完整版金融英语名词解释Word文档格式.docx
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完整版金融英语名词解释Word文档格式.docx
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Economistsdefinemoney(alsoreferredtoasthemoneysupply)asanythingthatisgenerallyacceptedinpaymentforgoodsorservicesorintherepaymentofdebts.
2.Currency:
Onetypeofmoney:
dollarbillsandcoins
3.MediumofExchange:
Inalmostallmarkettransactionsinaneconomy,moneyintheformofcurrencyorchecksisamediumofexchange;
itisusedtopayforgoodsandservices.
4.TransactionCost:
Thetimespenttryingtoexchangegoodsandservicesiscalledatransactioncost.
5.StoreofValue:
Moneyalsofunctionsasastoreofvalue;
itisarepositoryofpurchasingpowerovertime.Astoreofvalueisusedtosavepurchasingpowerfromthetimeincomeisreceiveduntilthetimeitisspent.
6.Liquidity:
Liquidityisameasureoftheeasewithwhichanassetcanbeturnedintoameansofpayment,namelymoney.
7.Inflation:
Inflationisasustainedriseinthegeneralpricelevel—thatis,thepriceofeverythinggoesupmoreorlessatthesametime.
8.Moneyaggregates:
Wehavedrawnthelineinanumberofdifferentplacesandcomputedseveralmeasuresofmoney,calledthemoneyaggregates:
M1,M2,andM3.
M1=currency
currencyandvariousdepositaccountsonwhichpeoplecanwritechecks
+Traveler’schecks
+Demanddeposits
+Othercheckabledeposits
M2=M1
M2equalsallofM1plusassetsthatcannotbeuseddirectlyasameansofpaymentandaredifficulttoturnintocurrencyquickly
+Small-denominationtimedeposits
+Savingsdepositsandmoneymarketdepositaccounts
+Moneymarketmutualfundshares(non-institutional)
M3=M2
M3addstoM2anumberofotherassetsthatareimportanttolargeinstitutionsbutnottoindividuals.
+Large-denominationtimedeposits
+Moneymarketmutualfundshares(institutional)
+Repurchaseagreements
+Eurodollars
Chapter3
1.Depositoryinstitutions:
Depositoryinstitutionsarefinancialinstitutionsthatacceptdepositsfromsaversandmakeloanstoborrowers.Weusetheterm“banks”asanalternative.
2.bank:
Abankisafinancialinstitutionwhereyoucandeposityourmoney.
3.CommercialBanks:
Acommercialbankisaninstitutionthatacceptsdepositsandusestheproceedstomakeconsumer,commercial,andmortgageloans.Originallyestablishedtomeettheneedsofbusinesses,manyofthesebanksnowserveindividualcustomersaswell
4.holdingcompany:
Aholdingcompanyisacorporationthatownsagroupofotherfirms.
5.CommunityBanks:
Smallbanks—thosewithassetsoflessthan$1billion—thatconcentrateonservingconsumersandsmallbusinesses.
Thesearethebanksthattakedepositsfrompeopleinthelocalareaandlendthembacktolocalbusinessesandconsumers.
6.RegionalandSuper-RegionalBanks:
largerthancommunitybanksandmuchlesslocal.Besidesconsumerandresidentialloans,thesebanksalsomakecommercialandindustrialloans.
7.MoneyCenterBanks:
donotrelyprimarilyondepositfinancing.Thesebanksrelyinsteadonborrowingfortheirfunding
8.SavingsInstitutions:
Savingsinstitutions,whicharesometimesreferredtoas“thriftinstitutions”or“thrifts”,arefinancialintermediariesthatwereestablishedtoservehouseholdsandindividuals.
9.CreditUnion:
Creditunions(CUs)arenonprofitorganizations
Theyarecomposedofmemberswithacommonbond,suchasanaffiliationwithaparticularlaborunion,church,university,orevenresidentialarea.
Chapter4
InsuranceCompanies:
Insurancecompaniesareintermediarieswhoseprimaryfunctionistoallowhouseholdsandbusinessestoshedspecificrisksbybuyingcontractscalledinsurancepoliciesthatpaycashcompensationifcertainspecifiedeventsoccur.
1.Insurance:
Insuranceisafinancialarrangementthatredistributesthecostsofunexpectedlosses.
2.InsuranceSystem:
Aninsurancesystemaccomplishestheredistributionofthecostoflossesbycollectingapremiumpaymentfromeveryparticipantinthesystem.
MarineInsurance—Thelargemajorityofshipownersresorttomarineinsurancefortheprotectionoftheirships,freightandotherinterestsagainstmarineperils.
LifeInsurance—Lifeinsurancepaysastatedamountofmoneyonthedeathoftheinsuredindividual
FireInsurance—Fireinsurancecoverslossesduetofire
PropertyInsurance—propertyinsurancecoversdamagetothepropertiesoftheassuredsubjecttoanagreedlimit.
MotorInsurance—alegallyrequiredinsurancecoveringthedriverofacarforpotentialdamagestootherroadusersortheirvehiclesfromaccidentscausedthro
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