中英文诗歌鉴赏.docx
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中英文诗歌鉴赏.docx
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中英文诗歌鉴赏
中英文诗歌鉴赏考试题目与答案
1.InregardtowhatPoetryis,oneofthetraditionaldefinitionsinChinais“poetryistosingwhatisintheheart”;(原文为:
诗者,吟咏情性也。
)thousandsofyearslater,thegreatpoetinBritainWordsworthinterpretspoetryas“spontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.”(可译为:
诗是强烈情感的自然流露),pleasemakeacommentonthetwodefinitionsofpoetryabove.YoumayanswerineitherEnglishorChinese.
答:
中国诗歌重在言志抒情。
由于人们的社会地位不同,所以反映的志愿也不一样,如李贺的《南园十三首》之五:
“男儿何不带吴钩,收取关山五十州。
请君暂上凌烟阁,若个书生万户侯?
”表达了诗人的不得志。
杜甫的“安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜,风雨不动安如山。
”表达了诗人忧国忧民的情怀。
而西方诗歌重在对感情的自然流露。
2.Auditoryeffectisofgreatvalueinreadingapoem.WhataretheelementscontributingtotheauditoryeffectinChinesepoemsandEnglishpoems?
Pleaseanswerthequestionabovewithsomeexamples.YoumayanswerineitherEnglishorChinese.
答:
CP:
1.Effectsachievedbymonosyllabicnatureofthecharacters.
2.Effectsachievedbypossessionoffixedtonesofthecharacters.
3.Effectsachievedbyotherdevices(rime,alliteration,rimingcompounds,reduplication,onomatopoeia)
rime:
静女其姝,俟我於城隅。
爱而不见,搔首踟蹰。
静女其娈,贻我彤管。
彤管有炜,说怿女美。
自牧归荑,洵美且异。
匪女以为美,美人之贻。
Analysis:
Thepoemismainlyinfour-syllabicline,withanoccasionalextrasyllable(instanzaI,line2,andstanzaIII,line3)therimeschemeis:
AAOA,BBCC,DDCD
alliteration:
茌苒星霜换,回还节候催
rimingcompounds:
雾树行相引连山望忽开
reduplication:
青青河畔草,郁郁园中柳。
onomatopoeia:
关关雎鸠,在河之洲
EP:
1.Syllable,SyllabificationandStress:
Forexample:
morning0o
verbalize0oo
tomorrowo0o
2.TheFootFormationortheMeterTypeStressedandunstressedsyllablesinspeechorwriting,ifarrangedwithregularity,formastresspatternorstresspatterns.
amphibrach:
o0oamphimacer:
0o0
antibacchius:
00oantispast:
o00o
3.TheLineStructure
TheAssyr-/iancamedown/likeawolf/onthefold,
ooO/ooO/ooO/ooO
5.TheRhymeandOtherSoundDevices
i.SingleRhyme,orMasculineRhymeRepetitionofonevowel,eitherasinglevowel,oradiphthong
ii.DoubleRhyme,orFeminineRhymeTwovowelsrepeated
iii.TripleRhyme,orMultipleRhyme
iv.TheCoincidenceofNumeralTypes
3.TranslatethefollowingprincipleadvocatedbyEzraPoundintoChineseandmakeacommentonitinEnglish.
Topresentanimage(hencethename:
"Imagist").Wearenotaschoolofpainters,butwebelievethatpoetryshouldrenderparticularsexactlyandnotdealinvaguegeneralities,howevermagnificentandsonorous.Itisforthisreasonthatweopposethecosmicpoet,whoseemstoustoshirktherealdifficultiesofhisart.
答:
为了显示图像(因此称为:
意象)。
我们不是一个画派,但是我们认为,诗歌应该提供精确的细节而不是大量隐晦模糊的概括,但是诗歌应该华丽宏伟。
正是这个原因,我们反对那些对我们来说逃避他的艺术中真正困难的诗人。
4.ThefollowingEnglishversionismadebyWengXianliangfromanancientChinesepoem.PleasewriteouttheChineseversionandmakeacommentonthefollowingEnglishversion.YoumayanswerineitherChineseorEnglish.
Good-byetothecityhighintherosycloudsofdawn.
Homeward,outthegorge,outtoday!
Lettheapeswail,
Goon.
Outshootsmyboat.
Theserriedmountainsareallbehind.
答:
朝辞白帝彩云间,千里江陵一日还。
两岸猿声啼不住,轻舟已过万重山。
5.Translatethefollowingpoemandmakeacommentonit.(YoumayanswereitherinChineseorinEnglish)
IntheStationoftheMetro
Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;
Petalsonawet,blackbough.
答:
地铁站台上
人群中幽灵般的脸面,
潮湿的黑枝条上的花瓣。
Apparition,petalsonawet.blackbough等构成的意象很形象。
6.TalkaboutThedifferencebetweentheChineseandEnglishdefinitionofpoems(YoumayanswereitherinChineseorinEnglish)
答:
CP:
诗言志,歌咏言《尚书》
诗者,志之所之也,在心为志,发言为声。
《诗大序》
诗者,吟咏情性也.《诗大序》
诗可以兴,可以观,可以群,可以怨。
《论语》
诗缘情而绮靡《文赋》
以为诗写性情《随园诗话》
1.PoetryasMoralInstruction
2.PoetryasSelf-expression
3.PoetryasContemplation
4.PoetryasLiteraryExercise
EP:
Poetryingeneralseemstohavesprungfromtwocauses:
theinstinctofimitation,thepleasurefeltinthingsimitated--Aristotle
Poetryismaking,imitation,isnottheendofpoetrybutisintermediatetotheend.Theendisthegivingofinstructioninpleasurableform.
--JuliusCaesarScaliger
Poetryistheartofunitingpleasurewithtruthby
callingimaginationtothehelpofreason
--Dr.Johnson
Apoemshouldbemotionlessintime
Asthemoonclimbs
Apoemshouldbeequalto:
Nottrue
7.MyviewonthepoetryArsPoetica(YoumayanswereitherinChineseorinEnglish)
答:
说明了西方人对诗歌的理解:
诗歌是情感的自然流露。
同时将西方人严重的诗歌应该是安静而有内涵,应该是直接而非隐晦。
总观全诗,先说诗歌应该像水果,像窗台的石栏,被衣袖抚摸,却默不作声,但是每个人却有各自的理解。
然后说说诗歌像月亮揭开缠绕夜色的树,给人以指示。
像明月抛开记忆,勾起阅读者的思绪。
再说诗歌应该不仅仅是真实的,以代替悲哀历史的是空荡的门口,是一叶红枫。
代替爱情的,是芳草欠身,是日月临海。
说明诗歌应该是确有所指的。
8.Whatis“YiXaing”?
Writeoutapoemyou’velearnedandgiveanillustration.(YouarerequiredtoanswerinEnglish)
玉阶怨
答:
Yixiang(意象)inChineseisactuallyacompoundword,consistingoftwoseparatewordsyi(意)andxiang(象),thetwoofwhichhavetheirownmeanings.
Inthefirstexpression,imageis“象”andconceptis“意”.“意”and“象”areseparated.Here,“意”referstoone’smentalactionorconcept,viz.one’saestheticexperienceorpersonality,etc.;while“象”suggestsexternalbeingorbeingsthatmaycomeintoone’smentalityandbecomethetargetofmentalactions.
Inthesecondexpression,apparently,”意象”referstothe“physicalshape”inone’smind,outofwhichthecarpentercanmakeanimplement.
Thethird“意象”issomethingexistinginthemind,shapelessandfluid.
Thelasttwotermsareactualthe”象“inthemaker’smind,whichhasn’tfounditswayintotheworks.
Anyway,fromalltheseexpressions,wecanfindthatitisinappropriatetotranslate“意象”intoasinglewordimage,becausecertainconnotationsgetlostinsuchasimpleword;yetitisnotsoconsideratetoput“象”intoimage,foritmaycauseconfusion.Thewordobjectmaymakeabettertranslationof“象”,butitistoonarrowinitsreferent.
Forexample:
Thewordcloudineverydayuserefersto“visiblewatervaporfloatingintheair”.Whenitcomesintopoets’mind,itwillhaveanewmeaning,viz.,adifferenttenor,whichcanconveypoet’sfeelings.TakeTaoYuanming’spoemThePendingCloudsforexample.Whencloudisusedtogetherwithpending,itgainsanewtenor,longingforone’sfamilyorbosomfriends.
9.WhatarethepossiblereasonsforthetwodifferentversificationsinChinesepoetryandwesternpoetry:
directnessandindirectness?
答:
1.Thesetwoconspicuousdifferentculturaltraditions,tosomedegree,explainthetwodifferentpoetryversifications
ChineseSuggestivenessandEnglishNarrativeness
ChineseSuggestiveness:
1.Latent2。
Reserve
englishNarrativeness:
Emphasisonthestructureofstories,characters,conflicts
2.SuggestivenessguidesChinesepoetstocomposepoetryinanindirectwaywhichendowsChinesepoetrywithsuggestiveness,wholenessandpervasiveness.
Narrativenesscallsonpoetstotelldirectly
ChineseParataxicalLanguage
EnglishHypotaxicalLanguage
3.TheparataxicallanguagecontributestotheconcisenessofChinesepoetry.Grammaticalrulesplayalessimportantroleinthelinesofpoetry.Moreoftenthannot,thepronounsareomitted.Thusthemeaningscannotbereaddirectly.Theyareboth-andrelated.
ChineseGroupsofImage
EnglishBareImageorSingleImage
4.Fromtheabove,wecanfindthatimageconsistsofvehicleandtenor,andwhenpoetsentrusttheirtenors,orsay,theirintentionstovehicles,imagetakesthedutyasamediumtowhichpoetscannaturallyresorttoexpresstheirfeelingsinaroundaboutway.Inaddition,owingtothefactthatonevehicleusuallyhasmorethanonetenor,oneimageallowsofmultipleinterpretations.
ChineseIndirectness
EnglishDirectness
10.TranslatethefollowingprincipleadvocatedbyEzraPoundintoChineseandmakeacommentonitinEnglish.
Toallowabsolutefreedominthechoiceofsubject.Itisnotgoodarttowritebadlyofairplanesandautomobiles,norisitnecessarilybadarttowritewellaboutthepast.Webelievepassionatelyintheartisticvalueofmodemlife,butwewishtopointoutthatthereisnothingsouninspiringnorsoold-fashionedasanaeroplaneoftheyear1911.
答:
为了主题选择的绝对自由。
这不是好的艺术描写坏的飞机和汽车,也不一定是不好的艺术将过去写好。
我们坚信有艺术价值的现代生活,但我们想指出,没有什么人比1911年的飞机老套。
toproducepoetrythatishardandclear,neverblurrednorindefinite。
Apoemshouldbeequalto,notonlyture.
11.Whatdoyouthinkcanbethepossiblereasonsforthefailureofimagistmovement?
答:
weredevotedto"clarityofexpressionthroughtheuseofprecisevisualimages."ThefirsttenetoftheImagistmanifestowas"Tousethelanguageofcommonspeech,buttoemployalwaystheexactword,notthenearlyexact,northemerelydecorativeword."Imagismwasareactionagainsttheflabbyabstractlanguageand"carelessthinking"ofGeorgianRomanticism.Imagistpoetryaimedtoreplacemuddyabstractionswithexactnessofobserveddetail,aptmetaphors,andeconomyoflanguage.
NotsameasenglishNarrativeness
12.PoetryforReciting
乌衣巷
刘禹锡
朱雀桥边野草花,乌衣巷口夕阳斜。
旧时王谢堂前燕,飞入寻常百姓家。
金陵图
韦庄
江雨霏霏江草齐,六朝如梦鸟空啼。
无情最是台城柳,依旧烟笼十里堤。
天净沙·秋思
(元)马致远
枯藤老树昏鸦。
小桥流水人家。
古道西风瘦马。
夕阳西下。
断肠人在天涯。
赋得自君之出矣
(唐)张九龄
自君之出矣,不复理残机。
思君如满月,夜夜减清辉。
玉阶怨
玉阶生白露,夜久侵罗袜。
却下水晶帘,玲珑望秋月。
SheWalksinBeauty
Shewalksinbeauty,likethenight
ofcloudlessclimesandstarryskies;
Andallthat’sbestofdarkandbright
Meetinheraspectandhereyes;
Thusmellow’dtothattenderlight
Whichheaventogaudydaydenies.
Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,
Hadhalfimpair’dthenamelessgrace
Whichwavesineveryraventress,
Orsoftlylightenso’erherface;
Wherethoughtsserenelysweetexpress
Howpure,howdeartheirdwelling–place.
Andonthatcheek,ando’erthatbrow
Sosoft,socalm,yeteloquent,
Thesmilesthatwin,thetintsthatglow
Buttellofdaysingoodnessspent,
Amindatpeacewithallbelow,
Aheartwhoseloveisinnocent.
逢雪宿芙蓉山主人
刘
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