SugataMitraBuildaSchoolintheCloud.docx
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SugataMitraBuildaSchoolintheCloud.docx
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SugataMitraBuildaSchoolintheCloud
Whatisgoingtobethefutureoflearning?
Idohaveaplan,butinorderformetotellyouwhatthatplanis,Ineedtotellyoualittlestory,whichkindofsetsthestage.
Itriedtolookatwheredidthekindoflearningwedoinschools,wherediditcomefrom?
Andyoucanlookfarbackintothepast,butifyoulookatpresent-dayschoolingthewayitis,it'squiteeasytofigureoutwhereitcamefrom.Itcamefromabout300yearsago,anditcamefromthelastandthebiggestoftheempiresonthisplanet.["TheBritishEmpire"]Imaginetryingtoruntheshow,tryingtoruntheentireplanet,withoutcomputers,withouttelephones,withdatahandwrittenonpiecesofpaper,andtravelingbyships.ButtheVictoriansactuallydidit.Whattheydidwasamazing.Theycreatedaglobalcomputermadeupofpeople.It'sstillwithustoday.It'scalledthebureaucraticadministrativemachine.Inordertohavethatmachinerunning,youneedlotsandlotsofpeople.Theymadeanothermachinetoproducethosepeople:
theschool.Theschoolswouldproducethepeoplewhowouldthenbecomepartsofthebureaucraticadministrativemachine.Theymustbeidenticaltoeachother.Theymustknowthreethings:
Theymusthavegoodhandwriting,becausethedataishandwritten;theymustbeabletoread;andtheymustbeabletodomultiplication,division,additionandsubtractionintheirhead.TheymustbesoidenticalthatyoucouldpickoneupfromNewZealandandshipthemtoCanadaandhewouldbeinstantlyfunctional.TheVictoriansweregreatengineers.Theyengineeredasystemthatwassorobustthatit'sstillwithustoday,continuouslyproducingidenticalpeopleforamachinethatnolongerexists.Theempireisgone,sowhatarewedoingwiththatdesignthatproducestheseidenticalpeople,andwhatarewegoingtodonextifweeveraregoingtodoanythingelsewithit?
["Schoolsasweknowthemareobsolete"]
Sothat'saprettystrongcommentthere.Isaidschoolsasweknowthemnow,they'reobsolete.I'mnotsayingthey'rebroken.It'squitefashionabletosaythattheeducationsystem'sbroken.It'snotbroken.It'swonderfullyconstructed.It'sjustthatwedon'tneeditanymore.It'soutdated.Whatarethekindofjobsthatwehavetoday?
Well,theclerksarethecomputers.They'rethereinthousandsineveryoffice.Andyouhavepeoplewhoguidethosecomputerstodotheirclericaljobs.Thosepeopledon'tneedtobeabletowritebeautifullybyhand.Theydon'tneedtobeabletomultiplynumbersintheirheads.Theydoneedtobeabletoread.Infact,theyneedtobeabletoreaddiscerningly.
Well,that'stoday,butwedon'tevenknowwhatthejobsofthefuturearegoingtolooklike.Weknowthatpeoplewillworkfromwherevertheywant,whenevertheywant,inwhateverwaytheywant.Howispresent-dayschoolinggoingtopreparethemforthatworld?
Well,Ibumpedintothiswholethingcompletelybyaccident.IusedtoteachpeoplehowtowritecomputerprogramsinNewDelhi,14yearsago.AndrightnexttowhereIusedtowork,therewasaslum.AndIusedtothink,howonEartharethosekidsevergoingtolearntowritecomputerprograms?
Orshouldtheynot?
Atthesametime,wealsohadlotsofparents,richpeople,whohadcomputers,andwhousedtotellme,"Youknow,myson,Ithinkhe'sgifted,becausehedoeswonderfulthingswithcomputers.Andmydaughter--oh,surelysheisextra-intelligent."Andsoon.SoIsuddenlyfiguredthat,howcomealltherichpeoplearehavingtheseextraordinarilygiftedchildren?
(Laughter)Whatdidthepoordowrong?
Imadeaholeintheboundarywalloftheslumnexttomyoffice,andstuckacomputerinsideitjusttoseewhatwouldhappenifIgaveacomputertochildrenwhoneverwouldhaveone,didn'tknowanyEnglish,didn'tknowwhattheInternetwas.
Thechildrencamerunningin.Itwasthreefeetofftheground,andtheysaid,"Whatisthis?
"
AndIsaid,"Yeah,it's,Idon'tknow."(Laughter)
Theysaid,"Whyhaveyouputitthere?
"
Isaid,"Justlikethat."
Andtheysaid,"Canwetouchit?
"Isaid,"Ifyouwishto."
AndIwentaway.Abouteighthourslater,wefoundthembrowsingandteachingeachotherhowtobrowse.SoIsaid,"Wellthat'simpossible,because--Howisitpossible?
Theydon'tknowanything."
Mycolleaguessaid,"No,it'sasimplesolution.Oneofyourstudentsmusthavebeenpassingby,showedthemhowtousethemouse."
SoIsaid,"Yeah,that'spossible."
SoIrepeatedtheexperiment.Iwent300milesoutofDelhiintoareallyremotevillagewherethechancesofapassingsoftwaredevelopmentengineerwasverylittle.(Laughter)Irepeatedtheexperimentthere.Therewasnoplacetostay,soIstuckmycomputerin,Iwentaway,camebackafteracoupleofmonths,foundkidsplayinggamesonit.
Whentheysawme,theysaid,"Wewantafasterprocessorandabettermouse."
(Laughter)
SoIsaid,"HowonEarthdoyouknowallthis?
"
Andtheysaidsomethingveryinterestingtome.Inanirritatedvoice,theysaid,"You'vegivenusamachinethatworksonlyinEnglish,sowehadtoteachourselvesEnglishinordertouseit."(Laughter)That'sthefirsttime,asateacher,thatIhadheardtheword"teachourselves"saidsocasually.
Here'sashortglimpsefromthoseyears.That'sthefirstdayattheHoleintheWall.Onyourrightisaneight-year-old.Tohisleftishisstudent.She'ssix.Andhe'steachingherhowtobrowse.Thenontootherpartsofthecountry,Irepeatedthisoverandoveragain,gettingexactlythesameresultsthatwewere.["Holeinthewallfilm-1999"]Aneight-year-oldtellinghiseldersisterwhattodo.AndfinallyagirlexplaininginMarathiwhatitis,andsaid,"There'saprocessorinside."
SoIstartedpublishing.Ipublishedeverywhere.Iwrotedownandmeasuredeverything,andIsaid,inninemonths,agroupofchildrenleftalonewithacomputerinanylanguagewillreachthesamestandardasanofficesecretaryintheWest.I'dseenithappenoverandoverandoveragain.
ButIwascurioustoknow,whatelsewouldtheydoiftheycoulddothismuch?
Istartedexperimentingwithothersubjects,amongthem,forexample,pronunciation.There'sonecommunityofchildreninsouthernIndiawhoseEnglishpronunciationisreallybad,andtheyneededgoodpronunciationbecausethatwouldimprovetheirjobs.Igavethemaspeech-to-textengineinacomputer,andIsaid,"Keeptalkingintoituntilittypeswhatyousay."(Laughter)Theydidthat,andwatchalittlebitofthis.
Computer:
Nicetomeetyou.Child:
Nicetomeetyou.
SugataMitra:
ThereasonIendedwiththefaceofthisyoungladyoverthereisbecauseIsuspectmanyofyouknowher.ShehasnowjoinedacallcenterinHyderabadandmayhavetorturedyouaboutyourcreditcardbillsinaveryclearEnglishaccent.
Sothenpeoplesaid,well,howfarwillitgo?
Wheredoesitstop?
IdecidedIwoulddestroymyownargumentbycreatinganabsurdproposition.Imadeahypothesis,aridiculoushypothesis.TamilisasouthIndianlanguage,andIsaid,canTamil-speakingchildreninasouthIndianvillagelearnthebiotechnologyofDNAreplicationinEnglishfromastreetsidecomputer?
AndIsaid,I'llmeasurethem.They'llgetazero.I'llspendacoupleofmonths,I'llleaveitforacoupleofmonths,I'llgoback,they'llgetanotherzero.I'llgobacktothelabandsay,weneedteachers.Ifoundavillage.ItwascalledKallikuppaminsouthernIndia.IputinHoleintheWallcomputersthere,downloadedallkindsofstufffromtheInternetaboutDNAreplication,mostofwhichIdidn'tunderstand.
Thechildrencamerushing,said,"What'sallthis?
"
SoIsaid,"It'sverytopical,veryimportant.Butit'sallinEnglish."
Sotheysaid,"HowcanweunderstandsuchbigEnglishwordsanddiagramsandchemistry?
"
Sobynow,Ihaddevelopedanewpedagogicalmethod,soIappliedthat.Isaid,"Ihaven'tthefoggiestidea."(Laughter)"Andanyway,Iamgoingaway."(Laughter)
SoIleftthemforacoupleofmonths.They'dgotazero.Igavethematest.Icamebackaftertwomonthsandthechildrentroopedinandsaid,"We'veunderstoodnothing."
SoIsaid,"Well,whatdidIexpect?
"SoIsaid,"Okay,buthowlongdidittakeyoubeforeyoudecidedthatyoucan'tunderstandanything?
"
Sotheysaid,"Wehaven'tgivenup.Welookatiteverysingleday."
SoIsaid,"What?
Youdon'tunderstandthesescreensandyoukeepstaringatitfortwomonths?
Whatfor?
"
Soalittlegirlwhoyouseejustnow,sheraisedherhand,andshesaystomeinbrokenTamilandEnglish,shesaid,"Well,apartfromthefactthatimproperreplicationoftheDNAmoleculecausesdisease,wehaven'tunderstoodanythingelse."
(Laughter)(Applause)
SoItestedthem.Igotaneducationalimpossibility,zeroto30percentintwomonthsinthetropicalheatwithacomputerunderthetreeinalanguagetheydidn'tknowdoingsomethingthat'sadecadeaheadoftheirtime.Absurd.ButIhadtofollowtheVictoriannorm.Thirtypercentisafail.HowdoIgetthemtopass?
Ihavetogetthem20moremarks.Icouldn'tfindateacher.WhatIdidfindwasafriendthattheyhad,a22-year-oldgirlwhowasanaccountantandsheplayedwiththemallthetime.
SoIaskedthisgirl,"Canyouhelpthem?
"
Soshesays,"Absolutelynot.Ididn'thavescienceinschool.Ihavenoideawhatthey'redoingunderthattreealldaylong.Ican'thelpyou."
Isaid,"I'lltellyouwhat.Usethemethodofthegrandmother."
Soshesays,"What'sthat?
"
Isaid,"Standbehindthem.Whenevertheydoanything,youjustsay,'Well,wow,Imean,howdidyoudothat?
What'sthenextpage?
Gosh,whenIwasyourage,Icouldhaveneverdonethat.'Youknowwhatgranniesdo."
Soshedidthatfortwomoremonths.Thescoresjumpedto5
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