数据仓库专业术语表.docx
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数据仓库专业术语表.docx
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数据仓库专业术语表
数据仓库专业术语表
A
AccessPath
Thepathchosenbyadatabasemanagementsystemtoretrievetherequesteddata.
AccessProvider
AcompanywhichprovidesitscustomersaservicewherebytheycanaccesstheInternet.Theusernormallyconnectstotheaccessprovider’scomputerviaamodemusingadialupconnection.
ActiveAttack
Apersistentsecurityassaultbysomeonetryingtogainrestrictedaccessbyalteringdata.Therearemultipletechniques,decryptionforexample,whichcanbeusedtoleadtheattack.
ActiveServerPages(ASP)
ActiveserverpagesareasetofsoftwarecomponentsthatrunonaWebserverandallowWebdeveloperstobuilddynamicWebpages.
Activity-BasedCosting(ABC)
Activity-basedcosting(ABC)isaninformationsystemthatmaintainsandprocessesdataonafirm'sactivitiesandproducts.Itidentifiestheactivitiesperformed,tracescosttotheseactivities,andthenusesvariouscostdriverstotracethecostofactivitiestoproducts.
Activity-BasedManagement(ABM)
Activity-basedmanagement(ABM)istheuseoftheactivity-basedcostingtoolbyprocessownerstocontrolandimprovetheiroperations.Becauseprocessanalysisisconductedinthebuildingofanactivity-basedcostmodel,managementknowsitsbusinessmuchbetterandcanconsequentlyevaluatevalue-addedandnon-value-addedactivities.Becauseacertainvolumeofworkproducesacertainoutcome,"Whatif"analysiscanbeconductedtodeterminewhatresourcesarerequiredofoperationsarescaledbackorexpanded.
AdClicks
Alsocalledclickthroughs.Thenumberoftimesauser"clicks"onanonlinead,oftenmeasuredasafunctionoftime("adclicksperday").
AdHocQuery
Anyquerythatcannotbedeterminedpriortothemomentthequeryisissued.AquerythatconsistsofdynamicallyconstructedSQL,whichisusuallyconstructedbydesktop-residentquerytools.
AdHocQueryTool
Anend-usertoolthatacceptsanEnglish-likeorpoint-and-clickrequestfordataandconstructsanad-hocquerytoretrievethedesiredresult.
AdministrativeData
Inadatawarehouse,thedatathathelpsawarehouseadministratormanagethewarehouse.Examplesofadministrativedataareuserprofilesandorderhistorydata.
AggregateData
Datathatistheresultofapplyingaprocesstocombinedataelements.Datathatistakencollectivelyorinsummaryform.
Aggregator
Thisisane-commercebusinessmodelinwhichtheWebsitesellsproductsorserviceswhichitdoesnotproduceorwarehouse.Anaggregatorcreatesanenvironmentwheremultipleproviders(sellers)mustcompeteontermsdeterminedbytheuse.
Alerts
Anotificationfromaneventthathasexceededapre-definedthreshold.
Analyst
Someonewhocreatesviewsforanalyticinterpretationofdata,performscalculationsanddistributestheresultinginformationintheformofreports.
AnalyticApplications
Packagedsoftwarethatmeetsthreedistinctconditions:
processsupport,separationoffunctionandtime-oriented,integrateddata.Analyticapplicationsexpandthereachofbusinessintelligencetoanextendeduserbase,packagingthesetechnologiesinabusinesscontext.
Analytics
Theprocessandtechniquesfortheexplorationandanalysisofbusinessdatatodiscoverandidentifynewandmeaningfulinformationandtrendsthatallowforanalysistotakeplace.
Applet
AsmallJavaprogramthatcanbeembeddedinanHTMLpage.Theycannotaccesscertainresourcesonlocalcomputerssuchasfilesandserialdevicesandareprohibitedfromcommunicationwithmostothercomputersacrossanetwork.
ApplicationServiceProvider(ASP)
ASPsprovidetheinfrastructureneededtodeliverreliableapplicationaccess,includingenterpriseapplications,hardwareplatforms,operatingsystems,databasesystems,networkhardwareaswellasthetechnicalexpertisetomakeitallworkforamonthlyservicecharge.
ASCII
AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange.Aneight-bitcodeforcharacterrepresentation,includessevenbitsplusparity.
ASP
ApplicationServiceProvider.AcompanythatoffersaccessovertheInternettoapplicationprogramsandrelatedservicesthatwouldotherwisehavetobelocatedinotherownpersonalorenterprisecomputers.
AtomicData
Dataelementsthatrepresentthelowestlevelofdetail.Forexample,inadailysalesreport,theindividualitemssoldwouldbeatomicdata,whilerollupssuchasinvoiceandsummarytotalsfrominvoicesareaggregatedata.
Attribute
Afieldrepresentedbyacolumnwithinanobject(entity).Anobjectmaybeatable,vieworreport.AnattributeisalsoassociatedwithanSGML(HTML)tagusedtofurtherdefinetheusage.
AuthorizationRequest
Arequestinitiatedbyaconsumertoaccessdataforwhichtheconsumerdoesnotpresentlyhaveaccessprivileges.
AuthorizationRules
Criteriausedtodeterminewhetherornotanindividual,group,orapplicationmayaccessreferencedataoraprocess.
Availability
Useraccesstoapplicationsand/ordatastoresthatresideandexecuteoncomputingsystemsaccessinginformationthatresidesinfilesanddatabasessupportedbyanorganization’svariousoperatingenvironments.
B
B2B
Business-to-businesscommerceconductedovertheWeb.
B2C
Business-to-consumercommerceconductedovertheInternet.Itlinksconsumerstocommercialentitiesinone-waynetworks.
BalancedScorecard
Acomprehensive,top-downviewoforganizationalperformancewithastrongfocusonvisionandstrategy.In1992thefoundingfathersoftheBalancedScorecard,Drs.RobertKaplanandDavidNorton,debutedtheirmethodologyintheHarvardBusinessReview.Then,in1996,theyreleasedTheBalancedScorecardTranslatingStrategyintoAction,theso-calledbibleoftheBalancedScorecard.
BalancedScorecardCollaborative
Aprofessionalservicesfirmdedicatedtotheworldwideawareness,use,enhancementandintegrityofthebalancedscorecardasavalue-addedmanagementprocess.
BalancedScorecardCollaborativeCertification
Anindustry-standardcertificationofferedtosoftwareproviderswhosebalancedscorecardapplicationsmeetthefunctionalstandardsofKaplanandNorton.Theseareapplicationsthatwillenableenduserstoachievethebenefitsofthebalancedscorecardmanagementprocess.
BaldrigeCriteriaforPerformanceExcellence
Criteriaprovidingasystemsperspectiveforunderstandingperformancemanagement.Theyreflectvalidated,leadingmanagementpracticesagainstwhichanorganizationcanmeasureitself.Withtheiracceptancenationallyandinternationallyasthemodelforperformanceexcellence,thecriteriarepresentacommonlanguageforcommunicationamongorganizationsforsharingbestpractices.
Banner
ApictureorgraphicthatstretcheshorizontallyacrossaWebpage.ThesecanbeusedtotitletheWebpage,startorseparatedifferentsections,createlinkstootherWebpages,orprovideaplaceforadvertisements.
BannerAdvertising
AmarketingmechanismthatcontainsstripsofadvertisementsthataresporadicallypositionedonawebpageandareextremelypopularontheWorldWideWeb.ThesetypesofadsgenerallytakeupaconsiderableamountofbandwidthandaresometimesdisturbingtotheWebuser.
BaseTables
Thenormalizeddatastructuresmaintainedinthetargetwarehousingdatabase.Alsoknownasthedetaildata.
BaselIINewAccord(Basel2,NewAccord)
Thisisasetofbankingstandards,whichwillregulatefinanceandbankingforcountriesintheEuropeanUnion.TheBaselCommitteeonBankingSupervisionistaskedwiththegoaltocompletetheNewAccordbymid-year2004,withimplementationtotakeeffectinmembercountriesbyyear-end2006.Tothatend,workalreadyhasbeguninanumberofcountriesondraftrulesthatwouldintegrateBaselcapitalstandardswithnationalcapitalregimes.BaselIIisfocusedspecificallyonglobalbanksandfinancialinstitutionsandensuresliquidityofthoseinstitutionsfortheprotectionofpublictrust.
Benchmarking
Apointofreferenceformeasurement.
BenefitSegmentation
Theprocessofgroupingcustomersintomarketsegmentsaccordingtothebenefitstheyseekfromtheproduct.Referstotheirneedsandwantsonly.
BestPractices
Acasestudyconsideredtobeagoodexampleofabusinessdiscipline.
BidirectionalExtracts
Theabilitytoextract,cleanseandtransferdataintwodirectionsamongdifferenttypesofdatabases,includinghierarchical,networkedandrelationaldatabases.
BrakingMechanism
Asoftwaremechanismthatpreventsusersfromqueryingtheoperationaldatabaseoncetransactionloadsreachacertainlevel.
BricksandMortar
Referstobusinessesthatexistintherealworldasopposedtojustthecyberworldsuchasbricks-and-mortarretailoutlets,bricks-and-mortarwarehouses,etc.
Browser
Thegenerictermforsoftwareprogramsthatretrieve,displayandprintinformationWorldWideWeb.ThemostpopularbrowsersareMicrosoftInternetExplorer,NetscapeNavigatorandMosaic.Mosaicwasthefirstbrowsertointroducegraphics.Previously,userswereonlyallowedtoviewthetextofWebpages.Currently,MicrosoftOutlookisthemostpopularbrowserintheworld.
BulkDataTransfer
Asoftware-basedmechanismdesignedtomovelargedatafiles.Itsupportscompression,blockingandbufferingtooptimizetransfertimes.
BusinessActivityMonitoring(BAM)
BAMisabusinesssolutionthatissupportedbyanadvancedtechnicalinfrastructurethatenablesrapidinsightintonewbusinessstrategies,thereductionofoperatingcostbyreal-timeidentificationofissuesandimprovedprocessperformance.
BusinessArchitecture
Oneofthefourlayersofaninformationsystemsarchitecture.Abusinessarchitecturedescribesthefunctionsabusinessperformsandtheinformationituses.
BusinessContinuity
Thedegreetowhichanorganizationmayachieveu
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