小学英语复习资料.docx
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小学英语复习资料.docx
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小学英语复习资料
英语复习小结
一、名词:
有可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词有单数、复数之分,
名词复数形式的构成规则:
(1)一般在名词词尾加“s”
如:
teacher—teachersegg---eggs
(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加es
如class---classesbox--boxesbus--buseswatch--watches
(3)以辅音字母+y的名词变y为i再加es
如:
story---storieslibrary---libraries,
dictionary----dictionarieshobby---hobbies
(4)以f,fe结尾的名词,变f,fe为v加es
如:
life---livesleaf---leaveshalf---halves
knife---kniveswolf-wolveswife---wives
(5)以o结尾的名词“英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加es
hero---heroesmango---mangoes
potato---potatoestomato---tomatoes
其余加s(目前所学的词)zoo---zooskilo---kilos
radio—radiosphoto---photospiano--pianos
(6)不规则名词单复数形式
如:
child—childrenwoman---women
man---menfoot---feettooth---teeth
有的可数名词单、复数形式相同,如Japanese,Chinese,sheep,
如:
Ihaveonesheep.Hehastwosheep.
2、不可数名词没有复数形式
不可数名词有:
(1)milk,water,juice,tea,ice;
(2)food,rice,meat,fish,chicken,bread,cheese
(3)paper,newspaper,hair,time,money,homework,housework
不可数名词的数量常表示如下
twobottlesofmilkacupofjuicehalfakiloofcheese
abagofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater
二、在英语中表示“两者之间的比较”时,形容词要用比较级形式。
A.形容词的比较级构成规则
1.一般在形容词词尾加er
原级比较级原级比较级
youngyoungerlonglonger
oldoldertalltaller
strongstrongershortshorter
2.以e结尾的词直接加r
nice---nicer
3.有些形容词双写最后一个字母再加er
big---biggerthin---thinnerhot---hotter
fat---fatterwet---wetter
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加er
busy---busiereasy---easierheavy---heavier
5.有些形容词在词前加more构成比较级
difficult---moredifficultinteresting---moreinteresting
dangerous---moredangerousbeautiful---morebeautiful
B.不规则变化
good---betterbad---worsemany/much---more
C.比较级句型中常用than进行比较
如:
CircleAisbiggerthanCircleB.圆A比圆B大
LinglingisbetterthanDaming.
AmyistallerthanLingling.
三、人称代词
人称代词包括主格和宾格。
主格在句中作主语,宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语。
主格
I
we
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
him
her
it
them
我
我们
你,你们
他
她
它
他们
Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Letusgo.
ImisseveryoneinChina.Whocanhelpme?
Whatishedoing?
Heistryingtogetonthebus.Lookathim.
Shecan’thear.Thisdoghelpsher.
TellmemoreabouttheGreatWall.
四.物主代词
物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词后需跟名词,名词性物主代词后不用跟。
名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词的含义
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
我的
我们的
你的,你们的
他的
她的
它的
他们的
Thisismybook.=Thisbookismine.
Thisishisbag.=Thisbagishis.
Yourwatchisold,buthersisnew.
Thanksgivingismyfavouritefestival.
Wesay“Thankyou”forourfood,familyandfriends.
五.疑问词
who谁what什么when什么时候whattime几点
where哪里why为什么how怎样howmuch多少
howmany多少howold多大whose谁的
whatcolour什么颜色howlong多长
1.对人物提问用who
Whogaveittoyou?
Simon’sfamilygaveittome.
Whocanhelpme?
Icanhelpyou.
2.对事物或做某事提问用what
Whatdoyouwant?
Iwantahotdog.
Whatareyoudoing?
Iamreadingabook.
Whatareyougoingtostudy?
I’mgoingtostudyEnglish.
Whatareyougoingtodo?
We’regoingtowalkaroundthelake.
What’sitabout?
It’saboutanimals.
3.对时间提问用when
Whenareyougoingtoeat?
We’regoingtoeatathalfpasttwelve.
Whenwasheborn?
Hewasbornin1809.
4.对点钟提问用whattime
Whattimeisit?
It’stwelve.
Whattimedoyougetup?
Igetupatsixo’clock.
5.对地点提问用where
Wherewasheborn?
HewasborninFrance.
Whereareyou?
Iamonthetrain.
Where’syourmum?
She’satthesupermarket.
6.对原因提问用why
Whyareyouwearingaraincoat?
Becauseit’sgoingtorain.
7.对身体状况或方式提问用how
Howareyou?
I’mfine.
Howareyougoingtogotoschool?
I’mgoingtogotoschoolbybus.
8.对价钱或不可数名词的数量提问用howmuch
Howmuchisit?
It’sthirteendollarsandtwenty-fivecents.
Howmuchmilkdoyouwant?
Iwanttwobottlesofmilk.
9.对可数名词的数量提问用howmany
Howmanybooksarethereonthedesk?
Therearethreebooksonthedesk.
10.对年龄提问用howold
Howoldareyou?
I’mtwelve.
11.对“某人的”提问用whose
Whosecapisthis?
It’sAmy’scap.
Whosepenisthat?
It’shispen.
12.对颜色提问用whatcolour
Whatcolourisit?
It’sblack.
13.对星期提问用whatday
Whatdayisittoday?
It’sMonday.
14.Howlongisit?
It’saboutsixthousandsevenhundredkilometers.
特殊疑问句语序:
疑问词+一般疑问句语序?
例:
Howdoyougotoschool?
疑问词(做主语)+谓语动词+……?
例:
Whogaveittoyou?
六.时态
1.一般过去时
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
经常与表示过去的时间连用。
如yesterday(昨天),lastweek(上周),lastmonth(上个月),lastyear(去年),twomonthsago(两个月前)等。
构成:
(1)肯定句:
主语+动词过去式+……
Hemadeavideo.
否定句:
主语+didn't+动词原形+……
Hedidn’tmakeavideo.
一般疑问句:
Did+主语+动词原形+…….?
Didhemakeavideo?
(2)be动词用was,were.否定句在was,were后加not.一般疑问句把was,were提前到句首。
ShewasborninAmerica.
ShewasnotborninAmerica.
WassheborninAmerica?
2.现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作
构成:
主语+am/is/are+现在分词+……
Thebirdsaresinginginthetrees.
否定句在am/is/are后加not.
Thebirdsarenotsinginginthetrees.
一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首。
Arethebirdssinginginthetrees?
3.一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
经常与表示将来的时间连用。
如tomorrow(明天),nextweek(下周),nextyear(明年)等。
构成:
(1)主语+will+动词原形+……
Hewillpickuptheapples.
否定句在will后加not.
Hewillnotpickuptheapples.
一般疑问句把will提前到句首。
Willhepickuptheapples?
(2)主语+begoingto+动词原形+……
WearegoingtostudyFrench.
否定句在am/is/are后加not.
WearenotgoingtostudyFrench.
一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首。
AreyougoingtostudyFrench?
4.一般现在时
表示经常性,习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
构成:
(1)主语+am/is/are+……
否定句在am/is/are后加not.一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首。
HelenKellerisamodelforblindpeopleandforyouandme.
(2)肯定句:
主语+动词原形+……
Theduckslikeit.
否定句:
主语+don't+动词原形+……
Theducksdon’tlikeit.
一般疑问句:
Do+主语+动词原形+…….?
Dotheduckslikeit?
(3)肯定句:
主语(三单)+动词第三人称单数形式+……
Helikesnoodles.
否定句:
主语+doesn't+动词原形+……
Hedoesn’tlikenoodles.
一般疑问句:
Does+主语+动词原形+…….?
Doeshelikenoodles
七.动词过去式形式
规则动词的过去式构成
1.一般在动词词尾加ed
如:
work---workedplay---playedwatch--watched
2.以e结尾动词在词尾加d
如:
live---lived
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加ed
如:
study---studiedcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried
4.有些动词双写最后一个字母再加ed,
如:
stop---stoppeddrop---dropped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式
gowentcomecame
becomebecamebringbrought
saysaidputput
teachtaughtcancould
readreadgivegave
am/iswasarewere
dodidflyflew
havehadmakemade
runranseesaw
riderodewinwon
getgottelltold
eatatesendsent
taketookbuybought
sitsatmeetmet
writewrotedrawdrew
swimswamflyflew
drinkdrankgivegave
ringrangfallfell
八.动词ing形式也是现在分词形式
现在分词的构成规则
1.一般在动词词尾直接加“ing”
sleep---sleepinglook---lookingwear---wearing
send---sendingeat---eatingsing---singing
go---goingjump---jumpingplay---playing
2.以不发音的e结尾的动词要去掉e再加上“ing”
write---writingcome---comingride---riding
have---havingmake---makingshine---shiningtake---takingclose--closing
3.有些动词双写最后一个字母再加“ing”
get---gettingput---puttingsit---sittingrun---runningswim---swimmingskip---skippingshop---shopping
九.动词第三人称单数形式
动词第三人称单数的构成规则
1.大多数动词在词尾加“S”.
stop-stopsmake-makesread-reads
play-playssay[sei]-says[sez]
2.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”
fly-fliescarry-carriesstudy-studiesworry-worries
3.以“s,x,sh,ch,o”结尾,在词尾加“es”.
teach-teacheswatch-watchesgo—goesdo--does
一十.祈使句
表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。
祈使句的主语you通常省略,肯定句以动词原形开头。
否定句Don’t+动词原形+其他。
Becareful.Bequiet.Lookattheballoons.Standup.
Pleasestandinline.Let’sgounderthattree.Turnright.
Don’tworry.Don’ttalkinthelibrary.Don’twalkonthegrass.Gostraighton.Turnleft.Lookatthelibraryrules.
十一.Therebe句型表示某地或某时间有某物。
Thereis后加单数名词或者不可数名词。
Thereare后加可数名词的复数形式。
Therearetenpencilsinthebluebox.
Thereweren’tanybusesmanyyearsago.
ThereisaChinatowninNewYork.
Therewasasmallhousefouryearsago.
Thereissomewaterinthebottle.
TherearelotsofChineseshopsthere.
TherearelotsofbicyclesinChina.
There’sChinesedancing.
---Istherealetterforme?
---Yes,thereis.
十二.情态动词can过去式could后加动词原形
IcanwriteEnglish.
Icancarrythisbag.Icanhelpyou.
Wecanalwaysbefriends.Latershecouldreadandwrite.
否定句在can,could后加not
cannot=can’tcouldnot=couldn’t
Wecan’tgonow.Ican’twriteChinese.
Ican’tcarryeverything.Hisfriendscan’thearhim.
Shecouldn’tseeandshecouldn’thear.
一般疑问句把can,could提前到句首。
Canyouswim?
Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.
CanyouspeakEnglish?
CanIwritetoyourfriends?
CanyoubemyChinesepenfriend?
Yes,ofcourse.
十三.havegot意思是“有”第三人称单数形式hasgot
否定形式在have,has后加not
一般疑问句形式把have,has提前到句首
I’vegotlotsofstamps.
Ihavegotsomechopsticks.Ihaven’tgotabasketball.
DaminghasgotaChinesekite.It’sgoteightmillionpeople.
Beijing’sgotaboutfourteenmillionpeople.
HaveyougotanystampsfromChina?
Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t
HaveyougotabookaboutAmerica?
十四.1.介词后加动词ing形式
It’sforplayingbaseball.
2.说某种语言用speak
WearegoingtospeakChinese.IcanspeakEnglish.
HecanspeakFrench.
3.辅音音素前用a,元音音素前用an
ahotdogacaranhouranicecreamanappleanorange
anegganemailananimalanelephant
4.想做某事wanttodosomething
Whatdoyouwanttoeat?
Whatdoyouwanttodrink?
DoyouwanttogotoChinatown?
Iwanttogoswimming.
想让某人做某事wantsomebodytodosth
Iwantedyoutobringthebaseballcaps.
Iwantyoutobemyfriends.
5.be动词包括am,is,are.用法我接am你接are,is跟着他她它。
单数不可数用is,复数用are.
IaminClassOne.YouareinClassTwo.HeisinClassThree.
Ourpicniciswet.Mynewspaperisflyingaway.
Theseducksareverynoisy.Theorangesarefalling.
Thesepostcardsaregreat.
6.询问天气用What’stheweatherlike?
或者Howistheweather?
描述天气用动词或者be+表示天气的形容词
It’sgoingtosnowinHarbin.It’sgoingtorainsoon.
It’sgoing
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