高考英语考纲必背的词汇和句型.docx
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高考英语考纲必背的词汇和句型.docx
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2020-06-02原文
2020高考英语考纲必背的词汇和句型
【考纲词汇必背】
高三备考的冲刺阶段是知识由厚到薄的阶段,是知识的提炼、浓缩、内化和升华阶段。
就高三英语最后的备考冲刺阶段而言,考纲词汇就是一个基础知识的集成。
认真研究考纲词汇并以此为突破口进行知识的总结、梳理是个捷径。
高考中所有的基础知识都融入在考纲词汇里。
考纲词汇是最后"扫盲"的抓手,是救命的稻草。
我拿考纲词汇来拯救你——高三考生!
(一)考纲内较难拼写的单词(考前必背)
1.advantage2.adventure3.agriculture4.although5.announce-announcement6.apologize7.assistant8.astonish9.attempt10.attention11.Australian12.autumn13.average14.baggage-luggage15.biscuit16.blanket17.broadcast18.bucket19.butcher20.Canadian21.chemistry22.chimneymunism-communistpanion25.companypare27.congratulationposition29.conductor30.construction31.continent32.convenient-convenience33.cupboard34.cushion35.curious36.dangerous37.delicious38.description39.determination40.diologue41.diamond42.dictation43.dictionary44.difference45.difficulty46.disappointment47.discussion48.education49.electric-electricity50.encouragement51.engineer52.entrance53.especially54.European55.examination56.excellent57.expensive58.experience59.experiment60.explanation61.expression62.extremely63.familiar64.favourite65.February66.fortunately67.fountain68.frighten69.frequently70.furniture71.garage72.generation73.general74.geography75.government76.gradually77.graduate78.grammar79.handkerchief80.handsome81.headache82.honest83.honour84.immediate85.importance86.impossible87.information88.institute89.instruction90.international91.interrupt92.introduce93.invitation94.jacket95.January96.journey97.kindergarten98.kilometer99.kitchen100.knowledge101.language102.league103.lecture104.length105.librarian106.loaf107.magazine108.majority109.marriage110.mathematics111.merchant112.minister113.monitor114.mountainous115.museum116.nationality117.November118.nowadays119.object120.official121.operation122.opposite123.organiz(s)e124.ordinary125.otherwise126.particular127.passage128.passenger129.patient130.persuade131.personal132.picnic133.pleasant134.pleasure135.pollution136.population137.possession138.practical139.precious140.probably141.production142.pronounce143.pronunciation.144.pump145.purpose146.quantity147.realis(z)e148.recognize149.restaurant150.revolution151.rubbish152.sandwich153.satisfaction154.Saturday155.scientific156.secretary157.sentence158.September159.shoulder160.similar161.situation162.slightly163.socialism-socialist164.society165.southern166.splendid167.standard168.stomach169.straight170.strength171.struggle172.suddenly173.technical-technique174.temperature175.terrible176.thousand177.tomato178.tractor179.translate180.umbrella181.understand182.universe183.university184.usually185.vacation186.valuable187.variety188.vegetable189.voyage190.Wednesday191.whisper192.wonderful
(二)考纲内可以具体化的抽象名词
1.manner态度—manners礼貌2.interest兴趣—interests利益 3.good益处---goods货物4.force力量—forces军队5.beauty美丽---abeauty一个美人(美物)
6.difficulty困难—adifficulty难事 7.character性格—aChinesecharacter汉字 8.experience经验----anexperience经历
9.exercise锻炼、运动—exercises体操、练习 10.failure失败—afailure失败的人或事11.friendship友谊—afriendship一段友情 12.pleasure乐趣—apleasure一件乐事13.spirit精神—inhighspirits情绪高 14.surprise惊奇---asurprise一件奇事 15.success成功---asuccess一个成功的人或事16.relation关系---arelation亲戚17.youth青春---ayouth一个青年人 18.time时间---times时代、次数、倍数
(三)考纲内可以变成可数名词的物质名词
1.chalk粉笔---somecolouredchalks 2.chicken鸡肉---chickens小鸡 3.glass玻璃—aglass一个玻璃杯 4.hair头发---severalhairs几根头发5.light光—lights灯
6.fish鱼肉---fishes几种鱼7.fruit水果—fruits几种水果 8.food食物—foods几种食物 9.iron铁—aniron一个熨斗10.sand沙子—sands沙滩11.paper纸—papers报纸、考卷、论文
12.water水---waters海(江、河)水 13.wood木头—woods树林14.work-工作--works工厂、著作、工艺品15.silk丝—silks丝织品 16.cloth布---clothes衣服17.tea茶—teas几种茶18.green绿色—greens青菜
(四)考纲内形容词和副词词义有区别的词
1.loud出声地---loudly吵闹地 2.close接近地—closely仔细3.late迟---lately最近 4.wide广阔的---widely广泛地 5.sharp正,指时刻—sharply锐利地 6.hard努力地---hardly几乎不 7.free免费—freely自由地 8.high表空间---highly表程度 9.deep表深度---deeply表程度
(五)考纲内宾语不同,意义也不同的动词
考纲内有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。
它们是高考试题的考查重点。
这类词主要有:
goondoing(继续干同一件事)goontodo(接着去干另一件事)
stopdoingsth.(停止正在干的事)stoptodosth.(停下来去干某事)
regretdoing(后悔干了某事)regrettodo(相当于besorrytodo)
forget/rememberdoing(忘记/记得已做过的事)
forget/remembertodo(忘记/记得要干的事)
meandoing(意味着干……)meantodo(想干……)
trydoing(尝试做)trytodo(设法做)
(六)考纲内可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同的动词
考纲内某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。
如:
Weforbidsmokinghere.(宾语)Weforbidyoutosmokehere.(宾补)Youareforbiddentosmokehere.(主补)
(七)考纲内宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同的动词
有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义),可与worth,worthy一并记忆。
两种形式意义相同。
如:
Theroomrequirestobecleaned/cleaning.
(八)考纲内只接不定式作宾语的动词和词组
只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:
decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,makeuponesmind,used,beabout,beable,have等。
(九)考纲内只接动名词作宾语的词和词组
只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:
mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feellike,lookforwardto,canthelp,keep(on),miss,beusedto,excuse,beworth,imagine,putoff,giveup等。
(十)考纲内的系动词
系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:
表感观的系动词:
look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语)
表变化的系动词:
become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run
表依旧的系动词:
remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold
可带名词作表语的系动词:
be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。
(十一)考纲内含"被动"意味的动词
有些动词,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull,clean,add,cook,let(出租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义。
(十二)考纲内具有两种形式的易混动词
有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混。
如:
hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)
hang,hung,hung(挂起)
light,lit,lit(点燃,作谓语)
light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓"燃烧着的",作定语)
drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓"醉的",drunk多作表语,drunken多作定语)
sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)
bear,bore,born(出生)
bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)
Thewoman,whowasbornin1940,hasbornefivechildren.
lie(撒谎),lied,lied,lyinglie(躺,卧,位于)
lay,lain,lying
【考纲句型必背】
【1】doubt
1.Thereisnodoubtthat...
Thereisnodoubtthathewillpasstheexam.
2.否定+doubtthat...
Ihavenodoubtthathewillpasstheexam.
3.doubtwhether...
Idoubtwhetherhewillkeephisword.
【2】 wonder
1.Itisnowonder(that)=Nowonder(that)...(难怪,一点都不奇怪)
Nowonderthathehaspassedtheexamination.
2.wonderthat
Iwonderthatyouweren’tinjured.
3.wonderwh....
Iwonderwhathappened.
【3】need
1.Thereis(no)needtodosth.
Thereisnoneedforyoutowait.
Isthereanyneedtoexplainfurther?
Isthereanyneedforfurther?
2.need+doing
TheTVneedsmendingagain.=TheTVneedstobemendedagain.
3.need+名+done
Ineedmypapertypewritten.[来源:
学+科+网Z+X+X+K]
【4】use
Itis(of)nousedoing=Itisnousetodo=Thereisnousedoing(做……也是徒劳的)
Itisnouseadvisinghim.=Itisnousetoadvisehim.=Thereisnouseadvisinghim.
【5】sense
Thereisnosenseindoingsth.
Thereisnosenseincriticizinghim.
【6】point
Thereisnopointindoingsth.
Thereisnotmuchpoint(in)arguinganyfurther.
【7】spend
1.spend+n+on...
Hespentallhissavingsonanewcar.
2.spend+n+(in)doingsth
Ispendmysparetimegoingcycling.
【8】prefer
1.prefer+n/doing+(to+n)/doing...
Iwouldpreferplayingoutdoorstowatchingtelevision.
2.prefer+todo+ratherthan+(to)do...
Iprefertogothemoviesratherthan(to)stayhome.=Iprefergoingtothemoviestostayinghome.
3.prefer+n+todo...
Theypreferredtheirsontogotocollege.
4.preferthat....
WouldyoupreferthatI(should)gowithyou?
=Wouldyouprefermetogowithyou?
5.prefer+n
Hepreferredchargesagainsttheownerofthenoisyfactory.
【9】have
1.have+n+do...
Ihadhimarrangeforacar.
2.have+n+doing
Hehaduslaughingallthroughlunch.
3.have+n+done(让别人做某事)
Imusthavemyhaircut.
Ihadourphototakenbyapasser-by.=Wehadapasser-bytakeourphoto.
4.have+n+done(表主语的某种经历)
Shehadherbagsnatchedawayonherwayhome.
It’seasytohaveyourpocketpickedinacrowdlikethis.
5.havesthtobedone(主语不是动作的执行者,问话的人是执行者。
)
Tom,doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?
6.havesthtodo(主语是未来动作的执行者)
Ihavesomeworktodo.
7.havedifficulty(in)doingsth
【10】make
1.make+n+do
Shemadeherchildrenwashtheirhandsbeforeeating.
2.makeoneselfheard/understoodetc
Ihadtospeakloudtomakemyselfheard.
HehaspoorEnglishpronunciation,sohecan’tmakehimselfunderstood.
3.make+n+adj[n]
Hisgiftmadeherveryhappy.
Pleasemakeyourselfcomfortable.
Nobodycouldmakehimabetterwifethanshedoes.
4.make+n(有素质成为……,能成为……)
Shewillmakeagoodteacher.
Thispieceofclothwillmakeaskirt.
【11】do
1.doas...asonecan/possible
Wemustdoasmuchaswecantomakeourcommunitybetter.
2.dowhat/everything/allIcantodosth
Wewilldoeverything/whatwecantosaveourcity.
3.doone’sbesttodosth
Alltheotherpupilsdotheirbesttohelphergetontoabuswithoutaticket.
【12】take
1.take+名+副词 把……视为……; 认为;以为。
Hetookhersmileforagreement.(他把她的微笑视为同意。
)
Youmusttakeusasyoufindus.(你认为我们是什么样的人,就是什么样的人。
)
2.take+it+that… 以为……
Itakeitthatheknewthefacts.(我以为他知道事实。
)
3.Ittakessb.sometimetodosomething
Ittakesusthirtyminutestowalkfromheretothestation.=Ittakesthirtyminutesforustowalkfromheretothestation.
4.Ittakessb.somemoneytobuysomething
Ittookhimalotofmoneytobuyherafurcoat.=Ittookalotofmoneyforhimtobuyherafurcoat.
5.take…for… 把……当作……;视……为……
ItookyouforMr.White.(我错把你看成了怀特先生。
)
【13】way
1.Thewaytodosth./thewayofdoingsth.
Therearealot
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