逻辑简图1.docx
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逻辑简图1.docx
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逻辑简图1
昨天做到南丁格尔那篇,感觉好难啊,虽然通篇读下来就知道说了些什么,每段的内容,但是后面的题目怎么都那么BT啊,全部都是要想了又想的,居然还是7道题!
我倒。
结果错了4道,看后面暴长的解释看的我头痛死了,迟迟都没法睡着。
其实不难,因为OG没在身边,我刚才专门下载了RC,找出这篇给你做个示范,怎么看,看什么,怎么找,找什么:
1)TworecentpublicationsofferdifferentassessmentofthecareerofthefamousBritishnurseFlorenceNightingale.(主题句,由此句和三段首句可知本文是结论解释型文章,即主要特点是总分式)AbookbyAnneSummers(观点之一)seekstodebunk(负评价的实义动词)theidealizationsandpresentareality(正评价词)atoddswithNightingale’sheroicreputation.AccordingtoSummers,Nightingale’simportanceduringtheCrimeanWar(和观点二比较的差别点)hasbeenexaggerated(负评价的实义动词):
notuntilnearthewar’senddidshebecomesupervisorofthefemalenurses.Additionally,(递进副词,表示行文方向一致,因此后面内容可以略读,仅提炼关键词即可,或不读)Summerswritesthatthecontributionofthenursestothereliefofthewoundedwasatbestmarginal.Theprevailingproblemsofmilitarymedicinewerecausedbyarmyorganizaitonalpratices,andtheadditionofafewnursestothemedicalstaffcouldbenomorethansymbolic.Nightingale’splaceinthenationalpantheon,Summersasserts,islrgelyduetothepropagandisticeffortsofcontemporarynewspaperreporters.(以上略读)
2)Bycontrast(重要的强转折词,注意对比方/观点的差异点),theeditors(对比观点二)ofanewvolumeofNightingale’slettersviewNightingaleasapersonwhosignificantlyinfluenced(正评价词)notonlyherownagebutalsosubsequenctgenerations.Theyhighlightherongoingeffortstoreformsanitaryconditionsafterthewar(观点二比较的差别点,和观点一中duringtheCrimeanWar对比,这一句是后面举例的总结句,重要,知道总结句可以不用看后面的例子。
).Forexample,(举例通常可以略读,只提取例子中的关键词,如peacetimelivingconditions,举例的关键看前后的总结句,这里是forexample前面的一句话,因为例子都是用来说明总结句的,只要明白总结句的意思就行了。
)whensheleanredthatpeacetimelivingconditionsinBritishbarracksweresohorriblethatthedeathrateofenlistedmenfarexeededthatofneighboringcivilianpopulations,shesucceededinpersuadingthegovernmenttoestablishaRoyalCommissionontheHealthoftheArmy.Sheusedsumsraisedthroughpubliccontributionstofoundanurses’traninghospitalinLondon.Eveninadministrativematters,theeditorsassert,herpracticalintelligencewasformidable:
asrecentlyas1947theBritishArmy’smedicalserviceswerestillusingthecost-accountingsystemshehaddevisedinthe1860’s.(以上略读)
3)Ibelievethattheevidenceofherletterssupports(正评价词)continuedrespectforNightingale’sbrillianceandcreativity(正评价词).(总结句后举例说明,提取关键字,略读)Whencounselingavillageschoolmastertoencouragechildrentousetheirfacultiesofobservation,shesoundslikeamoderneducator.Herinsistenceonclassifyingtheproblemsoftheneedyinordertodeviseappropriatetreatmentsissimilartotheapproachofmodernsocialworkers.(以上略读)Insum(文章最后一句话通常要仔细读,此处为总结句),although(让步略读,重点是让步后的转折句)NightingalemaynothaveachievedallofhergoalsduringtheCrimeanWar,herbreadthofvisionandabilitytorealizeambitiousprojectshaveearned(正评价词)heraneminent(正评价词)placeamongtheranksofsocialpioneers.(重点读,表明作者对以上两个不同观点的评述)
题目:
注意我怎么定位的,题干、选项和原文原句的对应线索我用相同颜色标注,题干中的定位依据的关键词我用下划线标注:
73.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithevaluating
(A)theimportanceofFlorenceNightingale’sinnovationsinthefieldofnursing
(B)contrastingapproachestothewritingofhistoricalbiography
(C)contradictoryaccountsofFlorenceNightingale’shistoricalsignificance
(D)thequalityofhealthcareinnineteenth-centuryEngland
(E)theeffectoftheCrimeanWarondevelopmentsinthefieldofhealthcare
主题题,直接定位首段首句主题句:
TworecentpublicationsofferdifferentassessmentofthecareerofthefamousBritishnurseFlorenceNightingale
74.Accordingtothepassage,theeditors(定位在观点二出现段)ofNightingale’sletterscredit(正评价的实义动词,将定位进一步限制在观点二中的正评价处,即找贡献)herwithcontributingtowhichofthefollowing?
(A)ImprovingofthesurvivalrateforsoldiersinBritishArmyhospitalsduringtheCrimeanWar(时间状语为观点一的内容,观点二的比较点在afterthewar,大胆排除)
(B)Thedevelopmentofanurses’trainingcurriculum(原文未出现,排除)thatwasfarinadvanceofitsday
(C)Theincreaseinthenumberofwomendoctors(原文未出现,排除)practicinginBritishArmyhospitals
(D)Establishmentofthefirst(极端词文章没有,选项出现,排除!
)facilityfortraiingnursesatamajorBritishuniversity
(E)ThecreationofanorganizationformonitoringthepeacetimelivingconditionsofBritishsoldiers
原文对应:
shesucceededinpersuadingthegovernmenttoestablishaRoyalCommissionontheHealthoftheArmy.
直接事实题,定位在2)段,forexample后具体内容中,此题重点在于对于文中未出现的信息的果断排除,千万不要超出文章半步的猜测。
75.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutNightingale’srelationshipwiththeBritishpublic(定位在二段举例中,观点一或其他段落未谈到)ofherday?
(A)Shewashighlyrespected,herprojectsreceivingpopularandgovernmentalsupport.
(B)Sheencounteredresistancebothfromthearmyestablishmentandthegeneralpublic.
(C)Shewassupportedbytheworkingclassesandopposedbythewealthierclasses.
(D)Shewassupportedbythemilitaryestablishmentbuthadtofightthegovernmentalbureaucracy.
(E)Afterintiallybeingreceivedwithenthusiams,shewasquicklyforgotten.
Sheusedsumsraisedthroughpubliccontributionstofoundanurses’traninghospitalinLondon.原文中唯一有public这个词的句子只有一处,确定无疑。
76.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutsanitaryconditionsinBritainaftertheCrimeanWar(重要的定位依据,说明是观点二的内容,所以我以前说,对题干的提炼一定要注意,即使只是一个时间状语)?
(A)Whilenotideal,theyweresuperiortothoseinotherpartsoftheworld.
(B)Comparedwithconditionsbeforethewar,theyhaddeteriorated.
(C)Theyweremoreadvancedinruralareasthanintheurbancenters.
(D)Theywereworseinmilitarycampsthanintheneighboringcivilianpopulations.
(E)TheywereunifromalycrudeandunsatisfactorythroughoutEngland.
(Theyhighlightherongoingeffortstoreformsanitaryconditionsafterthewar.Forexample,)whensheleanredthatpeacetimelivingconditionsinBritishbarracksweresohorriblethatthedeathrateofenlistedmenfarexeededthatofneighboringcivilianpopulations,....
77.WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthedifferinginterpretationsofNightingale’simportancewouldtheauthormostlikelyagree(定位于作者的观点,作者观点的总结句,而不是文中提到的两个观点)?
(A)SummersmisunderstoodboththeimportanceofNightingale’sachievementsduringtheCrimeanWarandhersubsequentinfluenceonBritishpolicy.
(B)TheeditorsofNightingale’slettersmadesomevalidpointsaboutherpracticalachievements,buttheystillexaggeratedherinfluenceonsubsequentgenrations.
(C)AlthoughSummers’accountofNightingale’sroleintheCrimeanWarmaybeaccurate,sheignoredevidenceofNightingales’subsequentachievementthatsuggeststhatherreputationasaneminentsocialreformeriswelldeserved.
定位于文末最后一句,关于作者对两个观点的总结句:
Insum,althoughNightingalemaynothaveachievedallofhergoalsduringtheCrimeanWar(观点一内容),herbreadthofvisionandabilitytorealizeambitiousprojectshaveearnedheraneminentplaceamongtheranksofsocialpioneers.
(D)TheeditorsofNightingale’slettersmistakenlypropagatedtheoutdatedidealizationofNightingalethatonlyimpedesattemptstoarriveatabalanceassessmentofhertruerole.
(E)TheevidenceofNightingale’sletterssupportsSummers’conclusionsbothaboutNightingale’sactivitiesandaboutherinfluence.
78.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptionunderlyingtheauthor’sassessmentofNightingale’screativity(定位关键词,三段首句中,所以读原文注意评价词!
)?
(A)EducationalphilosophyinNightingale’sdaydidnotnormallyemphasizedevelopingchildren’sabilitytoobserve.
Whencounselingavillageschoolmastertoencouragechildrentousetheirfacultiesofobservation,shesoundslikeamoderneducator.
(B)NightingalewasthefirsttonoticethepoorlivingconditionsinBritishmilitarybarracksinpeacetime.
(C)NoeducatorbeforeNightingalehadthoughttoenlistthehelpofvillageshcoolmastersinintroducingnewteachingtechniques.
(D)UntilNightingalebeganherwork,therewasnoconceptoforganizedhelpfortheneedyinnineteenth-centuryBritain.
(E)TheBritishArmy’smedicalserviceshadnocost-accountingsystemuntilNightingaledevisedoneinthe1860’s.
本题注意细节的排除,坚决按照原文信息!
原文未出现的信息坚决不能选!
尤其注意极端词汇!
(以上选项中划线部分都是排除的依据)
79.Inthelastparagraph(直接定位),theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith
(A)summarizingtheargumentsaboutNightingalepresentedinthefirsttwoparagraphs
(B)refutingtheviewofNightingale’scareerpresentedintheprecedingpargraph
(C)analyzingtheweaknessesoftheevidencepresentedelsewhereinthepassage
(D)citingevidencetosupportaviewofNightingale’scareer
(E)correctingafactualerroroccurringinoneoftheworksunderreview
段落作用题,需要建立在框架把握的基础上,第三段和前两段的关系如何?
从首句或末句判断。
IbelievethattheevidenceofherletterssupportscontinuedrespectforNightingale’sbrillianceandcreativity.
以上的答案是我刚做的,如果有不对的,请MM给我指出来.
按照XDF老师传授的方法,第一遍读完,我会做这样的总结(XDF老师叫做"逻辑简图",携隐看看,其实简单的框架图就好,不用花太多时间像你以前那样总结.)
逻辑简图
1)对N贡献评价有两个不同观点+第一个观点:
TS(主题句),AS(AnneSummers),duringtheCrimeanWar,exaggerated(—)
2)第二个观点:
Bycontrast,Editors,significantlyinfluenced(+),afterthewar,forexamples
3)作者的观点:
Ibelieve....supports(+)...brillianceandcreativity(+).Insum,eminent(+)
这种逻辑简图简单实用,其实就是总结每段的段意、段内标志文章承转起合的重要的连接词、态度词,帮助你了解文章框架,把握重要的由连接词引出的出题点。
另:
从本文你可以看出,一定要培养对关键的连词和作者态度词的重视和敏感!
我平常的阅读大致如此,是按照XDF老师的方法,每一遍的总结侧重不同,但最后读文章答题时就是这样的读法和思路,等于现场做一个示范,帮助大家了解我所说的读文章框架+定位+题干和原文的对应是怎么一回事.其他文章一个道理,希望能够拿上面的分析好好过一过,如果对你们的阅读有所帮助,也不枉我一片苦心啊~
如果这么做下来,大家还觉得阅读难,那mumuJJ可黔驴技穷拉~
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