中考一轮十三中学生英语学习常见错误一览表4.docx
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中考一轮十三中学生英语学习常见错误一览表4.docx
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中考一轮十三中学生英语学习常见错误一览表4
中学生英语学习常见错误一览表(四)
I
if
[误]IfitwillrainIwon'tgotoschooltomorrow.
[正]IfitrainsIwon'tgotoschooltomorrow.
[析]由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。
[误]Iwanttoknowifhecomesheretomorrow.
[正]Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.
[析]if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。
[误]Iwanttoknowifitwillraintomorrowhewillcomeornot.
[正]Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowhewillcomeornot.
[析]这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语,所以,还应用一般时表示将来。
ill
[误]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhisillfather.
[正]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhissickfather.
[析]ill和sick都可以作表语,如:
I'mill(sick).美国英语中常用sick,而英国英语中两者都可用,但ill一般不作定语。
in
[误]Inacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.
[正]Onacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.
[析]在inthemorning或intheafternoon词组中,不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词,其介词in都要变为on.
[误]Iwillfinishitaftertwodays.
[正]Iwillfinishitintwodays.
[析]中文中几天以后可以完成,或几天后来取,在译为英文时都不要用after,而要用in.如:
Hewillbebackinafewdays.
ininto
作为副词应用in,而不能用into,如:
Comein,please.又若在句中不涉及到动词的位置,只是表达空间的位置时用in,如:
Theteacherintheofficeismymother.但在go,run,come,walk,dive等词后则要用into.如:
Shedivesintotheriver.
instead
[误]Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadtogotoschool.
[正]Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadofgoingtoschool.
[析]insteadof其后要接动名词、名词或代词,而不能用不定式,如:
Ichoosethisbookinsteadofthatone.
[误]Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinsteadofit.
[正]Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinstead.
[析]instead是副词,而insteadof是介词短语。
如:
Ifyouarenotfree,youmaycomeanotherdayinstead.
interest
[误]Hehasagreatinterestforphysics.
[正]Hehasagreatinterestinphysics.
[误]Hehassomeinterestinmanycompanies.
[正]Hehassomeinterestsinmanycompanies.
[析]interest作为"兴趣"讲可用作不可数名词,但作为"利息"、"股份"讲时为可数名词。
[误]Thisisaninterestedbook.
[正]Thisisaninterestingbook.
[析]修饰物时应用interesting,如,aninterestingfilm,而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested,如:
I'minterestedinthisplay.但"他是一个十分有趣的人"。
应译为Heisaninterestingman.所以interesting是"令人感兴趣"之意,而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣,多用"beinterestedinsomething"这一句型。
invent
[误]AmericawasinventedbyChristopherColumbusin1492.
[正]AmericawasdiscoveredbyChristopherColumbusin1492.
[析]invent意为"发明"即从无到有,如:
CompasswasinventedbytheChinesepeople.而discover则意为"发现"。
it
[误]Thattakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.
[正]Ittakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.
[析]it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。
有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语,如:
IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.
J
join
[误]Didyouattendthefootballclub?
[正]Didyoujointhefootballclub?
[析]join经常用于参加某个团体、政党,并作为其中的一个成员;attend则重点强调出会议、到场,而不一定进行具体活动,如:
Didyouattendthemeetingyesterday?
而takepartin则强调参与某些具体活动或运动,如:
Itakepartinthefootballgame.
just
[误]Ihavefinishedmyworkjustnow.
[正]Ifinishedmyworkjustnow.
[析]justnow意义"刚才",所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。
[误]JustIwonthegame.
[正]Ijustwonthegame.
[析]just单独使用时不应放在句首,而应放于①be动词之后,如:
Heisjustastudent.②名词与一般动词之间。
③用在第一助动词之后,如:
Ihavejustreturnedhome.但just与其他词组成词组时,如justnow,justthen,则可用于句首和句尾。
如:
Justthenhesawthebuscoming.
justjustly
just常用于三种含意:
①恰好,如:
It'sjustfiveo'clock.②仅仅,相当于only,如:
Ihavejustenoughmoneytobuyadictionary.③不久前,如:
Ijustmissedmyoldfriend;Heleftafewminutesago.而justly其意为"公正的",如:
Hewasjustlypunishedforhiscrimes.
K
keep
[误]Shewaskeepingsomethingtoherfather.
[正]Shewaskeepingsomethingfromherfather.
[析]"对某人隐瞒某事"要用"keepsomethingfromsomebody"句型。
[误]Hekepttorepeatthewordagainandagain.
[正]Hekeptrepeatingthewordagainandagain.
[析]keepdoingsomething为连续不断地做某事。
有时可以与keepondoingsomething互换。
它们的区别在于keepdoingsomething意为该动作一直不停地在进行中,如:
Whenthetrainstarted,shekeptwavingherhand.而keepondoingsomething则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中,如:
Hekeptonmakingthesamemistakesingrammar.
[误]Wemustkeepupthetimes.
[正]Wemustkeepupwiththetimes.
[析]这句话意为"我们必须赶上时代",keepupwith是"赶上"之意,而keepup则是"坚持下去"的意思,如:
Keepitup,don'tstopnow!
key
[误]Ilostthekeyofthedoor.
[正]Ilostthekeytothedoor.
[析]英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of,而key,entrance,answer则多用to,如:
"门的钥匙"为keytothedoor,"高速公路入口"为entrancetothehighway,"问题的答案"为theanswer(key)tothequestion.
kind
[误]Thiskindofbooksarenotgood.
[正]Thiskindofbooksisnotgood.
[析]kind在这种句式中应作为主语,如果讲Thosekindsofbooksareverygood.则是正确的。
kindsorttype
kind和sort为同义词,意为"种类",而type则为"型号",如:
Whattypeofthiscardoyouwant?
(你想要这种车的什么型号?
)
knock
[误]Someonewasknockingthedoor.
[正]Someonewasknockingatthedoor.
[析]knock虽可以作及物动词,如:
Thecarknockedaholeinthefence.但作"敲门"讲一定要用作不及物动词:
knockat(on)thedoor.
know
[误]Iwanttoknowtoplaythisgame.
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtoplaythisgame.
[析]要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。
如:
Iwanttoknowhowtodoit/whattodo/whentodoit/wheretogo.
knowknowof
Iknowhim.为"我很了解他。
"而Iknowofhim.则为"我听说过他。
"同样的用法还有hear和hearof这一词组。
L
large
[误]Hefoundalargenumberofmistakeinhishomework.
[正]Hefoundalargenumberofmistakesinhishomework.
[析]"alargenumberof+复数名词",意为大量的。
last
[误]Thisisthenewestnews.
[正]Thisisthelatestnews.
[析]"最新消息"应为latestnews,因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息,请注意英语与汉语的区别。
lastthelast
[误]Isawmybrotherthelastweek.
[正]Isawmybrotherlastweek.
[析]当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用lastmonth,lastweek,而不能加定冠词,thelast可用于表示一系列词的最后一个,如:
ThatwasthelastChristmasIspentathome.但thelast可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期,如:
Iambusyforthelastweek.
late
[误]YesterdayIwenthomelately.
[正]YesterdayIwenthomelate.
[析]late即可做形容词又可作副词;而lately则意为"最近的",如:
Ihaven'tseenherlately.
latelatterlaterlately
late有两个比较级,指时间较晚应用later,如口语中常讲:
Seeyoulater.(一会见。
)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者,或靠后的,其反意词为former,如:
theformerpresident(前总统)。
又如:
Icanunderstandthelatterpartofthestory.而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。
laughedatbyhisclassmates.中的at是不可省掉的。
laughover则指"笑着谈论"某事,如Welaughoverthefilm.(我们笑着谈论那个电影。
)
lay
[误]Weliedonthebeach.
[正]Welayonthebeach.
[析]英文中有三个动词易混,在考试中也频频出现,它们的现在式,过去式,过去分词以及现在分词是:
lay(vt.放)laidlaidlaying
lie(vi.躺)laylaincying
lie(vi.说谎)liedliedlying
learn
[误]Theteachersaid:
"Youmuststudythispoembyheart."
[正]Theteachersaid:
"Youmustlearnthispoembyheart."
[析]study与learn在作"学习"讲时,常常可以互换,但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习,如:
Thelittlebabyislearningtowalk.而study则多侧重于学习的过程,如:
I'mstudyingatthiscollege.而learn…byheart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。
leave
[误]I'llleaveBeijingtoShanghai.
[正]I'llleaveBeijingforShanghai.
[析]leavefor一词组为"去某地",如对话中常讲I'llleaveforShanghai.因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。
leaveforget
[误]I'veforgottenmyhomeworkathome.
[正]I'veforgottenmyhomework.
[正]I'veleftmyhomeworkathome.
[析]如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget,而要用leave.
lesson
[误]IhavetwolessonsofEnglish.
[正]IhavetwoEnglishlessons.
[正]IhavetwolessonsinEnglish.
[析]"我有两节英语课。
"这一表达法如上,但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"Ihavetwoclasses."teachsomebodyalesson为"教训某人",或"要吸取教训",如:
Letthisthingteachesyoualesson.
lend
[误]Pleaseborrowmeyourbike.
[正]Pleaselendmeyourbike.
[析]borrow是指"借入",如:
Iwanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.lend是"借出",如:
Icanlendyoumybike.而keep为"借多久":
如HowlongcanIkeepit?
less
[误]Hehasfewermoneythanshehas.
[正]Hehaslessmoneythanshehas.
[析]less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。
要注意前者修饰不可数名词,而后者修饰可数名词。
let
[误]Theteacherletsthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.
[正]Theteachermakesthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.
[析]虽然let,have,make有相同的用法,但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
[误]Let'sgotothepark,willyou?
[正]Let'sgotothepark,shallwe?
[误]Letusgotothepark,shallwe?
[正]Letusgotothepark,willyou?
[析]Let'sgo的反意疑问句是shallwe?
而Letusgo的反意疑问句则是willyou?
life
[误]ManypeoplelosttheirlifeintheSecondWorldWar.
[正]ManyPeoplelosttheirlivesintheSecondWorldWar.
[析]life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词;当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词,如:
Whichdoyouprefer,townlifeorcountrylife?
又如:
Lifeisnotallfun.
light
[误]Thereisadeskwithalitlamponit.
[正]Thereisadeskwithalightedlamponit.
[析]light有两个过去分词:
lighted和lit,当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.light可以用作名词,如:
Themoongetsitslightfromthesun.也可以作形容词,如:
Theclassroomisverylight.还可以作动词,如:
Thelittlegirllitamatch.作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意,如:
Thisboxislight.Ilikelightblue.
like
[误]Mysisterisveryasme.
[正]Mysisterisverylikeme.
[析]as作为连词其后要接从句,如:
Sheisagoodstudentashisbrotherusedtobe.而like是介词,其后接宾语。
[误]Doyoulikeswimmingwithmetonight.
[正]Wouldyouliketoswimwithmetonight.
[析]like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时,其后面可接不定式也可接动名词,用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作,如:
I'msorryIdon'tliketogoswimmingtonight.用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作,如:
Ilikeswimmingverymuch.
likealike
作为形容词,alike一般不作定语,而只作表语,如;Thetwinsareveryalike.
[误]Wouldyoulikeswimmingwithus?
[正]Wouldyouliketoswimwithus?
[析]在wouldyoulike…这一句型中,其后面只能接不定式,而不能接动名词。
like的用法还要注意以下两点:
①HelikesTom.为"他喜欢汤姆。
"②HeislikeTom.为"他像汤姆。
"第二句话的like为介词,而第一句话的like为动词。
listen
[误]Youshouldheartheteahcer'sadvice.
[正]Youshouldlistentotheteacher'sadvice.
[析]hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音,而listento则侧重于听的倾向性。
如:
Welistenbuthearnothing.例句为"听取某人意见",所以只能用listentosomeone'sadvice.
little
[误]Don'tworry,thereislittletime.
[正]Don'tworry,thereisalittletime.
[误]Thereisalittlewater.ShallIgetsome?
[正]Thereislittlewater.ShallIgetsome?
[析]要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。
如中文"水不多了,我去取点吧。
"英文要讲"没水了,我去取点吧。
"
littlesmall
little与small是近义词,在作定语时常常可以互换,如:
alittlegirl或asmallgirl,但little一般不作表语,如:
Thecaroverthereissmall.一句中不要用little.作定语时little常常带有感情色彩,而small则带有对比的含义
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