东北林业大学语言学概论试题.docx
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东北林业大学语言学概论试题.docx
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东北林业大学语言学概论试题
考试科目:
英语语言学概论考试时间:
120分钟试卷总分:
100分
PartITrueorFalse(10points)
Directions:
DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.
1.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.
2.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.
3.Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:
thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.
4.Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.
5.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.
6.Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.
7.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.
8.“Itishot.”isano-placepredicationbecauseitcontainsnoargument.
9.Inthesentence“Moneyisoftensaidtobetherootofallevil”,“root”isusedinitsconceptualmeaning.
10.Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.
Part
MultipleChoices(40points)
Directions:
Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.
A.prescriptive B.analyticC.descriptive D.linguistic
2.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.parole B.performanceC.langue D.Language
3.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.
A.synchronic B.diachronicC.prescriptive D.comparative
4.A____vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.
A.back B.central C.front D.middle
5.Theinformativefunctionispredominantlythemajor-roleoflanguage,itisalsocalled__________functionintheframeworkoffunctionalgrammar.
A.ideationalB.descriptiveC.prescriptiveD.textual
6.Thesound[f]is_________________.
A.voicedpalatalaffricate B.voicedalveolarstop
C.voicelessvelarfricative D.voicelesslabiodentalfricative
7.Theopensyllablereferstothesyllablethathasno__________.
A.codaB.onset
C.nucleusD.rhyme
8.Saussuretooka(n)__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.
A.sociological…psychological B.psychological…sociological
C.applied…pragmatic D.semanticandlinguistic
9._________referstoanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichaninflectionalaffixcanbeadded.Itcanbeequivalenttoaroot,orarootandaderivationalaffix.
A.AffixB.RootC.StemD.Suffix
10.Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa(n)______.
A.boundmorpheme B.boundform
C.inflectionalmorpheme D.freemorpheme
11.Thephrase“ontheshelf”belongsto__________construction.
A.endocentricB.exocentric
C.subordinateD.coordinate
12.“Johnmarriedablondheiress.”__________“Johnmarriedablond.”
A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwith
C.entailsD.presupposes
13.___________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.
A.Polysemy B.SynonymyC.Homonymy D.Hyponymy
14._________dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.
A.Reference B.Concept C.Semantics D.Sense
15.Bycomponentialanalysis,BECOME(x,(~ALIVE(x)))isanexplanationof________.
A.dieB.deadC.killD.murder
16.Endocentricconstructionisonewhosedistributionisfunctionallyequivalenttothatofone
ormoreofits__________.
A.centerB.constituentsC.partD.element
17.InAustin’sspeechacttheory,___________istheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.
A.aperlocutionaryactB.alocutionaryact
C.aconstativeactD.anillocutionaryact
18.________refertotherelationshipthatlinguisticunitshavewithotherunitsbecausetheymayoccurtogetherinasentence.
A.SyntagmaticrelationB.Hypotacticrelations
C.ParadigmaticrelationD.Paratacticralations
19.Asentencewhichisusedtodescribesomethingandcanbesaidtobetrueorfalseisa________.
A.constative B.directiveC.utterance D.expressive
20.Thesemanticrelationshipbetweenflowerandroseis_______.
A.hyponyms B.hyponymyC.co-hyponyms D.superordinate
PartIIIDefinitions(20points)
Directions:
Definethefollowingterms.
1.arbitrariness
2.consonant
3.grammaticalsubject&logicalsubject
4.cooperativeprinciple
PartⅣAnsweringQuestions(30points)
Directions:
Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforyourillustrationifnecessary.
1.ThefollowingsentenceistakenfromBarackObama'sVictorySpeech.TheunderlinedwordsarestressedbyObama.Statethegeneralrulesofsentencestressanddiscusswhethertheunderlinedwordsconformtotheserules(e.g,whichonesaregenerallystressed;whichonesarenormallynotstressedbutgetstressedhere;andwhichonesthatarenormallystressedbutarenotstressedhere).
IfthereisanyoneouttherewhostilldoubtsthatAmericaisaplacewhereallthingsarepossible,whostillwondersifthedreamofourfoundersisaliveinourtime,whostillquestionsthepowerofourdemocracy,tonightisyouranswer.
2.Differentiatephone,phonemeandallophonebycitingexamples.
3.DoyouthinktherearetruesynonymsinEnglish?
Why?
答题纸
考试科目:
英语语言学概论考试时间:
120分钟试卷总分:
100分
项目
一
二
三
四
五
六
七
八
内容
判断(10%)
选择(40%)
概念(20%)
问答(30%)
卷面(100%)
折合(70%)
平时(30%)
总分
得分
评卷教师
得分
Part
TrueorFalse(10points)
1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______
6.______7.______8.______9.______10.______
得分
PartIIMultipleChoices(40points)
1
A
B
C
D
2
A
B
C
D
3
A
B
C
D
4
A
B
C
D
5
A
B
C
D
6
A
B
C
D
7
A
B
C
D
8
A
B
C
D
9
A
B
C
D
10
A
B
C
D
11
A
B
C
D
12
A
B
C
D
13
A
B
C
D
14
A
B
C
D
15
A
B
C
D
16
A
B
C
D
17
A
B
C
D
18
A
B
C
D
19
A
B
C
D
20
A
B
C
D
得分
PartIIIDefinitions(20points)
1.___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4.__________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
得分
PartIVAnsweringQuestions(30points)
1.__________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
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