同济mba商务英语考题.docx
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同济mba商务英语考题.docx
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同济mba商务英语考题
《商务英语》试卷(A卷)
(2014~2015学年第二学期)
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I
II
III
总分
得分
I.EssayQuestions(40%)
Directions:
Giveabriefanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Remembertoapplywhatyouhavelearnedinthecoursework.
1.WhatarethecommunicationstylesproposedbyTannenbaumandSchmidt?
Pleasechooseonestyle,suggestinwhatsituationsitisappropriateandgiveanexample.(FromCommunication)
2.Manycompaniesfall.BignamesareEnron,WorldCom,Kmart,Polaroid,Xeroxetc.Accordingtostatistics,thefouryearsurvivalrateofstart-upsisaslowas29%.Therefore,whyshallentrepreneursstartnumerousnewbusinesseseveryyear?
Pleasegiveatleast3causesandexplainwhatentrepreneurshipis.(FromTheEntrepreneurialProfile)
3.Aselfiestickisamonopodusedtotakeselfiephotographsbypositioningasmartphoneorcamerabeyondthenormalrangeofthearm.Themetalsticksaretypicallyextensible,withahandleononeendandanadjustableclampontheotherendtoholdaphoneinplace.SomehaveremoteorBluetoothcontrols,lettingtheuserdecidewhentotakethepicture.TheproductwaslistedinTimemagazine's25bestinventionsof2014.Theselfiestickisanessentialcarry-onitemformanytravellers.Ondeparture,peopletookselfies.Ontheplanetherewereselfiesat32,000meters.Inmostcases,theappealseemstobesimplyfittingmorepeopleintotheframe.Howwouldyoudothemarketingofselfiesticks?
Giveatleast2pointsandjustify.(Marketing)
4.MrRichardwasanofficedirector.Herarelywentoutintothemainbodyoftheoffice.HepreferredtoworkinhisroomontheothersideofthecorridorandaskedMissJoan,thedeputydirector,tositinacornerofthemainofficeandbehis‘eyesandears’.Asaresult,allthestaffswerewaryofMissJoan.Theywerepolite,butguardedintheirresponseswhenevershespoketothem.Givecommentsontheleadershipsituationand/orsuggestions.Pleasejustify.(FromOrganizationalBehavior)
II.VocabularyChoice(20%)
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithblanks.Choosetherightwordsfromtheboxgivenbelowtofillintheblanks.Onewordcanbeusedonlyonce.Makechangeswherenecessary.
share
right
lever
demand
include
firm
high
basis
move
finance
leave
environment
TheInternationalBusinessEnvironment
Thefollowingconsiderssomeoftheimportantaspectsofthebusinessenvironmentthatchangeinternationally.
Theeconomicenvironmentcanbeverydifferentfromonenationtoanother.Countriesareoftendividedintothreemaincategories:
themoredevelopedorindustrialized,thelessdevelopedorthirdworld,andthenewlyindustrializingoremergingeconomies.Withineachcategorytherearemajorvariations,butoverallthemoredevelopedcountriesaretherichcountries,thelessdevelopedthepoorones,andthenewlyindustrializing(thosemovingfrompoorertoricher).Thesedistinctionsareusuallymadeonthe__________
(1)ofgrossdomesticproductpercapita(GDP/capita).Bettereducation,infrastructure,technology,healthcare,andsoonarealsooftenassociatedwithhigherlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.
Inadditiontolevelofeconomicdevelopment,countriescanbeclassifiedasfree-market,centrallyplanned,ormixed.Free-marketeconomiesarethosewheregovernmentintervenesminimallyinbusinessactivities,andmarketforcesofsupplyand_____________
(2)areallowedtodetermineproductionandprices.Centrallyplannedeconomiesarethosewherethegovernmentdeterminesproductionandpricesbasedonforecastsofdemandanddesiredlevelsofsupply.Mixedeconomiesarethosewheresomeactivitiesare_____________(3)tomarketforcesandsome,fornationalandindividualwelfarereasons,aregovernmentcontrolled.Inthelatetwentiethcenturytherehasbeenasubstantial_____________(4)tofree-marketeconomies,butthePeople'sRepublicofChina,theworld'smostpopulouscountry,alongwithafewothers,remainedlargelycentrallyplannedeconomies,andmostcountriesmaintainsomegovernmentcontrolofbusinessactivities.
Theculturalenvironmentisoneofthecriticalcomponentsoftheinternationalbusiness___________(5)andoneofthemostdifficulttounderstand.Thisisbecausetheculturalenvironmentisessentiallyunseen;ithasbeendescribedasashared,commonlyheldbodyofgeneralbeliefsandvaluesthatdeterminewhatis___________(6)foronegroup,accordingtoKluckhohnandStrodtbeck.Nationalcultureisdescribedasthebodyofgeneralbeliefsandvaluesthatare___________(7)byanation.Beliefsandvaluesaregenerallyseenasformedbyfactorssuchashistory,language,religion,geographiclocation,government,andeducation;thusfirmsbeginaculturalanalysisbyseekingtounderstandthesefactors.
___________(8)wanttounderstandwhatbeliefsandvaluestheymayfindincountrieswheretheydobusiness,andanumberofmodelsofculturalvalueshavebeenproposedbyscholars.Themostwell-knownisthatdevelopedbyHofstedein1980.Thismodelproposesfourdimensionsofculturalvalues___________(9)individualism,uncertaintyavoidance,powerdistanceandmasculinity.Thismodelofculturalvalueshasbeenusedextensivelybecauseitprovidesdataforawidearrayofcountries.Manyacademicsandmanagersfoundthismodelhelpfulinexploringmanagementapproachesthatwouldbeappropriateindifferentcultures.Forexample,inanationthatis___________(10)onindividualismoneexpectsindividualgoals,individualtasks,andindividualrewardsystemstobeeffective,whereasthereversewouldbethecaseinanationthatislowonindividualism.
III.CaseAnalysis(40%)
Directions:
Pleasefirstreadthecasebelow,answerthequestionsafterthepassage,andthenwriteacasestudyreportinaccordancewiththefollowingpattern.
I.Defineandanalyzetheproblem.
II.Suggestpossiblesolutions.
III.Evaluatepossiblesolutions.
IV.Selectasolution.
Thecase:
WhatarethefinancingoptionsforACT?
AdvancedCellTechnology(ACT),abiotechnologycompanybasedinMarlborough,Massachusetts,haslongflirtedwithfame—andbankruptcy.
ThecompanyisrunningtheonlyFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)-approvedclinicaltrials(临床试验)ofembryonicstem(ES)-celltherapies(胚胎干细胞治疗法).Laterthismonth,ACTplanstoreportpreliminaryresults(初步结果)fromthreetrialstotestthesafetyofitstreatmentfortwodifferentformsofvisionloss.Ifallgoeswell,itcouldbethefirstclinicaldemonstrationofthesafety—andperhapsalsothetherapeuticpotential—ofEScells.
Yetaseriesoffinancialmissteps(失策)couldcostACTtheopportunitytoseethatpotentialbecomereality.On22January,thefirmannouncedthatitschiefexecutive,GaryRabin,wassteppingdown.ThenewscameamonthafterACT—whichhad$5.5millionincashon-handasof30September2014—announcedthatitwouldpay$4milliontosettleaSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)charge(指控)allegingthatthecompanyhadillegallysoldbillionsofsharesofstock.
“That’sabighitforanybiotechnologycompany,”saysGregoryBonfiglio,aventurecapitalistwithProteusVenturePartnersinPortolaValley,Calif.“Thisisaverypainfultimeforthem.”
ACTisaccustomedtothepain:
ithasbeenrunningonfumesforyearsandhasrepeatedlyskirted(濒临)bankruptcy.Thecompanyannouncedthisweekthatitaimstobeginthenextroundofitsclinicaltrialsinthesecondhalfof2015.Butitslastquarterlystatement,whichcoveredtheperiodendingSeptember30,revealedthatthecompanyhadonlyenoughfundstolastintothesecondhalfof2015.ACTspokesmanDavidSchullsaysthatthefirmisexploringallfinancingoptionsandplanstoexpanditsclinicaloperationstoaccommodatetheupcomingtrials.
ThatfinancingmayhavetocarryACTthroughadditionallegalcharges.ThesettlementwiththeSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionwasjustoneofastringofcasesACThashandledoverthepastfewyearsasitdealtwiththelegacyleftbythefundraisingschemesofitspreviouschiefexecutive,WilliamCaldwell.Onesuchcaseisstillpending,andtheSEChaslaunchedaseparateinvestigationofRabinfordistributingstockwithoutreportingittotheSEC“inatimelyfashion."
Morerecently,onJanuary2,theWisconsinAlumniResearchFoundation(WARF)suedACTforbreachofcontract(违反合同).WARF,whichhandlespatentsandlicensingfortheUniversityofWisconsin,holdsanumberofkeyES-cellpatents,andACTstruckalicensingdealwiththefoundationin2007.Thecasehasbeensealed,andlawyersrepresentingWARFdidnotrespondimmediatelytorequestsforcomment.
Othertrialsunderway
ACTmaysoonhavecompanyintheclinic.TheLondonProjecttoCureBlindnesshasbeendevelopinganEScell‒derivedtherapytotreatage-relatedmaculardegeneration(黄斑变性),aleadingformofvisionlossinpeopleaged50andolder.
Theprojecthasgottenregulatoryapprovalandtheteamispreparingcellsforthetrial,saysaspokesmanforPfizer,theNewYork-basedpharmaceuticalgiantthatisbackingtheproject.
Anothertrial,announcedlastyearandledbyophthalmologist(眼科医师)MasayoTakahashioftheRIKENCenterforDevelopmentalBiologyinKobe,Japan,willuseadultcellsreprogrammedtotakeonanEScell‒likestate.Thesecells,calledinducedpluripotentstemcells(多能肝细胞),havelessofariskofprovokinganimmuneresponsebecausetheycanbederivedfromthepatient’sowntissue.
BothTakahashi’strialandtheLondonefforthaveanadvantageoverACT’sapproach,saysStephenRose,chiefresearchofficeroftheFoundationFightingBlindnessinColumbia,Md.Allthreetrialsaimtoprotectcellsth
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