虚拟语气讲稿.docx
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虚拟语气讲稿.docx
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虚拟语气讲稿
虚拟语气
英语中有三种语气:
1。
直陈语气---表示所说的话是事实。
e.g.Iwenttothecinemalastnight.ChinaisinEastAsia.
2.祈使语气---表示所说的话是请求,命令。
e.g.Sitdown,please.
Comein,please.
3.虚拟语气---如果我们说的话不是事实,命令,劝告等,而是一种假设,愿望,建议,或是实现不了的空想,就用动词的虚拟语气形式。
虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。
1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式
条件状语从句
主句
与现在事实相反
If+主语+动词过去式(动词be一般用were)
主语
+should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
If+主语+had+过去分词
主语
+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反
A:
谓语动词用动词的过去式
B:
谓语用wereto+动词原形
C:
谓语用should+动词原形
主语
+should/would/could/might+动词原形
111)表示与现在事实相反
IfIwereyou,Ishouldn’tdothat.
Ifwehadtime,wewouldgowithyou.
2)表示与过去事实相反
e.g.Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
3)表示与将来事实相反
e.g.Ifitrained,thecropswouldbesaved.
Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.
4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
(混合虚拟)
e.g.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句说的是过去,主句说的是现在。
)
IfIwereyou,IwouldhavegonetoAustraliawithher.(从句是现在,主句是过去)
5)以上句型可以转换成下列形式:
a.if从句省略,用倒装句式”were,had,should+主语
e.g.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.
Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.
Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.
b.用介词短语(或客观事实)代替条件状语从句(含蓄的虚拟)
Withoutyourhelp/Butforyourhelp,wewouldnothavefinishedthistask.
=Ifyouhadnothelpedus,wewouldnothavefinishedthistask.
Hedidnotcomeyesterday,oryoumighthaveseenhim.
=Ifhehadcomeyesterday,youmighthaveseenhim.
Ourmonitorwasabsent,otherwiseIwouldnothavetakenthechair.
=
Ifourmonitorhadnotbeenabsent,Iwouldnothavetakenthechair.
Hewouldhavehelpedyou,buthe___was____(be)busythen.
Ifhehadnotbeensobusy,hewouldhavehelpedyou.
6)用于ifitwerenotfor…
表示同现在事实相反的假设,意为“如果没有”。
e.g.Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropsshould(would)die.
Ifithadnotbeenfor表示同过去事实相反的假设,意为“如果当时没有”
e.g.Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.
2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1)wish+宾语从句,表示不能实现的愿望。
从句的谓语动词形式
表示现在不能实现的愿望
动词过去式
表示过去不能实现的愿望
Had+过去分词/should/would/could/might+
have+过去分词
表示将来不能实现的愿望
should/would/could/might+动词原形
2)虚拟语气在动词suggest(建议),demand(要求),order(命令),
request(请求),command(命令),desire(渴望),insist坚持认为,propose建议,require要求等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+动词原形:
Isuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingtonight
Theyinsistedthatwe(should)startatonce.
注意:
A.insist
a.作“力言、强调”解时,不用虚拟语气
Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.
b.作“坚持(应该)解时,用虚拟语气
Iinsistedthatyou(should)givememymoneyback.
Heinsistedthathe_haddone_____(do)nothingwrongand__(should)beset__(set)freeatonce.
Theyinsistedthattheboy_wasinjured_____(injure)and_(should)besent_____(send)tothehospital.
B.suggest
a.作“暗示,表明”解时,不用虚拟语气
Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.
b.作“建议”解时,用虚拟语气
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startatonce.
Hisaccentsuggestedthathe__was___(be)fromAmerica.
3.虚拟语气用于表语从句/同位语从句
在advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”
e.g.Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.
Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.
4.虚拟语气用于asif,asthough引导的表语从句/方式状语从句
从句的谓语动词形式
与现在事实相反
动词过去式
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与将来事实相反
should/would/could/might+动词原形
e.g.HelooksatmeasifIweremad.
HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.
Itlooksasifitmightrain.
注意:
asif,asthough后面的从句也常用陈述语气
Itlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.
5.虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“(should)+动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、如此等。
1)It+be(is/was)+adj.(necessary,important,natural,desirable,advisable,strange,etc.)that+主语+(should)+动词原形
e.g.Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.
2)It+be(is/was)+n.(apity,ashame,nowonder,etc.)that+主语+(should)+动词原形
Itwasapitythatyou(should)besocareless.
3)It+be(is/was)+过去分词(desired,suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)that+主语+(should)+动词原形
Itwillbedesiredthatshe(should)finishherhomeworkthisafternoon.
注意:
1)在上述三种主语从句中,should意为“应该”,“竟然”,可以省去,但不可换用would。
主句所用动词的时态不限。
2).这种从句表示的是事实。
如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。
反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。
Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.
Itisapitythatyoucan’tswim.
6.虚拟语气用于定语从句
这种从句常用在 Itis/was(high)time(that)句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形(should不能省略,be用were)来表示,意为“(现在)该…”
e.g.Itistimeweshouldgohome.
Itistimewewenthome.
7.虚拟语气用于ifonly引导的感叹句:
从句的谓语动词形式
与现在事实相反
动词过去式
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与将来事实相反
Should/would/could/might动词原形
e.g.IfonlyIwereabird!
IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.
8.虚拟语气用于wouldrather后接从句:
从句的谓语动词形式
与现在事实相反
动词过去式
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与将来事实相反
动词过去式
e.g.I’dratheryoupaidmenow.
I’drathershehadn’tdonethat.
Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.
9.虚拟语气用于简单句
1)表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌,使语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。
Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.
Wouldyoubekindenoughtoopenthedoor?
2)用于一些习惯表达法中。
Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?
Youhadbettergonow.
3)用于表示“祝愿”、“但愿”。
Mayyoubehappy!
Mayyousucceed!
LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!
10.虚拟语气用于目的状语从句
inorderthat/sothat+can/could/may/might+动词原形
e.g.Mr.Fangspokeslowlysothatwecouldfollowhim.
11.虚拟语气用于lest/forfearthat/incase所引导的状语从句。
e.g.Hewasworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfallbehind
Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe_________,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.
A.didn’tsingB.can’tsingC.wouldn’tsing
Exercise
1.IfI_______(be)you,IwouldstudyFrenchharder.
2.Ididn’tknowheraddress.IfI_______(know)it,I__________(send)alettertoher.
3.Ifit________(rain),thesportsmeet__________(put)off.
4._______I________(see)Mr.Wuyesterday,I_________(ask)himaboutit.
5.Ifthey__________(get)everythingreadynow,sothings________(go)smoothlytomorrow.
6.Ifyou________(nothelp)melastnight,I__________(spend)thewholedaytomorrowcleaningmyrooms.
7._______you_______(tell)himaboutthisearlier,allthiswouldn’thavehappened.
8.IfI________(know)thatitwassuchahardjob,I__________(ask)Mr.Liforhelp.
9.IwouldhavetakenpartinyourpartyifI_________(notbe)sobusy.
10.IfIhadmoremoney,I_________(give)yousome.
11.Iwouldletyougotoschoolnowifit_______(notrain)sohard.
12.Iftheweather________(be)finebefore,thecornwouldbegrowingwellnow.
13.Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseI_________(take)partintheparty.
14._______I_______(see)themanageryesterday,I________(ask)himaboutit.
15.---Whydidn’tyoubuythebook?
Youlikeitsomuch.
---I________,butIhadlittlemoneywithme.
16.IfMike________(take)myadvice,he_________(notget)intotrouble.
17.IfI_______(work)harderatschool,Iwould________(sit)inacomfortableofficenow.
18.We_________(notfinish)theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.
19.Ifyou_________(study)hardatschool,you________(be)acollegestudentnow.
20.---MycarbrokedownwhenIwasleavingDetroitandIhadtotakethebus.
---______we_____(know),wewouldhavepickedyouup.
21.We_________(have)nothingiftheParty_______(notliberate)us.
22.What_______(happen)iftheearth________(be)alittleclosertothesun?
23.Mr.GreendemandedthatRose________(leave)classbeforenine.
24.HeinsistedthatTom_____(send)tothenearesthospital.
25.Sheinsistedthatshe_______(notsteal)thewallet.
26.HowIwishI_________(notmake)thatmistake,thenIcould_________(pass)theexam.
27.Ourheadmasterrequestedthateveryone________(be)present.
28.Iwishhe_________(nottalk)likethat,butIamsorryhedid.
29.Thedoctororderedthatshe_______(stay)inbedforafewdays.
30.Theydemandedthattheblackpeople________(treat)aswellaswhitepeople.
31.Iwishwe________(go)totheseasidetoday.
32.Isuggestedthatthemeeting_______(putoff).
33.Hisaccentsuggestedthathe______(be)fromSouthAmerica.
34.SheinsistedthatI________(help)her.
35.Itistimeyou________(have)yourtemperaturetaken.
36.Itisthethirdtimeyou_______(arrive)latethismonth.
37.IwouldratherJim______(be)nothere.
38.Whathesuggestedwasthattheinformation______(recheck).
39.Myadviceisthathe________(have)agoodrestbecauseofhispoorhealth.
40.Itisquiteimportantthatshe_______(keep)allthethingsaway.
41.Shelooksasifshe_________(lose)heart.
42.WhatthedoctoradvisedwasthatTom_________(take)awalkeverymorning.
43.We_________(have)ameetingtomorrowifthere______(be)nootherarrangements.
44.Howniceit________(be)ifI______(have)abrotherlikeyou!
45.Iinsistedthathe_______(stay)hereforanotherweekortwo.
46.Itisnecessarythattheproblem_________(settle)atonce.
47.HowIwishI________(notmake)thatmistake!
48.I’dratherhe_______(paint)itgreen.
49.Ifit_______(notbe)fortherain,thecrops_______(die).
50.IfonlyI_________(nottake)heradvice.
1.LookatthetroubleIamin!
IfonlyI________youradvice.
A.followed B.wouldfollow
C.hadfollowed D.shouldfollow
2.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI________inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
A.wouldn’thavefallen
B.hadnotfallen
C.shouldfall
D.weretofall
3.Sheinsistedthatshe________illofhimbehindhim,buthedidn’tbelieveit.
A.hadn’tspokenB.shouldn’tspeak
C.wouldn’tspea
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