完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理解能力.docx
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完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理解能力.docx
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完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理解能力
完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理解能力,是广大学生倍感畏惧的题型。
很多学生都会问老师怎样才能做好完形填空这道题,多数的回答要么很理论,要么很笼统,学生听后感觉还是模糊不清。
本人通过多年的学习、思考和总结,归纳出了多种解题方法:
顺势承接法,逆向推导法,逻辑推理法,情景排除法,词语搭配法,词语复现法,主旨匹配法,首句联想法,呼应对照法,语气判定法等。
下面就结合高考实例介绍其中的几种方法,希望大家指正。
1.顺势承接法
完形填空的某些空白前,有时会出现或多或少的设空依据,就是所谓的“伏笔”或“铺垫”。
优秀的学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或铺垫,对下文顺势进行判断和推测,心中往往能预想到答案,并且在阅读过程中对预想答案不断进行修正。
[例1](2010年高考北京卷)mrs.neidlwouldaskmeformy 37 .shewantedtoknowhowithoughtweshould 38 things.atfirstihadnoideahowtoanswerbecauseiknew 39 aboutstagedesign!
butislowlybegantorespondtoher 40 .itwascauseandeffect:
shebelievedihadopinions,soibeganto 41 them.shetrustedmetocompletethings,soicompletedthemperfectly.shelovedhow 42 iwas,soibegantoshowuptopaintmoreandmore.shebelievedinme,soibegantobelieveinmyself.
37.a.opinion b.impression c.information d.intention
38.a.make b.keep c.handle d.change
39.a.anything b.something c.everything d.nothing
40.a.questions b.comments c.explanations d.remarks
41.a.hold b.follow c.evaluate d.form
42.a.happy b.lively c.reliable d.punctual
解析:
根据前文的伏笔wouldaskmeformy…;howtoanswer,用顺势承接法可推知40答案分别为a。
根据前面的shebelievedihadopinions,顺势可推知41为d(形成自己的看法)。
[例2]onemorning,theboycametorobertwithabeautifulmapofanisland.robert 44 thattheboyhaddrawnalargecrossinthemiddleof 45 .“what'sthat?
”heasked.“that'sthe 46 treasure,”saidtheboy.robertsuddenly 47 somethingofanadventurestoryintheboy's 48 .
44.a.doubted b.noticed c.decided d.recognized
45.a.thesea b.thehouse c.scotland d.theisland
46.a.forgotten b.buried c.discovered d.unexpected
47.a.saw b.drew c.made d.learned
48.a.book b.reply c.picture d.mind
解析:
根据前文的伏笔abeautifulmapofanisland,用顺势承接法可推知45题和48题的答案分别为d和c。
2.逆向推导法
完形填空题的选项往往需要考生根据文章下文提供的暗示进行判断和确定,这就需要考生要想办法在下文中找出这些暗示或依据,从后往前进行推导。
此即我们常说的“瞻前顾后”中的“顾后”。
[例1](2010年高考湖北卷)thepassengersonthebuswatchedwithsympathyassusanmadeherwaycarefullyupthesteps.shepaidthedriverandthen,usingherhandsto 31 theseats,settledinoneofthem.
ithadbeenayearsincesusanbecameblind.astheresultofanaccidentshewassuddenlythrownintoaworldof 32 .susan’shusbandmarkwatchedher 33 intohopelessnessandhewas 34 touseeverypossiblemeanstohelphiswife.
31.a.touch b.grab c.count d.feel
32.a.weakness b.sickness c.darkness d.sadness
33.a.run b.sink c.jump d.step
34.a.inspired b.determined c.honored d.pleased
解析:
根据3第二段中的becameblind可逆向推知31题的答案为c。
[例2](2009全国卷i)onthemorningofhisgraduationdayhisfathercalledhimintohisownstudyandtoldhimhow 39 hewastohavesuchafineson.hehandedhissonabeautifulgiftbox. 40 butslightlydisappointed,theyoungman 41 theboxandfoundalovelybook, 42 ,heraisedhisvoiceathisfatherandsaid.“ 43 allyourmoneyyougivemeabook?
”andrushedoutofthehouse 44 thebookinthestudy.
39.a.encouraged b.comfortable c.proud d.moved
40.a.nervous b.serious c.careful d.curious
41.a.packed b.opened c.pickedup d.putaside
42.a.angrily b.eagerly c.calmly d.anxiously
解析:
根据39空后面的afineson可推知39题的答案为c。
根据raisedhisvoiceathisfather可推知42题答案为a。
3.逻辑推理法
文章的段与段,句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系,如:
并列关系,转折关系,递进关系,因果关系等。
完形填空经常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关系的把握。
因此,理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。
[例1](2010年高考江苏卷)iwasnineyearsoldwhensheenteredourhomeinruralvirginia.myfather__36__metoherwiththesewords:
“iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois__37 forbeingtheworstboyinthiscountyandwillprobablystartthrowingrocksatyouno__38 thantomorrowmorning.”
mystepmotherwalkedovertome,__39 myheadslightlyupward,andlookedmerightintheeye.thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied,“youare__40 .thisisnottheworstboyatall,__41 thesmartestonewhohasn’tyetfoundanoutlet(释放的途径)forhisenthusiasm.”
36.a.rushed b.sent c.carried d.introduced
37.a.distinguished b.favored c.mistaken d.rewarded
38.a.sooner b.later c.longer d.earlier
39.a.dragged b.shook c.raised d.bent
40.a.perfect b.right c.wrong d.impolite
41.a.but b.so c.and d.or
解析:
41题前后两句话很明显是转折关系,所以答案应为a。
[例2](2010年高考江西卷)whenalicestartedtocyclehomefromjenny’shouse,shewasn’tnervous.shewascertainlynotafraidofthedark. 36 ,itwasonlya15-minuteridehome.buthalfwaythere,shebegantowishthatshehadn’tbeenso 37 .
assheroundedasharpbend,itsuddenly 38 cold-verycold.alice’sbreathbecamepuffsofwhitecloudandherlegsweresocoldthatitbecamehardtoride.
36.a.however b.besides c.therefore d.otherwise
37.a.brave b.excited c.curious d.stubborn
38.a.fell b.seemed c.proved d.grew
解析:
36题前后两句话很明显是递进关系,所以答案应为b。
4.情景排除法
情景排除法。
完形填空题中的某些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”或“暗示”的。
这时就要示考生对空白前后的情景进行合理想像,然后用排除法确定正确选项,因为四个选项中必有一正确选项。
[例1](2010年高考江苏卷)wheniturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhand__47 andtoldmethatshebelievedthaticouldbecomeawriter.iknewherenthusiasm,i__48 it,andisawhowithadalreadyimprovedourlives.iacceptedher__49 andbegantowriteforlocalnewspapers.iwasdoingthesamekindof__50 thatgreatdayiwenttointerviewandrewcarnegieandreceivedthetaskwhichbecamemylife’sworklater.iwasn’tthe__51 beneficiary(受益者).myfatherbecamethe__52 manintown.mybrotherandstepbrothersbecameaphysician,adentist,alawyer,andacollegepresident.
whatpower__53 has!
whenthatpowerisreleasedtosupportthecertaintyofone’spurposeandis__54 strengthenedbyfaith,itbecomesanirresistible(不可抗拒的)forcewhichpovertyandtemporarydefeatcannever__55 .
47.a.camera b.radio c.bicycle d.typewriter
48.a.considered b.suspected c.ignored d.appreciated
49.a.belief b.request c.criticism d.description
50.a.teaching b.writing c.studying d.reading
51.a.next b.same c.only d.real
52.a.cleverest b.wealthiest c.strongest d.healthiest
53.a.enthusiasm b.sympathy c.fortune d.confidence
54.a.deliberately b.happily c.traditionally d.constantly
55.a.win b.match c.reach d.doubt
解析:
52题在上下文中找不到伏笔或暗示,但根据空白前后给出的情景还是能推测出答案的。
“我不是唯一的受益者”“我的哥哥弟弟们成了内科医生,牙医,律师,大学校长”,这可都是有钱人啊。
因此可推出他爸爸也很富有。
故52题的答案为b。
54题,情景应该是“信任使这种力量不断加强,最后成为不可抗拒的力量。
”故答案为d。
[例2](2010年高考全国卷ii)abouttwentyminutesintotheadventure,theentireairplanebecamevery 30 .therewasnowasenseofanxietyandfearthatcouldbe 31 noticed.everypassengersimplyheldonfordearlife…exceptone.a 32 washavingagoodtime!
witheachbumpofthe 33 ,hewouldletoutagiggle(咯咯的笑)ofdelight.asiobservedthis,i 34 thathedidn’tknowhewassupposedtobeafraidandworriedabouthis 35 .heneitherthoughtaboutthepastnoraboutthefuture.thosearewhatwegrown-upshavelearnedfrom 36 .hewas 37 theridebecausehehadnotyetbeentaughttofearit.havingunderstoodthis,itookadeepbreathand 38 backintomyseat,pretendingiwas 39 onarollercoaster.ismiledfortherestoftheflight.ieven 40 togiggleonceortwice,muchtothechagrin(懊恼)ofthemansittingnexttomeholdingtheairsicknessbag.
30.a.quiet b.hot c.dirty d.crowded
31.a.partly b.gradually c.shortly d.clearly
32.a.pilot b.baby c.guard d.man
33.a.seats b.passengers c.flight d.airplane
34.a.realized b.hoped c.agreed d.insisted
35.a.health b.safety c.joy d.future
36.a.teachers b.books c.experience d.practice
37.a.learning b.taking c.missing d.enjoying
38.a.sat b.lay c.went d.rode
39.a.nearly b.finally c.really d.suddenly
40.a.attempted b.managed c.wanted d.decided
解析:
35题与36题在上下文中找不到伏笔或暗示,但根据空白前后给出的情景还是能推测出答案的。
“小孩太小,还不懂事,对自己的安全全然不知”;“大人们害怕、担心,那是他们从经历中学到的”。
故35题和36题的答案分别为b和c。
5.词语搭配法
词语搭配法。
完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的搭配,主要考查动词与名词,动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。
掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。
[例1](2010年高考北京卷)mrs.neidl's 43 thatyearwas,“tryit.wecanalwayspaintoverit 44 !
”ibegantotake 45 .ihadbeensoafraidoffailingbutsuddenlytherewasnofailing--onlythingstobe46 upon.ilearnedtodipmybrushintothepaintand 47 createsomething.
theshy,quietfreshmanachievedsuccessthatyear.iwas 48 intheprogramas“studentartassistant”becauseofthetimeandefforti’dputin.itwasthatyearthati 49 iwantedtospendtherestofmylifedoingstagedesign.
43.a.message b.motto c.saying d.suggestion
44.a.again b.more c.instead d.later
45.a.steps b.control c.charge d.risks
46.a.improved b.acted c.looked d.reflected
47.a.easily b.carefully c
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