飘.docx
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飘.docx
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飘
Introduction
ThemasterpieceGonewiththeWindwhichwaswrittenbyMargaretMitchell,whoisarealisticwriter.MargaretMitchellwasborninAtlanta,Georgia,alawyer’sfamilyatNovember8,1900.DuringtheCivilWar,AtlantafellintothehandsofShulmanwhowasthegeneralofthenorthernarmy.Later,itbecameapopulartopicamongAtlantaresidents.Sincechildhood,MargaretMitchellwouldalwayshearabouttheCivilWaramongtheresidents.When26-year-oldMargaretdecidedtocreateanovelabouttheCivilWar,andAtlantabecamethebackgroundofthenovel.Thestoryhappenedduringthecivilwar.AgirlnamedScarlettO’Hara,notverybeautifulbutcharming,fellinlovewithAshley.Unfortunately,AshleymarriedMelanie.JustforclosetoAshley,ScarlettmarriedMelanie’selderbrother,CharlieHamilton,amansheneverloved.Afterseveralunluckymarriages,ScarlettfinallymarriedRhettBultlerwhoshemetatAshley’swedding,andtheyexperiencedaverytortuousromanticstory.
Thismasterpiececausedasensationintheworldandthecriticshelddifferentviewstothisnovel.SomepeoplelikeDingYunthought,“itisanovelwritingforwomenandstartingwiththevisionofwomen”.1Forhalfacentury,GonewiththeWindwasinherentintheprofoundthemes:
culturalchanges,theimportanceofthelandandsoon.Therearemanyarticlesaboutthisnovel,especiallyonthepersonalityofScarlett.Ihadacrashonthisnovel,whichgavemenotonlythebeautyinScarlett,butthewholeviewofAmericaduringtheCivilWar.Therefore,IwantedtoknowmoreaboutAmericaandthisoutstandingnovel.I’dliketostudytheAmericancorevaluesandtheAmericanspiritwhichwascontainedinthisnovel.
Thethesisconsistsofsixparts.Inthefirstpart,itgivesabriefintroductionofGonewiththeWind,thereasonforraisingthistopicandtheframeworkofthethesis;thesecondpartisliteraturereview,whichincludesthepreviousstudiesbothathomeandabroadonGonewiththeWind;thethirdpartistheAmericancorevalues,whichincludestheindividualism,heroism,realismandmammonism;thefourthpartisAmericanspirit,whichincludestheindomitablespirit,theentrepreneurialspiritandthepioneeringspirit;thefifthpartistheinfluenceoftheAmericanvaluesandAmericanspiritonthisnation,whichgivesabriefsummaryofthelasttwopartsanddiscussestheeffectoftheAmericanvaluesandAmericanspirit.Thesixthpartistheconclusion,whichgivesthesignificanceofthisthesis,theimperfectionofthisthesisandmyhopeforlaterstudiesonGonewiththeWind.
LiteratureReview
GonewiththeWindisamasterpieceintheworldliterature.Andtherearemanydissertationsandperiodicalstalkingaboutthisnovel.SomepeoplethinkthatGonewiththeWindisanovelwhichplaysanimportantroleinAmericanhistoryeveninothernations’history.Somepeoplejustregardthisnovelasaromanticnovelwhichisasordinaryasotherromanticnovelsandhasnomeaningtoexplore.
1ThePreviousStudiesofGonewiththeWindAbroad
Gonewiththewindisanoutstandingnovel,whichwaspublishedin1936andadaptedintoafilmin1939.Fromthenon,manycriticsandscholarshaveshowedtheirinterestsinthisnovelanditsauthor.SomepeoplethoughtthatGonewiththeWindisamasterpieceandothersthoughtthatGonewiththeWindisjustaromanticlovestory.SomecriticsthoughtthatGonewiththeWindwasstandingatacontrarydirectionofthehistoricaltrend,whichnegatedthesignificanceofCivilWar.What’morewasthatScarlettwhoisaprincessoftheslaveryplantationownerinMargaret’novelwasshapedwithsympathyandpraise,whichreflectedsomepoliticissues.ThisnovelwontheawardofAmericaNationalBookandtheawardofPulitzerinthesecondyear.Suchagreatsuccessachievedinthemarkethadnotbeenacorrespondingnovelinthefiledofcritics.AlthoughOxfordHandbookofAmericanLiterature(NewYork,1956)hadcolletedtheinformationofthisbookanditsauthor,therewerefewcommentsonthisnovelinsomeimportantworks.IntheModernAmericanNovel•CommentsCopywriting(NewYork,1963),ithadnorelatedcontentaboutGonewiththeWind.IntheAmericanAuthorsandWorksfrom1640toNow(NewYork,1962),itcommentedthatthisbookwasthebestsellerinthattime.Allinall,thisnovel,GonewiththeWind,arousedheatedcontroversyfromdifferentaspectsandhadprofoundeffects.
2ThePreviousStudiesofGonewiththeWindatHome
Astimegoesby,moreandmoreChinesescholarsstartedtoshowtheirinterestinstudyingthisnovel.However,italsoarousedheatedcontroversywhenthenovelwaspublishedbyPeople’sPublishingofZhejiangin1979.Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandthechangingofthepolicyincultureandeducation,moreandmorepeoplebegantoacceptthisnovelandmakecommentsonthisnovel,suchasTheAnalysisoftheThemeinGonewiththeWindwrittenbyZhaoQiujin,AppreciationofScarlett’spersonalitywrittenbySongXiaoboandsoon.Thetopicsimilarastheforeignscholarsisaboutthepersonality,theinfluence,theCivilWarandanythingelse.AndthereareafewworkstalkingabouttheAmericancorevaluesandAmericanspirit.
ⅠTheAmericanCoreValues
TherearemanyAmericancorevaluesinthisthesis,whichplaysanimportantroleintheirhistory.Inthisthesis,I’dliketotalkaboutthefourcorevalues,individualism,heroism,realismandmammonism.
1.1Individualism
Individualismstressesthepersonal,whichisobviousinthisnovel.AsoneoftheAmericancorevalues,italsoplaysanimportantroleinAmericanhistory.
1.1.1ABriefIntroductiontoIndividualism
Theindividualismisaproductofthedevelopmentofwesternculture.WhenTocquevillewasonhishistoricvisitinAmericaintheearly1730s,individualismwasanewopinionforhimwhichwasjustbeencreatedbythepeopleofhisgeneration.Inhisopinion,individualismwasaweirdvocabularywhichexpressedanewidea.Theelderpeopleonlyknewself-centered,selfishness.Althoughitwashardforhimtosupportindividualism,hecoulddiffertheindividualismfromselfishness.Inhisopinion,selfishnesswasakindoflovewhichwasmightyandexaggerated,whichletpeopleconnectedthemselveswitheverythingandputthemselvesoneverything.Howeverindividualismwasakindofemotion,maturityormitigation.TherehadbeenoneandahalfcenturysinceTocquevillehadmadetheobservationaboutthis.Nowindividualismhasmadeastrongimageandbeenacceptedasavalueprinciple.Asatheory,individualismiscreatedwiththetheoryofsocialequality,whichgothardlyfromthenoblepeoplebythecommonpeople.Fromthemiddleagestomoderntimes,theindividualsufferedaprocessofliberationstepbystep.Thefirstistheliberationfromthepowerofgod.Thesecondistheliberationfromthepoweroftheman.Inotherwords,self-centeredisthefirstprocessandtheindividualismisthesecondprocess.Finally,theholinessoftheindividualbecomethecustomandthelaw,andthemoderndemocracyisthelegalizationoftherightoftheindividual.Allinall,individualismisakindofphilosophywhichconnectwithmorality,politicandsociety.Itthinksthatthepersonalinterestsisaboveallelseandtherightsoftheindividualandtheindividualfreedomareit’scoreelements.
1.1.2TheIndividualismContainedinGonewiththeWind
ItiseasytofindthateverycharacterinGonewiththeWindisareflectionofthepeopleinthatagesandeverycharacterisaspecialandimportantonefortheauthortoshapethisnovelandtoexpressherfeelingsaboutthatages.Itisobviousthateverycharacterhassomethingmoreorlessabouttheindividualism.Forexample,thelovefortheirhomeandfreedomthatallcanreflectanaspectoftheindividualism.
I’dliketomaketheScarlettasthesymbolofindividualism.Scarlett,whocangetwhatshewantsbyallmeans,alwaysputherinterestsaboveallelse.Scarlettissoself-centeredthatshewishallmentobekeenonherevenifshedoesn’tlikethem.Shejustputsherselfaboveallelseandpaysnoattentiontoothers.InScarlett’sopinion,sheiswellmeanseverythingisgood.Shejustlikethesunoftheworld.Noonecanchangeherthoughtandeveryonemustbearoundher.ThisisoneofthereasonsformetosaythatScarlettisthesymbolofindividualism.WhenTarawasintrouble,Scarlettusedallmeanstosaveherhome.Forachievedheraim,shepretendedtojoinFanny’sweddingandthenwenttothejailtoborrowmoneyfromRhettBultler.HoweverRhettdidnotaccepthertrick,sosheputhereyeonhislittlesister’sfiance,FrankKennedy.FinallyshemarriedtoFrankandachievedheraimforsavingTaraandhavingagoodlife.Scarlettissoself-centered,sheeveraskedAsheleytoabandonMelanietocomewithher.Forherlove,sheevenplanedtoabandonherhome,herrelativesandherland.AllthatarebecauseScarlettisapersonwhoisselfishnessandsheistheexampleoftheindividualism.
1.2Heroism
ThebackgroundofthisnovelisbeforeandaftertheCivilWar.Franklyspeaking,itisagoodchancetodevelopsuchvalue.Althoughdifferentpeoplehasdifferentopinionsonheroism,thisnovelstressestheaspectoffightingfortheirhome.
1.2.1ABriefIntroductiontoHeroism
Heroismreferstothepeoplewhohasthespiritaboutunwillingtofallbehindothersandunwillingtoacceptordinarylifeandjobs.Thosepeopletendstopracticesomeuniqueideasanddoesnottakeothers’ideasintoconsideration.Iftheyhavetheiraimsmadesure,theycandoitwithoutanyhesitation.Theheroismhastwotypes.Oneistherevolutionaryheroism;theotheristhepersonalheroism.Heroismalsoisakindof
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