中考英语名词讲解及练习.docx
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中考英语名词讲解及练习.docx
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中考英语名词讲解及练习
名 词
表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。
一、 名词的分类
名
词
类 别
意 义
例 词
专有名词
表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称
jim , china, qingdao, the uk, the great wall
普通名词
可
数
名
词
个体名词
表示单个人的人或事物
girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country
集合 名词
表示一群人或一些事物的总称
people, police, team, clothes, group, crew
不
可
数
名
词
物质名词
表示无法分为个体的物质
water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli
抽象名词
表示抽象概念的词
fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care
注:
1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。
第一个字母必须大写。
专有名词前一般不加冠词。
2、由普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它不大写。
3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时,则变为可数名词,eg. beer( ) ----a beer ( ), work( )--- a work ( )
glass( )---a glass ( ), room( )---a room( )
二、 名词的数:
表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。
1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式:
可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”;复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。
名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化及其读音可依照下表:
当名词为:
词尾变化
读 音
例 词
一般情况
加s
在清辅音后读/s/
jeeps, pats , clocks
在浊辅音或元音后读/z/
boys, sofas, drawers
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词
加es
/iz/
watches, boxes, classes, brushes
以字母o结尾的单词
加s或es
/z/
zoos, photos, bamboos,
tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词
去y 变i加es
/z/
dictionaries, strawberries,
以f 或fe结尾的单词
去f或fe 变v 加 es
/vz/
leaves, wives, halves
以th结尾的词
加s
/ðz/; /θz/
mouths, paths; months,
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母
eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, mouse--mice
②单复数同形 eg. chinese-chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,…
③由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数
eg. a man doctor— men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers
注意:
有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式
eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, etc;
有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).
eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news
3. 不可数名词:
表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。
他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。
物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。
不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:
(1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。
eg. food 食物--- foods ( ),
time 时间 --- times ( ),green 绿色 ---greens 青菜
(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物
eg. hope ---hopes 希望 hardship --- hardships 艰苦
(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示
eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, …
例题解析:
举一反三,学的更轻松!
1. they got much _____ from those new books.
a. ideas b. photos c. news d. stories
have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
a. orange, orange b. oranges, oranges
c. oranges, orange d. orange, oranges
3. Every evening E r. king takes a _________ to his home .
a. 25 minutes’ walk b. 25 minute’s walk
c. 25 minute walk d. 25 minutes walk
4. An old _______ wants to see you.
a. people b. person c. the people d. the person
5. Help yourself to __________.
a. chickens and apples b. chickens and apple
c. chicken and apple d. chicken and apples
6. Oh, dear. Iforgot the two _________.
a. room’s number b. rooms’ number c. room numbers d. rooms’ numbers
7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.
a. family b. house c. home d. room
8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to shanghai .
and peter’s b. Mary and peter
’s and peter d. Mary’s and peter’s
9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.
a. her uncle b. her uncle’s c. her uncles d. aunt’s
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.
a. many experiences b. much experience
c. an experience d. a lot experience
练习与巩固:
熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
选择最佳答案:
1. Last night, there was a food accident. the _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.
a. child, lives b. children, life c. children, lives d. child, life
2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.
---ok, How happy they both looked!
a. my father and mother b. my mother and father's
c. my mother's and father's father's and my mother
3. The new student is in __________ , grade two.
a. class third b. third class c. class three d. three class
4. Today is september 10th. it's __________ day. let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
a. teachers b. teachers' c. the teachers' d. teacher's
5. The market isn't far from here. it's only _________ bicycle ride.
an hours' b. half an hour's c. half an hour d. an hour and a half
6. --- What would you like to drink, girls?
--- _________, please.
cup of coffee b. two cups of coffe
c. two cups of coffee d. two cups of coffees
7. During christmas, people get together and sing christmas songs for _________.
a. fun b. wishes c. interest d. thanks
8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.
a. child b. boy c. boys d. childs
9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.
a. two weeks b. two-weeks c. two weeks' d.
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