被动语态讲解及练习附答案72881.docx
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被动语态讲解及练习附答案72881.docx
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被动语态讲解及练习附答案72881
被动语态讲解
一、被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,
be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时
例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.
2)has/havebeendone现在完成时
例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.
3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时
例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.
4)was/weredone一般过去时
例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.
5)hadbeendone过去完成时
例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.
6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时
例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.
7)shall/willbedone一般将来时
例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.
8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时
例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.
9)shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时(少用)
例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为:
情态动词+be+过去分词。
例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.
2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.
可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.
3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.
可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.
4)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.
可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.
3.非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。
例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.
二、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型
Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,
Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,
Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,
Itissuggestedthat…据建议。
例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.
(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)
三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.
注意:
主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:
Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)
Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:
happen,takeplace,comeout,cometrue,等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Howdothenewspaperscomeout这些报纸是如何印出来的呢
3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable
四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1.在need,want,require,等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房子需要修理。
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.
(=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.)
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.
(todo与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。
)
试比较:
I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted
(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。
)
被动语态专项练习
选择题
anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?
A.Is;builtB.Was;built
C.Does;buildD.Did;build
accident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappened
C.ishappenedD.happened
____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrownB.aregrown
C.growsD.grow
far,themoon____bymanalready.
A.isvisitedB.willbevisited
C.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited
talkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives
lotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoingB.arebeingdone
C.hasbeendoneD.willbedone
doctor_____foryet.
A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensent
C.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent
___thiskindofcomputer______?
--Lastyear.
A.did;useB.was;used
C.is;usedD.are;used
_____thisbook_____?
A.did;writtenB.was;writtenby
C.did;writtenD.was;written
____showmehernewdictionary.
A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedto
C.isaskedD.asksto
story_____byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtous
C.istoldusD.toldus
monkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump
people____well.
A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafter
C.mustlookafterD.lookedafter
teacher______carefully.
A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelisten
C.belistenedD.islistened
15.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar.
A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served
16.Itwasreportedthatthemurderer_______arrested.
A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.had
17.Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?
A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompleted
C.hadbeencompletedD.isbeingcompleted
18.Greatchanges_______inChinasincethePeople’sRepublicofChina_______in1949.
A.havetakenplace;wasfoundedB.hastakenplace;wasfounded
C.havebeentakenplace;foundedD.tookplace;founded
19.—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?
—Shehas_______byherclassmates.
A.laughedB.laughedat
C.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat
20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
21.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.
A.betakencareB.betakencareof
C.takecareD.takecareof
22.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.
A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begiven
23.I___tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.
A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven
24.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?
A.preventfromB.preventedfrom
C.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom
25.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuilt
C.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
26.Thisbike________lastyear.
A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenbought
27.Didyouseethehousethat_______byfirelastyear?
A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyed
28.It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.
A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.isn’tdeciding
C.doesn’tdecideD.hasn’tdecided
29.Thepen_______me.Itishers.
A.isn’tbelongtoB.wasn’tbelongto
C.doesn’tbelongtoD.didn’tbelongto
30.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.
A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepaired
C.willrepairD.wasrepairing
31.Thechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe______tospeakalittlelouderso
astomakeherself_____.
A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hear.
Chadhoped;hearD.washoped;heard
32.—Thewindowisdirty.
—Iknow.It_____forweeks.
A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tclean
C.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned
33.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_______in
Beijing.
A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompleted
C.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted
34.—Howlong_______atthisjob?
—Since1990.
A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployed
C.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed
35.—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?
—_______.
A.Theyweredestroyedintheearthquake
B.Theearthquakewasdestroyingthem
C.Theydestroyedintheearthquake
D.Theearthquakedestroyedthem
36.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_______tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.
A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling
37.Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.
A.cutB.arecut
C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut
38.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_______sorapidly.
A.ischangingB.haschangedC.
C.willhavechangedD.willchange
39.Hundredsofjobs_______ifthefactorycloses.
A.loseBwillbelost
C.arelostD.willlose
40.Anewcinema_______here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.
A.willbebuiltB.isbuilt
C.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt
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