研究生英译汉练习精选30段.docx
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研究生英译汉练习精选30段.docx
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研究生英译汉练习精选30段
英译汉练习精选
[TheEnglishLanguage]
1.Englishisgenerallyacknowledgedtobetheworld’smostimportantlanguage.First,thenumberofnativespeakerofEnglishismorethan300million(Spanish,nextinsizetoEnglish,isspokenbyabout240millionpeople,Russianby210million,Portugueseby125million,Germanby110million,Frenchby85million,Italianby65million).Second,thespreadofEnglishovermostoftheworldasaninternationallanguageisauniquephenomenonintheworld’shistory:
about1500millionpeople—overathirdoftheworld’spopulation—liveincountrieswhereEnglishhassomeofficialstatusorisoneofthenativelanguages,ifnotthedominantnativelanguage.Third,Englishleadsastheprimarymediumfor20thcenturyscienceandtechnology.Finally,EnglishisthelanguageoftheUnitedStates,whosegrossdomesticproductin1980wasmorethandoublethatofitsnearestcompetitor,Japan.(AdaptedfromAComprehensiveGrammaroftheEnglishLanguagebyRandolphQuirketal.,1985)
2.ThestatisticsofEnglishareastonishing.Ofalltheworld’slanguages(whichnownumbersome2700),itisarguablytherichestinvocabulary.TheOxfordEnglishDictionarylistsabout500,000words;andafurtherhalfmilliontechnicalandscientifictermsremainuncatalogued.…Three-quartersoftheworld’smail,anditstelexesandcables,areinEnglish.Soaremorethanhalftheworld’stechnicalandscientificperiodicals.Englishisthemediumfor80percentoftheinformationstoredintheworld’scomputers.NearlyhalfofallbusinessdealsinEuropeareconductedinEnglish.Itisthelanguageofsportandglamour:
theofficiallanguageoftheOlympicsandtheMissUniversecompetition.Englishistheofficialvoiceoftheair,ofthesea,andofChristianity.Fiveofthelargestbroadcastingcompaniesintheworld(CBS,NBC,ABC,BBC,CBC)transmitinEnglishtoaudiencesthatregularlyexceedonehundredmillion.(fromTheStoryofEnglishbyRobertMcCrumetal,1986)
[LanguageLearning&Teaching]
3.Forthepost-intermediateandadvancedEnglishlearners,itisadvisabletousemoreofamonolingualdictionary.Thereareanumberofadvantages.ApartfromtheincreaseofexposureofEnglishandavoidanceofmisunderstandingbytranslation,usershavetothinkinEnglish,understandmeaningsintermsofotherEnglishwords,thusenlargingvocabularyandlearntheprecisemeaningsofwordsandusagesthroughdefinitionsandexamples.Moreover,theeffectiveuseofamonolingualdictionarywillgivelearnersasenseofsatisfactionandself-sufficiencyandgreaterconfidenceintheirabilitytosolvelanguageproblems.(fromEnglishLexicologybyZhangWeiyou,1999)
4.Themostcommoncharacteristicofoutstandingsuccessis“anextensiveknowledgeoftheexactmeaningofEnglishwords.”Theextentofyourvocabularyindicatesthedegreeofyourintelligence.Yourbrainpowerwillincreaseasyoulearntoknowmorewords.Thestudyofwordsisnotmerelysomethingthathastodowithliterature.Wordsareyourtoolsofthought.Youcan’teventhinkatallwithoutwords.Withoutwordsyoucouldmakenodecisionsandformnojudgmentswhatsoever.Andthemorewordsyouhaveatyourcommandthedeeper,clearerandmoreaccuratewillbeyourthinking.Acommandofvocabularywillgiveyouassurance;buildyourself-confidence;lendcolortoyourpersonality;increaseyourpopularity.Yourwordsareyourpersonality.Yourvocabularyisyou.(WilfredFunk)
5.Wordsareexplosive.PhrasesarepackedwithTNT.Asimplewordcandestroyafriendship,landalargeorder.Theproperphrasesinthemouthsofclerkshavequadrupledthesalesofadepartmentstore.Thewrongwordsusedbyacampaignoratorhavelostanelection.Wordshavechangedthedirectionofhistory.Wordscanalsochangethedirectionofyourlife.Theyhaveoftenraisedamanfrommediocritytosuccess.Ifyouconsciouslyincreaseyourvocabularyyouwillunconsciouslyraiseyourselftoamoreimportantstationinlife,andthenewandhigherpositionyouhavewonwill,inturn,giveyouabetteropportunityforfurtherenrichingyourvocabulary.Itisabeautifulandsuccessfulcycle.(WilfredFunk)
6.Masteringalargenumberofwordsisessentialtoachievingfluencyinaforeignlanguage.Therearenoshort-cutstoalargevocabularyinEnglish:
youjusthavetorelyondiligenceanddedication.Ofcourseyoucanfigureoutfromthecontextthemeaningsofsomenewwordsyoucomeacrossinyourreading,butmoreoftenthannotyouhavetolookthemupinadictionaryinordertobeclearabouttheiraccuratemeanings.Apracticablewaytopickupnewwordsis,perhaps,toreadalot,preferablystoriesthatyoufindinterestingorexciting.Itoftenpaystoreadthesamebookoverandoveragain:
eachtimeyoureadityouwilllearndifferentnewwords,andthefamiliarcontexthelpstofixtheminyourmind.
[ModernEducation]
7.Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorise.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedom.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.(L.G.Alexander)
8.Alluniversitiescontributetotheprosperityandsuccessoftheircountry.Thealsoconservethecultureandlegacyspecifictotheircountry’scivilization.Buttheydofarmorethanthat.Knowledgeissecureonlywhenitishardwonbytheindependenttestsofaccurate,rationalexplorations.Sowhenweteachourstudentsskills,wealsogivethemvalues.Thesearevaluesforpersonalandcivicconduct.Ontheotherhand,thesevaluesunderwritethepersonalneedforindependentunderstandingwhichisthesourceofhumancreativity.
[ThePleasureofReading]
9.Devotesomeofyourleisure,Irepeat,tocultivatealoveofreadinggoodbooks.Fortunateindeedarethosewhocontrivetomakethemselvesgenuinebook-lovers.Forbook-lovershavesomenoteworthyadvantagesoverotherpeople.Theyneedneverknowlonelyhourssolongastheyhavebooksaroundthem,andthebetterthebooksthemoredelightfulthecompany.Fromgoodbooks,moreover,theydrawmuchbesidesentertainment.Theygainmentalfoodsuchasfewcompanionscansupply.Evenwhilerestingfromtheirlaborstheyare,throughthebookstheyread,equippingthemselvestoperformthoselaborsmoreefficiently.Thisalbeittheymaynotbedeliberatelyreadingtoimprovetheirmind.Allunconsciouslytheideastheyderivefromtheprintedpagesarestoredup,tobeworkedoverbytheimaginationfortheirfutureprofit.(fromSelf-DevelopmentbyHenryAddingtonBruce)
10.Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthathavedelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks—butwemustknowhowtoavailourselvesofthistreasureandhowtogetthemostfromit.Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverdiscoveredhowsatisfyingitistoreadgoodbooks…Readingisapleasureofthemind,whichmeansthatitisalittlelikeasport:
youreagernessandknowledgeandquicknessmakeyouagoodreader.Readingisfun,notbecausethewriteristellingyousomething,butbecauseitmakesyourmindwork.Yourownimaginationworksalongwiththeauthor’sorevengoesbeyondhis.Yourexperience,comparedwithhis,bringsyoutothesameordifferentconclusions,andyourideasdevelopasyouunderstandhis.(from“ThePleasureofReading”byBennettCerf)
[CriticalReading,Thinking&Writing]
11.Criticalreadingdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatyouobjecttowhatsomeonehaswrittenorthatyouviewitnegatively.Rather,itmeansthatyoureadsomethingcarefully,thoughtfully,andthoroughlyfortworeasons:
first,tounderstandit,andsecond,toassessit.Youneedformeaningfirstbecause,obviously,youmustunderstandwhatyoureadbeforeitcanbeexamined.Onceyoudevelopaclearunderstandingofapieceofwriting,youhaveasolidbasisformovingbeyondcomprehensiontoevaluation.Readingcriticallyinvolvesexamininganauthor’sideasandtheevidencethattheauthorhassuppliedinsupportofthoseideas.Itmeansthatyoutrytorecognizethedifferencebetweenreasonable,logicalassertionsandthosethatareunreasonableorlackcredibility.Itrequiresyoutodistinguishbetweenfactandopinion,tosortouttheevidenceanauthorcites,andtoevaluatethatevidenceintermsofitsrelevance,accuracy,andimportance.Thus,readingcriticallymeansthatyouactivelyengageinwhatyouread,thatyouanalyzeit,andthatyouevaluateit.(fromPerspectivesonContemporaryIssuesbyKatherineAnneAckley,2003)
12.Asuccessfulargumentgivesevidenceofsomesortforeveryimportantpoint.Evidencemayincludestatistics,observationsortestimonyofexperts,personalnarratives,orothersupportingproof.Awriterneedstoconvincereadersbytakingthemfromsomeinitialpositiononanissuetothewriter’sposition,whichreaderswillshareiftheargumentsucceeds.Theonlywaytodothisistoprovideevidencethatconvincesreadersthatthepositionisarightortrueone.(fromPerspectivesonContemporaryIssuesbyKatherineAnneAckley,2003)
13.Examplesandillustrationsarecrucialtowriting,nomatter
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