语言学论文语用学.docx
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语言学论文语用学.docx
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语言学论文语用学
语言学论文-语用学
ComparisonbetweenChineseandEnglishIdioms
Abstract:
IdiomsexistinbothChineseandEnglish,andtheyhavebeenusedfrequentlyforalongtime.Furthermore,idiomsarefixedphrasesextractedfromlanguageoverlongtimeofusage.Althoughtheyareformedinshortphrases,forexampleidiomsknownas“成语”inChinese,whichhasonlyfouroreightletters,theirmeaningsareexuberantandconnotative.Therefore,theanalysisoftheidiom’susageandtheculturaldifferencesitreflectsissignificanttoeverylanguagelearnerandtranslator.
Keywords:
idiom;culture;comparison;differences
1TheoreticalFoundationoftheIdiom
1.1DefinitionsofChineseIdioms
Accordingto“ModernChineseDictionary”,“Chengyu”isfixedphrasesorshortsentenceswhichareconcise,havingbeenacceptedbycommonpeoplethroughyearsofusage.
Accordingto“Cihai”,“Shuyu”(Idiom)isfixedphrasesorsentencesofalanguage,whichcannotbemodifiedarbitrarily.Itmustbeinterpretedasasemanticunit.Itincludessetphrases,proverbs,maxims,locutionsandtwo-partallegoricalsayings,etc.
1.2DefinitionsofEnglishIdioms
“LongmanDictionaryofEnglishLanguageandCulture”hastwodefinitionsofidiom:
(1)aphrasewhichmeanssomethingdifferentfromthemeaningoftheseparatewordsfromwhichitisformed;
(2)thewayofexpressiontypicalofapersonoragroupintheiruseoflanguage(SummersP.,1998:
657).
“TheNewOxfordEnglishDictionary”definesthatidiomis:
(1)agroupofwordsestablishedbyusageashavingameaningnotdeduciblefromthoseoftheindividualwords;
(2)aformofexpressionnaturaltoalanguage,person,oragroupofpeople(PearsallJ,2001:
908).
1.3TheRhetoricofIdioms
Idiomisthedistillateofthenationlanguageabstractedbypeopleduringalongpractice.Therearethreemainfeaturesofidiomrhetoric:
abundantcomparisons,vividwordsandlivelycontrasts.
First,simileisadirectcomparison,inwhichsubject,referenceandindicatorofresemblanceareallpresent.SuchastheChineseidiom“轻如鸿毛”andtheEnglishidiom“aslightasafeather”.
Second,metaphor—useofawordorphrasetoindicatesomethingdifferentfromtheliteralmeaning.Forexample,theChineseidiom“口若悬河”,itdoesn’tmeantheriverhangonthemouth,butmeanssomeonewhospeakseloquentlyandvolubly.
Third,metonymy—meanscorrespondenceorpartialsimilaritybetweentwothingsthatarecompared.Forinstance,“犬马之劳”meanstoseversomebodyfaithfullylikethedogorthehorse.“beinthepipeline”meansthatifaplanisinthepipeline,itisbeingdevelopedandwillhappeninthefuture.
Fourth,analogyistocomparetwothingsorpeoplesothatdifferencesaremadeclear.“口蜜腹剑”literallymeanssomeoneishoney-mouthedbutdagger-hearted.Thatistosaythepersonistreacherousandhypocritical.“Tobitethehandthatfeedsone”alsousesthecontrast.Itmeanstotreatsomeonebadlywhohashelpedyouinsomeway.
Fifth,exaggerationsuchas“垂涎三尺”exaggeratedmeansadroolwithgreatenvy.“Astreamoftears”meanssomeoneisreallyheart-broken.
isrevealed,likethedenotativemeaningofwords,especiallyforthoseculturally-loadedwordslikeidioms.Idiomshaveacloserelationshipwiththeculturetowhichitisattachedthattheytrulyreflectthevaluesandphilosophyoflifeofthepeopleinthatcultureandarerichinculturalconnotations.
ComprehensionoftheExoticIdioms
TherearesomeexoticidiomsintheChineseidioms.Suchas“以眼还眼”comesfromtheEnglishidiom“aneyeforaneye”.ThisidiomwhichcomesfromtheBiblemeansthatifsomeonedoessomethingwrong,theyshouldbepunishedbyhavingthesamethingdonetothem.AndanotherChineseidiom“诺亚方舟”,“Noah’sark”alsocomesfromtheBible.
TheEnglishidiom“AnAchilles’heel”meansasmallfaultinapersonorsystemwhichmightcausethemtofail.ThisidiomisfromGreekmythology.Achilleswasamanwhowaskilledwhenhewasinjuredonhisheel,becausethiswastheonlypartofhisbodywherehecouldbeharmed.
Therefore,idiomscanbeaneffectivetooloflearningculture.Andlearningcultureitemslikeidiomscanbeoneofthegoodexamplestolearnbothlanguageandculturesimultaneously.Learningidiomscanalsomakeuslearnmoreabouttheknowledgeofculturalbackground.
2CompareChineseIdiomswithEnglishIdioms
2.1SimilaritiesbetweenChineseandEnglishIdioms
Ashumancivilizationhasdevelopedinasimilarway,bothEnglishandChineseidiomsaresimilarinbasicmoralconceptsandvalueviewpoint,whichhasformedacommonbaseforbothcultures.Theirsimilaritiesareasfollows:
First,inbothEnglishandChinesewehavealikeidiomstoexpressthehard-working,braveandindomitablehumannatureandthegoodwillandforgiveness.Alsotherearemanyidiomsinbothlanguagestopraisethepioneeringspirit.Forexample,“既往不咎,Letbyg
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- 关 键 词:
- 语言学 论文 语用学