批判性思维阅读笔记Critical thinking reading notesWord格式.docx
- 文档编号:22065175
- 上传时间:2023-02-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:6
- 大小:18.36KB
批判性思维阅读笔记Critical thinking reading notesWord格式.docx
《批判性思维阅读笔记Critical thinking reading notesWord格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《批判性思维阅读笔记Critical thinking reading notesWord格式.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
daretochallengebeliefs,rejectbeliefsthatareinconsistentwithrealityandfollowonlyevidenceandreasoning.
-Sanity:
judgeyourselfandotherswiththesamestandards.
-thepsychologicaldifficulties:
unremittingly.
-believinginreasoning:
recognizingthatgoodargumentshavetheirmerits.
-freedomofwill:
independentthinking,refusingtofollowblindly.Treasonisnotfreedom,itisjustakindofblindobediencetoanotherkindofblindobedience.
P39
Spontaneousthinking(generalthinking)criticalthinking
Justthinkingandanalyzingyourownthoughts
Havingegocentrictendencies;
examiningandrevealingthecentralsourcesofthoughtindetail
Attractedbyafundamentallyunworthystandardofthought,exposethemandreplacethemwithreasonablestandardsofthought
Fulloftemptation,weraisethemeaningofmeaningtoconsciousinvestigation,avoidingthepitfallscausedbyinstinctivethinking.
Indulginginthemindandemotionclearlycontrolslifeinarationalandemotionalway:
whoweare,whatwearedoing,andwhattrajectoryourlifetrajectorywillextendto
Begovernedbyyourownmindandlearnhowtocontrolyourmind.
Thefirststage:
arashthinker
Thesecondstage:
thethinkerfacingthechallenge
P44
Reflectionontheexistingproblemsinthinking:
-makethehypothesisthatyoucan;
-usingfalse,incompleteormisleadinginformation;
-makeinferencesthatwedonothaveevidencethatwedonotsupport;
-unabletorecognizethehiddenmeaningofourthoughts;
-wecan'
trecognizetheproblemswehave;
-trainthewrongconcept;
-useofbiased,narrowperspectivereasoning;
-fromtheperspectiveofselfcenteredness/irrationality.
Signsoftendingtoconsider:
-discoveringthatyouaretryingtoanalyzeandevaluateyourownthinking;
-discoveringthattheystudythestructureofthinkingthatmakesthinkingpossible,suchasconcepts,assumptions,reasoning,andhints
-findyourselfthinkingthatthinkingismoresoundquality:
clear,accurate,relevant,logical,money.
-discoveringthatyouareinterestedintheroleofselfdeceptioninyourmind.
Thethirdstage:
agreenhand.
Recognizethatyourlevelofthinkingisnothigh,andmakeapositivedecisiontoacceptthechallengeoftryingtogrowintoagreatthinker.
Agradualrealizationofhowtodealwiththestructuralhierarchy(purpose,problem,informationinterpretation,etc.)thatfunctionsintheoperationofthought
-analysetheinherentlogicandproblemsoftheenvironmentalsituation;
-makeclearandaccuratequestions;
-checktheaccuracyandrelevanceoftheinformation;
-distinguishbetweentheoriginalinformationandtheinterpretationofit;
-identifyingthehypothesisofinference;
-identifyingbiasedandbiasedbeliefs,irrationalconclusions,uselesswords,andmissingimplications;
-notingwhenourviewsaredistortedbyself-interest.
Influencemodel:
Wearethinkinginaseriesofdifferentcategories:
Sociology,philosophy,ethics,intelligence,anthropology,ideology,politics,economics,history,biology,theology,psychology.
Onagreenhandthinker:
-doctrineofabsolutism:
truthisacquiredthroughirrationalbeliefs;
Subjectiverelativism:
thereisnocriterionforjudgingtherightandwrong.
Thefourthstage:
practicethinkers.
P50
Makeupyourmindtomakeaplanthatyouthinkyoucando.Successultimatelybelongstothosewhopersevereandmakestrategicplansforthemselves.
Thebestwaytocombatfrustrationistorecognizefromthebeginningthatyouaredoingapilotexperimentondifferentplans.Bepreparedtoacceptsometemporaryfailures.
Successisrelativelyheavyinfailuretoblazeanewtrail.
Strategiesforimprovingyourthinkingability:
Startslowly,andpayattentiontothefundamentals.
P52
Actionplanning:
1.makeuseofwastedtime
Recallthedayandassessyourownthinkingpatterns
-whatwastheworsttimeIthoughtofittoday?
-whendidIthinkthebest?
-whathaveIbeenthinkingabouttoday?
HaveIsolvedanythingtoday?
-haveIallowednegativethinkingtomakemyselfneedlesslyfrustrated?
IfIhadtorepeattoday'
sactivities,whatwouldIdodifferently?
Why?
-didImakeanyefforttopromotemylong-termgoalstoday?
-ismybehaviortodayinlinewithwhatIclaimtobe?
IfIlivelikeIdotodayinthenexttenyears,willIfinallybeabletoachievesomethingthathasbeencommensuratewithsuchalongtime?
2.solveaproblemoneday
Askyourself,"
where'
stheproblem?
"
Howdoyousolveproblemsintheformofdoubt?
3digestionandabsorptionofmentalstandards:
focusonresearch
4.keeparecordofminddiaries.Step:
-describeonlythesignificanceofthesituation
-describeasituationatatime;
-describethereactionatthattime;
-accordingtotherecords,toanalyzewhathappenedinthecaseandtodigthroughthesurface;
-assesswhatimplicationsyouranalysisimpliesIfyoucouldstartoveragain,whatwouldbedifferentmeasures?
)
5.practicemindstrategy(CH17)
6.reshapingindividuality
Seven
Reflectonyourbehaviordaily(findselfcentredthinking,seeCH12)
8.redefinetheangleoflookingatthings.Convertthenegativedefinitionsofmanythingsintopositivedefinitions.Makealistoftherootcauses,replacethenegativedefinitions,andplanthenewemotionsandreactions.
9.getintouchwithyouremotions.Whatkindofthinkinghasmademefeel?
What'
swrongwithmythinking?
Whatassumptionsweremade?
Whatinformationdoesmythinkingmakebasedon?
Istheinformationreliable?
(CH3,CH10)
10.analyzetheimpactofgroupsonlife.E.G.beliefsandtaboos(CH13)
P58
Thetendencyofhumanself-centredthinkingmeansthatwerarely,orrarely,haveinsightintothenatureofourownthoughtsandemotions.Forgedthebondsoftheheartenslavingitself.
E.g.whenyouareafraidofaskingyourselfquestionsandmakeyourselfstupid,thenyouhavetoaimatselfcenterednessasasourceoffear:
askthisquestion,andotherswillthinkIamstupid.
Youcanusethefollowingideasinstead:
anyquestionIaskwillhelpyourstudy,andmaybebeneficialtothestudyofotherstudents.Furthermore,itistheirproblemifanyonethinksthisisstupid,andtheydonotunderstandtheimportanceofquestioningasameansoflearning.
Iwillnotletmylearningbehinderedbythelackofotherpeople'
sknowledge.
P59
Acloserexaminationofourattitudesrevealsthatweallunconsciouslyjustifyourbeliefswithegocentricstandards.
1."
it'
strue,becauseIbelieveit'
strue."
."
2."
Becauseweallthinkso."
3."
XX,becauseIwanttobelieveit."
4."
XX,becauseI'
vealwaysthoughtso."
5."
XX,becauseit'
smyself-interest."
P60
Threefunctionsofthemind:
1.,thefunctionofthinkingistocreatemeaning.Andclassifyandfindpatternsforyourself,thatistosay"
what"
.
The2.sensefunctionistomonitororevaluatethemeaningcreatedbythethinkingfunctionandassesswhetheritispositiveornegative.
3.,thefunctionneededistoinjectenergyintoactionwhenactionisconsistentwithwhatwemeanby"
possible"
/"
definitions,thatis,drivingforce.
<
conceptevaluation-drive/disable>
Thinking,feeling,need
Understandingtheworldtellsushowtoactanddrivesustotakeaction
Judgehappiness,sadness,depression,goals,desires
Perceivedanxiety,stress,planning,evaluation,motivation
Analysecalmness,worry,excitement
clarify
Decision
compare
comprehensive
Thinking----feeling
|/|
|/\|
Act----need
Positivethoughtsproducepositiveemotions,negativethoughtsproducenegativeemotions
(consequence)fundamentallydeterminedbyaperson'
swayofthinkingwhenfacingtheenvironment,differentthoughtsandactionsalsoproducedifferentemotions.
Thefeelingandneed(desire)willnotchangebyitself;
theonlywaytochangeistothink.
P64
Ifyoucantakecontrolofyourmindinclass,youcananalyzethecoursecarefullysothatyoucandecidewhatisimportantandworthwhiletolearn.Such,
Nomatterhowboringthecoursemaybe,youwillurgeyourselftofeelthatyouhavetheabilitytolearnanyknowledge.
Depressed,confused,unremittingly;
open-minded;
thebestthinkersarethoseareasontheirownfieldoftheknownandunknownpeoplehaveacleardistinction.
Independentthinking:
Recognizetheconnectionbetweenthreefunctionsofthought
Recalltherecentsceneofnegativity(anger,frustration,uneasiness).
1.writedownwhathappenedinthescene.Whatdoyouthink?
2.discoveryourthoughtsinthecircumstancesthatleadtonegativeemotionsandrecordthemindetail.
3.writedownhowthoughtsandfeelingsaffectbehavior.Whatwillhappenaftersuchthin
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 批判性思维阅读笔记Critical thinking reading notes 批判性 思维 阅读 笔记 Critical
链接地址:https://www.bdocx.com/doc/22065175.html