华东师大心理测量复习资料.docx
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华东师大心理测量复习资料.docx
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华东师大心理测量复习资料
Sagesdon'tgetintodisputesinthefirstplacebecausetheygivetootherswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.Itisasiftheyholdthelefthalfofthelendingagreement-thelender'scopy-butdonotuseittoextractloanpaymentsfromtheborrower.
Thosewhopossessvirtuearelikethesages.Metaphoricallyspeaking,theyalsoholdthelefthalfofthelendingagreement.Theygive;theydonottake.
Thosewholackvirtuearelikethetaxcollectors.Itisasiftheyholdthecollectionsnoticeoverotherpeople.Theytakefromeveryoneandgivetonoone.
Giventhisisthecase,howcanitbethatgeneroussoulsprosperwhilemisersseemtobeforeverpinchingpennies?
Shouldn'tthosewhoonlytakeendupwithmorethanthosewhoonlygive?
ItisnotbecausetheTaoplaysfavoritesandtreatsgivingpeoplebetter.Itisbecausethekarmicprinciple-theLawofCauseandEffect-ensuresthatthosewhogiveinaccordancewiththeTaowillalwaysreceiveabundantly.
Notes
WhentheancientChinesepeoplebeganbuildingtheircivilizationsomefivethousandyearsago,theyfoundthemselvesinneedofawaytokeeptrackofdebts.
Themethodhadtosomehowbeproofagainstforgery,solesstrustworthyindividualswouldn'tborrowfundsandthendenyitorclaimasmalleramount.Also,thiswasbackinthedaysbeforetheinventionofpaper,sothatmadetheproblemevenmoredifficult.
Whattheycameupwithwasclever.Lenderandborrowerwouldgetapieceofwoodortreebark,andcarvetherecordoftheirtransactionandagreementonit.Then,thiscontractwouldbesplitapartinthemiddle.Theleftpartgoestothelender;therighttotheborrower.
Thus,theleftsideofthecontractisthelender'sproofthathehasarighttodemandpayments.Whentheloanhasbeenpaid,thelendergivestheleftsidetotheborrower,thusmakingthecontractwhole.
Becausethetearinthewoodorbarkisuneven,itservesastheperfectandnaturalwaytoauthenticate.Aforgedleftsidewillneverbeabletomatchtherightside-abrilliantsolution.
TheTaoofGiving
SomeonewhogivesinaccordancewiththeTaoobservesthefollowingguidelines:
1)Appropriateamount.Taocultivatorswouldnotgivesomuchthattheydamagetheirownabilitytocontinuegivinginthefuture.Theimportantthingistobelikeasmallstreamthatkeepsflowing,asopposedtoanupendedbarrelthatsplasheswatereverywhereandhasnomoretogive.
2)Detachment.Taocultivatorsgivewithnoexpectationsorattachments.Theygiveonlyforthesakeofgiving,nottowinrecognitionorshowcasetheirgenerosity.
3)Basedonneed.Taocultivatorslookforopportunitieswheregivingwouldmakethemostsignificantdifferenceforsomeoneinneed.Inasnowstorm,theywoulddelivercoaltosomeonewhohastroublestayingwarm.Thismaynotbeveryexpensivetodo,butithasmeaningfortherecipientthatispriceless.
4)Notnecessarilytangible.Taocultivatorsrecognizethatmaterialthingsandmonetaryvaluesarenottheonlywaystogive.Theyarealsoreadytogiveanencouragingword,acheerygreeting,asmile,ablessing,apatontheback,ahelpinghand,recognition,forgiveness,courtesy,praise....Theworldisfullofwonderfulwaystogive.
80
Smallcountry,fewpeople
Letthemhavemanyweaponsbutnotusethem
Letthepeopleregarddeathseriously
Andnotmigratefaraway
Althoughtheyhaveboatsandchariots
Theyhavenoneedtotakethem
Althoughtheyhavearmorsandweapons
Theyhavenoneedtodisplaythem
Letthepeoplereturntotyingknotsandusingthem
Savortheirfood,admiretheirclothes
Contentintheirhomes,happyintheircustoms
Neighboringcountriesseeoneanother
Hearthesoundsofroostersanddogsfromoneanother
Thepeople,untiltheygrowoldanddie
Donotgobackandforthwithoneanother
Theidealplaceisasmallcountrywithfewpeopleinit.Thisplaceisfreeofconflictandstrife.Eventhoughtheyhavehundredsofmilitaryinstruments,theydon'tneedtousethem.Thepeopletreatlife-and-deathissueswithseriousregard,anddonotneedtorisktheirlivesinadangerousmigrationtofarawayplaces.
Peaceprevailsinsuchaplace,soeventhoughthepeoplehaveboatsandchariots,theyhavenoneedtousethemtogetawayfromthiscountry.Similarly,eventhoughtheyarenopacifistsandpossessarmorsandweapons,theyhavenoneedtoshowaggressionbyputtingthemondisplay.
Thepeoplelivesimplyandreturntotheoldwayoflife.Theymakefulluseofsimplesolutions,suchastyingknotstorecordevents.Theirfoodisnotelaborate,buttheyfinditdelicious;theirclothesarenotextravagant,andyetbeautifulintheirelegantsimplicity.Theirhomesarenotluxurious,buttheyfeelcontent,safeandcomfortableinthem.Theircustomsaredown-to-
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