马克思主义基本原理概论期末复习总结.docx
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马克思主义基本原理概论期末复习总结.docx
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马克思主义基本原理概论期末复习总结
马克思主义基本原理概论期末复习总结txt版(IntroductiontothebasicprinciplesofMarxdoctrine,summaryoffinalreview,
TXTEdition)
Ultimatenote:
MaZhe
One,materialism(2core,2principles)
The2Core:
materialandconsciousness
The2principles:
materialistmonism(thetheoryofworldmaterialunity)andthedialecticalrelationbetweenmatterandconsciousness
Two,dialectics(2core,3majorlaws,4pairsofcategories)
The2Core:
contactanddevelopment
The3majorlawsarequalitativevariable,variablenegation,negativenegationandunityofopposites4pairsofcategories:
phenomenaandnature,necessityandcontingency,causeandeffect,possibilityandreality
Three,epistemology(3core,3majorlaws)3core:
practice,knowledgeandtruth
The3majorlaws:
thedialecticalrelationofpracticeandcognition,theprincipleofcognition,thelawofdevelopmentandthelawoftruehairdressing
Four,thehistoricalview(2core,2majorlaws)
The2Core:
society,people
The2majorlawsaresocialdevelopmentlaw,socialdevelopmentandhumandevelopmentlaw
One,materialism(2core,2principles)
The2Core:
materialandconsciousness
Matter(objectivereality)
Matteristhephilosophicalcategoryofobjectivereality,materialistheabstractionofthecommonnatureofallperceivablethings,andtheonlycharacteristicofitisobjectivereality.
Consciousness(reflecting)
1,(origin)consciousnessandhumanbrain:
consciousnessisthefunctionofhumanbrain,humanbrainisthematerialorganofconsciousness.
2,(essence)consciousnessandobjectiveexistence:
(approximate,dynamic,prototype)consciousnessisareflectionofobjectiveexistence,approximationoftheinitiative;anyconsciousnessisareflectionoftheobjectiveexistence,canbefoundfromtheobjectiverealityofthe
prototype,namelynotreflectednotreflect.
(contentandform)thecontentofconsciousnessisobjective,buttheformissubjective;consciousnessembodiestheunityofobjectivecontentandsubjectiveform.
The2principles:
materialistmonism(thetheoryofworldmaterialunity)andthedialecticalrelationbetweenmatterandconsciousness
Materialistmonism(theprincipleofworldmaterialunity)(theunityofdiversityisthematerial)isadiversifiedworld.Theyareunified;theunityoftheworldliesinmaterial;unityofthematerialworld,istheunityofdiversity:
hasthematerialunityofnatureandhumansociety.
Thedialecticalrelationbetweenmatterandconsciousness(theprincipleofdependenceofconsciousnessonmatter,theprincipleofconsciousactivity)
1,theprincipleofthedependenceofconsciousnessonmatter,thatis,thefirstnatureofmatter,thesecondaryconsciousness,theoriginandessenceofconsciousness.
2,thedynamicroleofconsciousness,alsoknownassubjectiveinitiative,referstotheabilityofconsciousnesstoreflecttheworldandguidepractice,andtheabilityandactivitytotransformtheworldthroughpracticeisthedistinguishingfeatureofhumanbeings.3specificmanifestations:
tounderstandtheworld;toguidethepracticeandchangetheworld;tocontrolandregulatethephysiologicalactivitiesofhumanbeings.
Two,dialectics(2core,3majorlaws,4pairsofcategories)
The2Core:
contactanddevelopment
Connection(objectivity,universality,diversity)
1,(internalfactorsandtherelationshipbetweeneachother)istherelationshipbetweenthingswithintheelementsandthingsinteract,interactandrestricteachother.
2,(objectivity)contactisobjective,wheretherealconnectionisthattheinherentthings,peoplecangraspthingsfromtheinherentrelationsofthings,butneverwithimaginarycontactinsteadofrealcontact,otherwiseitwillfallintosophistry.
3,(Universal)isawidespread,everythinginsideandoutsideincontactwitheachother,theworldisunifiedwitheachother,everythingisapartoftheuniversalinitreflectstheuniversalrelation.
4,(diversity)tiesarevariedincontentandform.
PS:
theuniversalityofcommunicationcausesthematerialworldtoexistinasystematicform.
Extendedconcepts:
Systems(integrity,structure,hierarchy,andopenness)
A(integrated)systemshaveintegralpropertiesthattheirpartsdonothaveinisolation;
ThenatureofB(structural)systemsdependsnotonlyonthenatureoftheelementsthatmakeupthesystem,butalsoonthecomposition,structure,orstructureoftheseelements.
Development(permanence,universality)
3,thedialecticprincipleofuniversalityandparticularityofcontradiction
A,therelationbetweenuniversalityandparticularityofcontradiction,namelycommonnessandindividuality,generalandindividual,absoluteandrelativerelation,theyaredifferentandrelated;
B:
distinction(generally)consistsonlyofaspecific(individual)part,part,oressence;anyindividualcannotbecompletelyincludedinthegeneral;
Candconnection:
generallyexistintheindividual,onlythroughindividualexistence;anyindividualisgeneral,havethegeneralnatureorattribute.Everythingisauniversalandspecialunity.Thedifferencebetweentheuniversalandthespecialisrelative,andcanbetransformedintoeachotherundercertainconditions.
4,twopointtheoryandthedialecticalrelationprincipleofkeytheory
A,twopointstheoryistoseethemaincontradictionandnonmaincontradictionatthesametime,themainandnoncontradictoryaspectsofcontradictions,aswellasthedialecticalrelationshipbetweenprimaryandsecondary,notjustontheonehand,whileignoringtheother;
Bandthefocustheoryisthatinseeingthetwoaspects,wemustdistinguishbetweenprimaryandsecondary,andgraspthemainaspectsofmajorcontradictionsandcontradictions;
Cadheretothe"twopointstheory"andopposetheonepointtheory,adheretothetheoryofpriorityandopposethetheoryofbalance.Weshouldadheretothetheoryof"twopoints"andfocusonthetheoryoftwopoints.Thetwopointsofviewandthetheoryoffocusareunified.
4pairsofcategories:
phenomenaandnature,necessityandcontingency,causeandeffect,possibilityandreality(dialectic)
Phenomenonandessence
1,phenomenonandessenceisapairofcategoriesthatrevealtheexternalandinternalrelationsofobjectivethings.
2,differenceandopposition:
Theessenceofaistheinherentrelationbetweenthebasicnatureofthingsandthebasicelementsofthings;phenomenaaretheexternalrelationsandsurfacefeaturesofthings.
Thereistruthandillusion,Bphenomenon.Thetruthistheessenceofthephenomenonfromthepositiveperformance,illusionisadistortedexpressiontheessenceofthingsfromtheoppositephenomenon,cannotputitwiththelogoreflectsthesubjectivecategoryofillusionconfused.
Thedifferenceandoppositionbetween"C"and"phenomenon"and"essence"areexpressedasfollows:
first,thephenomenonisindividualandone-sided.Theessenceisthesimilarityofsimilarphenomena.Secondly,thephenomenonischangeableandperishable;thenatureisrelativelystable.Third,thephenomenonismanifestedoutside,surface,andcanbedirectlyperceivedbypeople'ssenses.Theessenceisdeepintheinterior,andprofound,andcanbegraspedbyrationalthinking.Fourth,thephenomenonisrichandvaried,thenatureissimple.
3,dialecticalunity:
Theessenceisthebasisofthephenomenon,thephenomenonofdecisionisalwaysmanifestedbythephenomenon;thephenomenonalwaysshowstheessence,andthereisnophenomenonthatdoesnotshowtheessence:
allthingshavethedialecticalunityofphenomenonandessence.
Necessityandcontingency
1,inevitabilityandcontingencyareapairofcategoriesthatrevealthedifferenttrendsofcreation,developmentandextinctionofthings.
2,differenceandopposition:
A,necessityisthetendencytodevelopinthedevelopmentofthings;contingencyissomethingthatisnotinevitableanduncertaininthedevelopmentofthings;
Bandcertaintyaredeterminedbythefundamentalcontradictionswithinthething;contingencyisdeterminedbynonfundamentalcontradictions;
C,certaintyplaysadecisiveroleinthedevelopmentofthings,itdeterminesthedirectionofdevelopmentofthings,andcontingencyplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofthings,itacceleratesordelaysthedevelopmentofthings.
3,interdependenceandmutualtransformation:
Aandinterdependence:
Inevitabilityexistsincontingencyandismanifestedbyagreatdealofcontingency;
Bandcontingencyexistwitheachotherinevitably,contingencyishiddenbehindcertainty,contingencyistheformandsupplementofinevitability,andcontingencypavesthewayforthedevelopmentofinevitability;
C,undercertainconditions,thetwocanbetransformedintoeachother.
Reasonandresult
1,reasonandresultisapairofcategoriesthatrevealthe
successiveandConstrainingRelationsofthings.
2,relationcharacteristic:
causalconnectionhastimeorderrelation,alwaysreasonbefore,resultinlater,butnotanysuccessivephenomenon,causeandeffectrelation.
3,dialecticalrelationship:
(interdependence,interaction,mutualtransformation)
A,interdependence:
therearereasons,thereareconsequences,thereareconsequences,thereisnocauseandnocauseoftheconsequences;
Candmutual
causestheresult,andtheresultreactstothetheresultintoacause,andthecauseturnsinto
transformation:
thedistinctionbetweencauseand
effectisdefiniteanduncertain.Inparticularthecausalchain,todistinguishbetweencauseandeffectisbecausecasesoffruitorputthecartbeforetheevolvingchainofcauseandeffect,thedistinctiontwoisuncertain,thatis,undercertainconditions,"mutualtransformation",thatis,"reason"and"result"areoftenexchang
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