1819模块综合检测4.docx
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1819模块综合检测4.docx
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1819模块综合检测4
18-19模块综合检测4
(总分值:
120分;时间:
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Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每题2分,总分值30分)
A
Wedonotusuallythinkabouthowourlanguageworks.Talkingissuchanatural,everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptoconsiderhowitactuallyworks.Whenwedostudyourlanguage,though,weareoftensurprisedthatweareabletounderstandourconversations.Wordscanmeansomanydifferentthings.However,itturnsoutthatthespeakingsituationhelpsalotinmakinglanguagework.
First,thespeakingsituationhelpsmakewordsmoreparticular.Forexample,theword〝dog〞candescribeadogthataspeakersawinadream.Itcanalsobeusedtodiscussaneighbor'sdog.Nolanguagehasaseparatewordfortheidea〝dogthatIsawyesterday〞andanotherwordfortheidea〝dogthatIsawinadream〞.Thisisbecausethespeakingsituationmakesitclearwhatspeakersmeanwhentheyusewords.So,whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourneighbor,theknowledgethatyouhaveadogtellsyourneighborwhattheword〝dog〞probablymeansinthatsituation.
Thespeakingsituationalsohelpsmakelanguageclearer.Forexample,theword〝bank〞hastwopossiblemeanings.Itcanmean〝aplacewherepeoplekeepmoney〞,butitcanalsomean〝thesideofariver〞.Sothesentence〝Iwenttothebank〞isnotclear.ItcouldmeanIwenttothesideoftheriveroritcouldmeanIwenttotheplacewheremymoneyiskept.However,ifthespeakeristalkingaboutfishingorgoingtothemountains,othersprobablyknowthat〝bank〞means〝thesideofariver〞.
Thethingsthatspeakerssaymaynotalwaysbeclear.Sometimesthewordsarenotveryparticular,butthespeakingsituationcanprovidethemeaning.Othertimeswordsmayhavemanymeanings.Thenthespeakingsituationlimitstherightmeaning.Thisextraknowledgefromthesituationisveryimportanttounderstandlanguage.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。
1.Thepassageismainlyabout________.
A、thebesttimeandplacetotalktoothers
B、howthespeakingsituationhelpslanguagework
C、whattosayindifficultsituations
D、howourlanguageworks
【解析】 主旨大意题。
本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。
应选B。
【答案】 B
2.Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelysaythat________.
A、thespeakingsituationdoesnotaffectthemeaningofwords
B、speakingisnotverynaturalformostpeople
C、thespeakingsituationisnotimportant
D、peopleoftendonotconsiderhowtalkingworks
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的〝Wedonotusuallythinkabouthowourlanguageworks.Talkingissuchanatural,everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptoconsiderhowitactuallyworks〞可知,选D。
【答案】 D
3.Byusingtheexampleoftheword〝dog〞,thewriterwantstoshowthat________.
A、awordmayneedtobeexplainedinaconversation
B、awordmayhavedifferentmeanings
C、thespeakingsituationhelpspeopleunderstandtheparticularmeaningofaword
D、themeaningofwordsisnotparticular
【解析】 推理判断题。
根据第二段的第一句话〝First,thespeakingsituationhelpsmakewordsmoreparticular〞和下文的〝Forexample〞可知,下文正是用dog一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话。
应选C。
【答案】 C
B
【导学号:
94912048】
It'stheuniversalcryofparents.〝Getajob!
〞Soliman'smothertoldSolimanontheseconddayofhiscollegebreaks.
Afteryearsofdeliveringfurnitureforhismother'sstore,heknewmanypeoplehadthingstheywantedtogetridof.Ifheborrowedhismom'struck,hecouldmakealittlemoneybycarryingawaytheirgarbage.
Onenight,Solimancameupwithanameforhisnewbusiness—CollegeHunksHaulingJunk.Headvertisedthenextday,andwithinhours,hisphonerang.HeaskedhisfriendFriedmantohelp.Theymade$220inthreehoursbycleaningoutawoman'sgarbage.SolimanandFriedmanearned$10,000thatsummer.Butthetwoweren'treadytobecomefulltimegarbagemenaftergraduation.〝Weweretrainedtofinishcollegeandgetagoodjob,〞saysSoliman,whofirstworkedataresearchfirm.Friedmanbecameaneconomicanalyst.
Afterworkingforthefirmandthecompanyforawhile,bothofthemchangedtheirminds.Theyquittheirjobsandrestartedtheirbusiness,buthadtroublefindingabankwillingtolendthemmoney.〝Withinmonths,〞saysFriedman,〝wewereprettyupset.〞Atlast,onebankriskedlendingthem$50,000.Atfirst,theylostmoney.Onecustomeraskedthemtodealwithadozengarbagecansfilledwithconstructiongarbage.Theymeasuredthejobbyvolumeinsteadofbyweightandchargedjust$130.〝Thecansweresoheavythatittookustwoandahalfhours,〞saysSoliman,〝anditcostusmorethan$250tocarrytheload.〞
However,thetoughexperiencetaughtthemalesson.Theyreducedthecostofunloadingbyrecyclingmetalsandelectronics.Justfouryearslater,theyrananationwidecompanythatearned$3millionin2019.〝IfiguredifNickandIfailed,we'dlearnedmorefromfailingthanfromnottryingatall,〞saysSoliman.
【语篇解读】 Soliman通过为妈妈的商店运家具,了解到许多人有不想要的东西。
于是他有了一个想法——通过运送别人不想要的东西来挣钱。
他和朋友开始创业时遇到了一些困难,但是通过不懈的努力以及分析和总结,最后他们终于成功了。
4.WhatdoesSolimanfindwhenhelpingtodeliverfurniture?
A、Someparentswanttheirkidstoworkatcollegebreaks.
B、Manyfamilieshavethingstheydon'twanttokeep.
C、Hismom'struckworkswellincarryingheavyfurniture.
D、It'shardtomakemoneybycarryingawaythegarbage.
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的〝Afteryearsofdeliveringfurnitureforhismother'sstore,heknewmanypeoplehadthingstheywantedtogetridof〞可知,Soliman在为母亲的商店运送家具之后,他了解到很多人有他们不想要的东西。
应选B。
【答案】 B
5.WhatmakesSolimanthinkofstartinghisnewbusiness?
A、Hisworkingexperienceinhismother'sstore.
B、Hisstrongdesiretomakeuseofthegarbage.
C、Hishatredforpeople'sthrowingawaythings.
D、Hismuchavailabletimeatcollegebreaks.
【解析】 推理判断题。
根据第二段的〝Ifheborrowedhismom'struck,hecouldmakealittlemoneybycarryingawaytheirgarbage〞可知,当他知道很多人都有不想要的东西时,他就想到如果他借妈妈的卡车来运走这些不想要的东西,他就可以挣到钱。
所以这种想法应该是他帮妈妈做事时想到的。
应选A。
【答案】 A
6.HowdidSolimanandFriedmancutthecostofthecompany?
A、Byfillingthecanswithmoregarbage.
B、Bymeasuringthejobbyvolume.
C、Byreducingtheworkinghours.
D、Byrecyclingsomethinguseful.
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段的〝Theyreducedthecostofunloadingbyrecyclingmetalsandelectronics〞可知,他们通过循环利用金属和电子设备来减少运载的费用。
应选D。
【答案】 D
7.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?
A、Easiersaidthandone.
B、Nothingsucceedslikesuccess.
C、Twoheadsarebetterthanone.
D、Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.
【解析】 推理判断题。
通读全文可知,Soliman和朋友在创业阶段很不顺,但是通过坚持不懈的努力以及分析和总结,最后他们终于获得了成功。
这个故事也验证了这句名言:
有志者事竟成。
应选D。
【答案】 D
C
Mostpeoplewhomovetoaforeigncountryorculturemaygothroughsomeformofcultureshock,anditsdegreeisdeterminedbythedifferencesbetweencultures,theanxietytoadapttoanewcultureandthefamiliaritywithanewculture,etc.Ifyougo,forexample,toaculturethatisfardifferentfromyourown,you'relikelytoexperiencecultureshockmoresharplythanthosewhomovetoanewcultureknowingthelanguageandthecustomsofit.
Itisimportanttounderstandandlearnhowtodealwithcultureshockifyouadaptsuccessfullytoyournewhome'sculture.Therearefourgeneralstagesofculturaladjustment,andbeingawareofthemhelpsyouunderstandthatcultureshockwon'tlastlong.It'sjustaprocessyouaregoingthroughratherthanaconstantsituation.
Thefirststageisusuallyreferredtoasthe〝honeymoon〞stage.Uponarrivinginanewenvironment,you'llbeinterestedinthenewculture.Everythingwillseemthrillingandeveryonewillseemfriendlyandhelpful.Duringthisstageyouaremerelytakingintheseimpressionspassively.
Butitisn'tlongbeforethehoneymoonstagegiveswaytothesecondstage—thewithdrawalstage.Theexcitementyoufeltbeforeisgoneandtheproblemsarise.Thelanguageishardtolearn;peopleareunusualandunpredictable;friendsarehardtomake;andsimplethingslikeshoppingandgoingtothebankarechallenges.Itisatthisstagethatyouarelikelytofeelanxiousandhomesick,andyouwillprobablyfindyourselfcomplainingaboutthenewcultureorcountry.Thisisthestagecalled〝cultureshock〞.
Atsomepoint,ifyoucanmanageitwell,you'llbeginthetransitionintothenextstage,the〝recovery〞stage,inwhichyou'llfeelmoreconfidentfunctioninginthenewculture.Customsandtraditionsareclearerandeasiertounderstand.Atthisstage,you'lldealwithnewchallengeswithhumorratherthananxiety.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了来到异国他乡的人们多多少少会遇到一些文化冲击,他们在文化适应的过程中往往要经历四个阶段,了解这些阶段可以让人们明白:
文化冲击只是阶段性的,不会持久。
8.Accordingtothepassage,cultureshockcanbe________.
A、dealtwithmoreeasilyforsomepeople
B、reducedbylearningthelanguagealone
C、avoidedbyknowingadjustmentstages
D、gotridofbylearningjustthecustoms
【解析】 根据第一段最后一句中的〝you'relikelytoexperiencecultureshockmoresharplythanthosewhomovetoanewcultureknowingthelanguageandthecustomsofit〞可推断,文化冲击对于某些人来说比较容易处理。
应选A项。
【答案】 A
9.The〝honeymoon〞stagehererefersto________.
A、thefirstmonthafterthewedding
B、theperiodofexcitement
C、thestageofadaptation
D、theholidayforanewlymarriedcouple
【解析】 根据第三段第【二】三句〝Uponarrivinginanewenvironment,you'llbeinterestedinthenewculture.Everythingwillseemthrilling...〞可推断,〝honeymoon〞是一个令人兴奋的阶段。
故B项正确。
【答案】 B
10.Whichofthefollowingdoesn'tbelongtothesecondstage?
A、Becomingupset.
B、Missingfamily.
C、Feelingconfident.
D、Makingcomplaints.
【解析】 根据第四段第四句〝Itisatthisstagethatyouarelikelytofeelanxiousandhomesick,andyouwillprobablyfindyourselfcomplainingaboutthenewcultureorcountry.〞可知,A、B、D三项均是第二阶段的表现。
应选C项。
【答案】 C
11.Whatwouldbeprobablydiscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?
A、Consequencesofcultureshock.
B、Challengesinanewcountry.
C、Preparationsforanewculture.
D、The4thstageofculturaladjustment.
【解析】 根据第二段第二句中的〝Therearefourgeneralstagesofculturaladjustment〞以及文章已谈到了〝honeymoon〞〝thewithdrawalstage〞和〝recovery〞这三个阶段可推知,接下来应该要讨论文化适应的第四个阶段。
应选D项。
【答案】 D
D
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