学年译林版英语必修3课件Unit 2 Section Ⅰ 知能演练轻松闯关.docx
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学年译林版英语必修3课件Unit 2 Section Ⅰ 知能演练轻松闯关.docx
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学年译林版英语必修3课件Unit2SectionⅠ知能演练轻松闯关
A卷[学生用书P97(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
English
languagelearners,alsoknownasELLs,arestudentswithlimitedEnglishabilities.AmericanpublicschoolsystemsseektodevelopprogramstohelpsuchstudentsimprovetheirEnglish.Thegoalistogivestudentsthelanguageskillstheyneedtofullytakepartineducationalactivitiesandhelpthemsucceedintheclassroom.StudieshaveshownclearconnectionsbetweengreaterEnglishlanguageabilitiesandimprovededucationalresults.
ThestatewiththehighestnumberofELLstudentswasCalifornia.TwentyonepercentofitspublicschoolstudentswereEnglishlanguagelearnersin2015.ThenexthigheststateswereTexasandNevada.Nearly17percentofbothstates’studentswereELLs.Ineightstates,ELLsmadeup10percentormoreofthetotalpublicschoolstudents.
ThirtysixstatesandtheDistrictofColumbiasawariseinthenumberofELLstudentsfrom2010to2015.Thelargestincrease—3percent—wasreportedinMassachusetts.In14states,thepercentageofELLsfellin2015comparedto2010.Thelargestdrop,whichwas4percent,wasreportedinthewesternstateofNevada.
About77percentofELLstudentssaidtheymainlyspokeSpanishathome.TwentyonepercentofSpanishspeakingELLslivedinCalifornia.ArabicisthesecondmostcommonlanguagespokenathomebyELLstudents.ChineseisthethirdmostcommonlyspokenlanguagebyAmericanELLstudents.About2percentofthetotal—orabout101,000students—identified(认定)themselvesasChinesespeakersathome.About81,000ELLstudentsreportedspeakingVietnameseathome.Thatis1.7percentofallELLs.
About14percentofELLslivedincities,theNationalCenterforEducationStatisticsreported.Ninepercentlivedinsuburban(郊区的)areas.Andaround6.5percentlivedinsmalltowns,while3.6percentwereinthecountryside.
Notsurprisingly,mostEnglishlanguagelearnerswereinlowergradelevels.In2015,67percentofstudentswereeitherinkindergartenorgrades1through5.Theother33percentwereinsixththrough12thgrades.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。
美国的很多公立学校里有很多英语不好的学生,他们的英语能力影响到了他们的学习成绩。
1.WhatcanweknowaboutELLsinAmericaduring2010to2015?
A.OverhalfofELLslivedinsuburbanareas.
B.MassachusettshadthehighestnumberofELLs.
C.ThereweremoreandmoreELLsinmanystates.
D.ThenumberofELLsinCaliforniaincreasedby21%.
C 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段的ThirtysixstatesandtheDistrictofColumbiasawariseinthenumberofELLstudentsfrom2010to2015.Thelargestincrease—3percent—wasreportedinMassachusetts.可知,在2010年至2015年间,有三十六个州英语语言学习者的数量都在上升。
2.WhichofthefollowingisthemostwidelyspokenbyAmericanELLsathome?
A.Arabic.B.Spanish.
C.Chinese.D.Vietnamese.
B 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第四段内容可知,美国英语语言学习者在家里说西班牙语最普遍。
3.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?
A.LanguagesspokenintheUS.
B.ProgramstohelpELLsintheUS.
C.EnglishlanguagelearnersintheUS.
D.ThemostpopularlanguagesintheUS.
C 解析:
主旨大意题。
根据文章内容可知,本文围绕美国那些英语能力不高的英语语言学习者展开,介绍了其数量、比例、分布地区以及能力水平方面的相关信息。
B
Gabriella’sfamilyimmigratedtotheUSfromPeruwhenshewastwoyearsold.Asacompoundbilingual(熟谙两种语言的人),Gabrielladevelopstwolinguisticcodesatthesametime,withasetofconcepts,learningbothEnglishandSpanish.Herteenagebrother,ontheotherhand,mightbeacoordinatebilingual,workingwithtwosetsofconcepts,learningEnglishinschool,spanishathome.Finally,Gabriella’sparentsarelikelytobesubordinatebilingualswholearnedasecondlanguagebytranslatingitintotheirmothertongue.
Regardlessofaccentandpronunciation,alltypesofbilingualpeoplecanbecomefullyproficientinalanguage.Itseemsthatthedifferencemaynotbeapparent.Butrecentlybrainimagingtechnologyhasgivenaglimpseintohowspecificaspectsoflanguagelearningaffectthebilingualbrain.It’swellknownthatthebrain’slefthemisphere(半球)isinchargeoflogicalprocesses,whiletherighthemisphereismoreactiveinemotionalandsocialones.Languageinvolvesbothtypesoffunctions.Criticalperiodhypothesissayschildrenlearnlanguagesmoreeasilybecausetheirdevelopingbrainsletthemusebothhemispheresinlanguagelearning,whileinmostadults,languagereliesononehemisphere,usuallytheleft.
Beforethe1960s,bilingualismwasconsideredahandicapthatslowedthechildren’sdevelopmentbyforcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetweenlanguages.Butarecentstudydidshowthatbilingualismmaymakeyousmarter.Itdoesmakeyourbrainmorecomplex,healthier,andmoreactivelyengaged,andevenifyoudidn’thavethegoodfortuneoflearningasecondlanguagelikeachild,it’snevertoolatetodoyourselfafavorandmakethelinguisticleapform“Hello”to“Hola”“Bonjour”or“nihao”becausewhenitcomestoourbrains,alittleexercisecangoalongway.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。
研究发现,双语学习能使大脑更聪明、健康和活跃;学习外语永远不迟。
4.WhyisGabriella’sfamilyusedastheexampleinParagraph1?
A.Toshowthatthefamilyarebilinguals.
B.Toexplaintheadvantagesofbilinguals.
C.Toillustratethethreetypesofbilinguals.
D.Toproveallagescanlearnforeignlanguages.
C 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段的内容可知,Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人,即Gabriella同时学习英语和西班牙语;她的弟弟在学校学习英语,在家里学习西班牙语;她的父母则通过将第二语言翻译为母语来学习第二语言。
据此可知,第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人,故C项正确。
5.Whydothechildrenlearnlanguagesmoreeasilythanadults?
A.Becausetheylearnlanguageswithasetofconcepts.
B.Becausetheyusebothhemispherestolearnlanguages.
C.Becausetheirmothertonguedoesn’tinfluencethemmuch.
D.Becausetheycaneasilytranslateonelanguageintoanother.
B 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段尾句中的“childrenlearnlanguagesmoreeasilybecausetheirdevelopingbrainsletthemusebothhemispheresinlanguagelearning,whileinmostadults,languagereliesononehemisphere,usuallytheleft”可知,儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个脑半球,而在大多数成年人中,学习语言依赖于一个脑半球,通常是左半球,故B项正确。
6.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“handicap”underlinedinParagraph3?
A.Disease.B.Disability.
C.Disadvantage.D.Illness.
C 解析:
词义猜测题。
根据第三段第一句“Beforethe1960s,bilingualismwasconsideredahandicapthatslowedthechildren’sdevelopmentbyforcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetweenlanguages.”,尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetweenlanguages”并结合语境可推知,画线词与C项“不利因素,障碍”意思相近,故C项正确。
7.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?
A.Theleftbrainismoreimportantforlanguagelearning.
B.Learninglanguagescanpromotethebraindevelopment.
C.Theproficiencyoflanguagebecomesweakgraduallywithage.
D.Immigrantshaveadvantagesinlearninglanguagesovernatives.
B 解析:
推理判断题。
根据第三段第二、三句中的“Butarecentstudydidshowthatbilingualismmaymakeyousmarter.Itdoesmakeyourbrainmorecomplex,healthier,andmoreactivelyengaged”可知,研究确实表明,双语可能会让你更聪明,它会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃;据此可推知,语言学习促进大脑的发展,故B项正确。
C
Ifyouhaveachancetotakeawalkinapark,lookcarefullyatthepeoplewalkingtheirdogs.You’llprobablyfindfriendlylookingpeoplewithfriendlydogs;quietpeoplewithquietdogs;largemenwithoversizeddogsandlonghairedwomenwithlongeareddogs.Asyou’veprobablynoticed,dogsandtheirownerslookalike.Haveyoueverwonderedwhy?
Thesesimilaritiesaresocommonthatresearchershavetriedtoexplainthem.Therearetwotheories(理论):
theconvergencetheoryandtheselectiontheory.Theconvergencetheorysaysthatastheownerandthedogspendmoretimetogether,theyinfluenceeachothertothepointwheretheygrowsimilar.Inotherwords,they“converge”.Theselectiontheory,ontheotherhand,saysthatownersareinterestedindogsthatlooklikethem,sotheychoosethosedogsaspets.
Recently,researchersattheUniversityofCaliforniadecidedtotestthetwotheoriesbytakingpicturesof45dogsseparatelyfromtheirowners.Thentheyaskedsomestudentstomatchthedogs’photoswiththeirowners.Thestudentswerequitesuccessfulwithpurebred(纯种的)dogs:
theycorrectlymatched16outof25withtheirowners.However,theyhadalmostnosuccessconnectingmixedbreed(杂交的)dogswiththeirowners.Whenownersselectapurebreddog,theycaneasilypredict(预测)whatitwilllooklikelater.Butthatisnottruewithmixedbreeddogsbecauseit’shardtopredictwhatamixedbreeddogwilllooklikewhenitgrowsup.Andsinceitwasthepurebredsnotthemixedbreedsthatlookedliketheirowners,theresearchseemstoprovethe“selectiontheory”.
Butonebitofwarning.Althoughmanypeoplelookliketheirdogs,notalldogownersenjoyhavingthesimilaritypointedouttothem.So,evenifthesimilarityisamazing,don’tgouptoastrangerandsay,“Wow,youlookjustlikeyourdog!
”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章指出很多狗和它们的主人长相相似,并介绍了此现象背后的两个理论以及所做的研究。
8.Theconvergencetheoryexplainsthatthesimilaritybetweendogsandtheirowners________.
A.decreaseswiththeageofthem
B.decreaseswithincreasingdifferences
C.increaseswiththeperiodofownership
D.increaseswithincreasingattractiveness
C 解析:
推理判断题。
由第二段中的“Theconvergencetheorysaysthatastheownerandthedogspendmoretimetogether,theyinfluenceeachothertothepointwheretheygrowsimilar.”可知,趋于一致理论告诉我们:
狗和主人在一起的时间越长,长相越相似。
9.Accordingtotheselectiontheory,whydodogslookliketheirowners?
A.Theyinfluenceeachother.
B.Theyoftendothesamething.
C.Dogsfollowwhattheirownersdo.
D.Ownerspickdogsthatlooklikethem.
D 解析:
细节理解题。
由第二段中的“Theselectiontheory,ontheotherhand,saysthatownersareinterestedindogsthatlooklikethem,sotheychoosethosedogsaspets.”可知,根据选择理论,狗主人在选择宠物狗的时候,会挑选那些和他们长相相似的。
10.What’sthepurposeoftheresearch?
A.Totesttwosimilaritytheories.
B.Toprovetheselectiontheory.
C.Tohelppeoplechooseproperdogs.
D.Toshowthedifferencesbetweendogs.
A 解析:
细节理解题。
由第三段中的“Recently,researchersattheU
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