世界劳工组织国际社会保障协会英文资料.docx
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世界劳工组织国际社会保障协会英文资料.docx
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世界劳工组织国际社会保障协会英文资料
世界劳工组织,国际社会保障协会(英文资料)
国际劳工组织相关资料
SocialSecurityStandard
Asocietythatprovidessecurityforitscitizensprotectsthemnotonlyfromwaranddisease,butalsofromtheinsecuritiesrelatedtomakingalivingthroughwork.Socialsecuritysystemsprovideforbasicincomeincasesofunemployment,illnessandinjury,oldageandretirement,invalidity,familyresponsibilitiessuchaspregnancyandchildcare,andlossofthefamilybreadwinner.Suchbenefitsareimportantnotonlyforindividualworkersandtheirfamiliesbutalsofortheircommunitiesasawhole.Byprovidinghealthcare,incomesecurityandsocialservices,socialsecurityenhancesproductivityandcontributestothedignityandfullrealizationoftheindividual.Socialsecuritysystemsalsopromotegenderequalitythroughtheadoptionofmeasurestoensurethatwomenwhohavechildrenenjoyequalopportunitiesinthelabourmarket.Foremployersandenterprises,socialsecurityhelpsmaintainastableworkforceadaptabletochange.Finally,byprovidingasafetynetincaseofeconomiccrisis,socialsecurityservesasafundamentalelementofsocialcohesion,therebyhelpingtoensuresocialpeaceandapositiveengagementwithglobalizationandeconomicdevelopment.Despitetheseadvantages,only20%oftheworld'spopulationhaveadequatesocialsecuritycoverage,whilemorethanhalflackanykindofsocialsecuritycoverageatall.ILO(InternationalLabourOrgnization)standardsonsocialsecurityprovidefordifferenttypesofsocialsecuritycoverageunderdifferenteconomicsystemsandstagesofdevelopment.Socialsecurityconventionsofferawiderangeofoptionsandflexibilityclauseswhichallowthegoalofuniversalcoveragetobereachedgradually.Inaglobalizingworld,wherepeopleareincreasinglyexposedtoglobaleconomicrisks,thereisgrowingconsciousnessofthefactthatabroad-basednationalsocialprotectionpolicycanprovideastrongbufferagainstmanyofthenegativesocialeffectsofcrises.Forthesereasons,inaresolutionoftheInternationalLabourConferencein2001,governments,employersandworkerscalledontheILOtoimprovesocialsecuritycoverageandextendittoallthoseinneedofsuchprotection.(Note1)
SelectedrelevantILOinstruments
SocialSecurity(MinimumStandards)Convention,1952(No.102)-
[ratifications]
Laysdowntheminimumstandardforthelevelofsocialsecuritybenefitsandthe
conditionsunderwhichtheyaregranted.Itcoversthenineprincipalbranchesofsocialsecurity,namelymedicalcare,sickness,unemployment,oldage,employmentinjury,family,maternity,invalidityandsurvivors'benefits.Toensure
thatitcouldbeappliedinallnationalcircumstances,theconventionoffersstatesthepossibilityofratificationbyacceptingatleastthreeofitsninebranchesandofsubsequentlyacceptingobligationsunderotherbranches,therebyallowingthem
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toprogressivelyattainalltheobjectivessetoutintheconvention.Thelevelofminimumbenefitscanbedeterminedwithreferencetothelevelofwagesinthecountryconcerned.Temporaryexceptionsmayalsobeenvisagedforcountrieswhoseeconomyandmedicalfacilitiesareinsufficientlydeveloped,therebyenablingthemtorestrictthescopeoftheconventionandthecoverageofthebenefitsgranted.
EqualityofTreatment(SocialSecurity)Convention,1962(No.118)-
[ratifications]
MaintenanceofSocialSecurityRightsConvention,1982(No.157)-
[ratifications]
Theseinstrumentsprovideforcertainsocialsecurityrightsandbenefitsformigrantworkers,whofacetheproblemoflosingentitlementstosocialsecuritybenefitswhichtheyenjoyedintheircountryoforigin.
Furtherrelevantinstruments
Furthersocialsecurityinstruments
AlatergenerationofconventionsexpandsthescopeofprotectionprovidedbyConventionNo.102.Whileofferingahigherlevelofprotectionintermsofscopeandlevelofbenefitstobeguaranteed,theseinstrumentsauthorizecertainexceptionswhichensureflexibility.
ThebenefitsprovidedunderConventionNo.102andunderlaterconventionsare
outlinedbelow.Thisinformationdoesnotincludeprovisionsonthedurationandconditionsofentitlementtobenefits,derogationsallowedundertheseinstruments,orhigherlevelsofbenefitsprovidedbyrelevantrecommendations.(Note2)
Medicalcare
ConventionNo.102-[ratifications]:
providesforpreventivecare,general
practitionercare,includinghomevisits,specialistcare,essentialpharmaceuticalsuppliesasprescribed,prenatal,confinementandpostnatalcarebymedicalpractitionersorqualifiedmidwives,andhospitalizationwherenecessary.
ConventionNo.130-[ratifications]:
providesthesamebenefitsas
ConventionNo.102,plusdentalcareandmedicalrehabilitation.
Sicknessbenefit
ConventionNo.102-[ratifications]:
periodicalpayments,correspondingtoatleast45%ofthereferencewage.
ConventionNo.130-[ratifications]:
periodicalpayments,correspondingtoatleast60%ofthereferencewage.Alsoprovidesforfuneralexpensesincaseofdeathofthebeneficiary.
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Unemploymentbenefit
ConventionNo.102-[ratifications]:
periodicalpayments,correspondingtoat
least45%ofthereferencewage.
ConventionNo.168-[ratifications]:
periodicalpayments,correspondingtoat
least50%ofthereferencewage.Beyondtheinitialperiod,possibilityofapplyingspecialrulesofcalculation.Nevertheless,thetotalbenefitstowhichtheunemployedmaybeentitledmustguaranteethemhealthyandreasonablelivingconditionsinaccordancewithnationalstandards.
Old-agebenefit
ConventionNo.102-[ratifications]:
periodicalpayments,correspondingtoat
least40%ofthereferencewage.Theratesofrelevantbenefitsmustberevised
followingsubstantialchangesinthegenerallevelofearningsand/orthecostofliving.
ConventionNo.128-[ratifications]:
periodicalpayments,correspondingtoat
least45%ofthereferencewage.SameconditionsasConventionNo.102relatingtotherevisionofrates.
Employmentinjurybenefit
ConventionNo.102-[ratifications]:
medicalcare,periodicalpayments
correspondingtoatleast50%ofthereferencewageincasesofincapacityforworkorinvalidity.Benefitsforwidowanddependentchildrenincaseofdeathofbreadwinnerwithperiodicalpaymentscorrespondingtoatleast40%ofthereferencewage.Possibilityofconvertingperiodicalpaymentsintolumpsumsundercertainconditions.Exceptinthecaseofincapacityforwork,obligationto
revisetheratesofperiodicalpaymentsfollowingsubstantialchangesinthecostofliving.
ConventionNo.121-[ratifications]:
sameasConventionNo.102,plus
certaintypesofcareattheplaceofwork.Periodicalpayments,correspondingtoatleast60%ofthereferencewageincasesofincapacityforworkorinvalidity,benefitsforwidow,thedisabledanddependentwidower,anddependentchildrenincaseofdeathofbreadwinner,withperiodicalpaymentscorrespondingtoatleast50%ofthereferencewage.Obligationtoprescribeminimumamountforthesepayments,possibilityofconvertingpaymentsintoalumpsumunder
certainconditions,andsupplementarybenefitsfordisabledpersonsrequiringtheconstanthelpofathirdperson.
Familybenefit
ConventionNo.102-[ratifications]:
provideseitherperiodicalpaymentsor
theprovisionoffood,clothing,housing,holidaysordomestichelp,oracombinationofthese.
Nonewconventionexistsonthistopic.
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Maternitybenefit
ConventionNo.102-[ratifications]:
medicalcareincludingatleastprenatal,confinementandpostnatalcareeitherbymedicalpractitionersorbyqualified
midwivesandhospitalizationwherenecessary;periodicalpayments,correspondingtoatleast45%ofthereferencewage.
ConventionNo.183-[ratifications]:
medicalbenefitsincludingprenatal,
childbirthandpostnatalcare,aswellashospitalizationcarewhennecessary;cashbenefitstoensurethatthewomancanmaintainherselfandherchildinproperconditionsofhealthandwithasuitablestandardofliving.Atleasttwo-thirdsofpreviousearningsorcomparableamount.
Invaliditybenefit
ConventionNo.102-[ratifications]:
periodicalpayments,correspondingtoatleast40%ofthereferencewage;theratesofrelevantbenefitsmustberevisedfollowingsubstantialchangesinthegenerallevelofearningsand/orinthecostof
living.
ConventionNo.128-[ratifications]:
periodicalpaymentscorrespondingtoat
least50%ofthereferencewage;theratesofrelevantbenefitsmustberevised
followingsubstantialchangesinthegenerallevelofearningsand/orinthecostofliving.
Survivors'benefit
ConventionNo.102-[ratifications]:
periodicalpayments,correspondingtoatleast40%ofthereferencewage;theratesofrelevantbenefitsmustberevisedfollowingsubstantialchangesinthegenerallevelofearningsand/orinthecostof
living.
ConventionNo.128-[ratifications]:
periodicalpaymentscorrespondingtoat
least45%ofthereferencewage;theratesofrelevantbenefitsmustberevisedfollowingsubstantialchangesinthegenerallevelofearningsand/orinthecostofliving.
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ILO-UNSocialProtectionFloor
Initiative:
Theroleofsocialsecurityincrisisresponseandrecovery,andbeyond
Thecrisishasreinforcedtheperceptionthattheextensionofsocialsecurityshouldbeahighpriority.Whileinmanydevelopingcountriessocialsecuritysystemswerepreviouslyconsideredunaffordable,theyarenowregardedasimportantinvestmentstosupportsustainableeconomicgrowth.Furthermore,intimesofcrisis,socialsecuritysystemsareplayinganessentialroleaseconomicstabilizers.InterviewwithMichaelCichon,Dir
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