英美文化2旅游景点英语资料.docx
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英美文化2旅游景点英语资料.docx
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英美文化2旅游景点英语资料
英美文化2旅游景点英语
TouristSpotsinAmerica
AstheUSisstandingonthetopoftheworld,itseconomyisprosperous.Notonlyistheprosperduetoitsindustrialdevelopment,butalsothetourismdevotestothecountry’sdeveloping.
TheUnitedStateshasalwaysbeenalandofextremes.Europeanexplorerswerestaggeredbythesheerwastnessoftheland,andgenerationsofimmigrantshavearrivedherewiththebiggestdreamsimaginable.
TheBiggestCity:
NewYork
NewYorkhasbeenthepopularcityintheUSsincethefirstcensuswastakenin1790,butitwasn’tuntiltheinaugurationoftheEricCanalin1825thatitsnumbersreallytookoff,nearlytriplingby1840.ByconnectingtheHudsonRivertoLakeErie,thewaterwayusheredinaneweraintradethatrocketedthecitytotheeconomicpreeminenceitenjoystothisday.Forvisitor,thatprosperitytranslatesintounparalleledartcollections,theater,musicandcuisine.Andwhileworld–classmuseumssuchastheMetropolitanMuseumofartandtheGuggenheimcancomewithaheftysuggesteddonation,NewYorkalsoofferssomeofthechoicestlow–cost–or–free–attractionsanywhereintheworld,includingholidaydepartment–storedisplays,theimmenseChristmastreeatRockefellercenter,andpublicskatingrinksinseverallocations,includingcozyBryantpark,rightinMidtown.
IntheNewYorkCity,therearealargenumberofscenicspotslocatingthere.
ThemostusefulisGrandCentralTerminal(GCT)whichiscolloquiallycalledGrandCentralStation,orshortenedtosimplyGrandCentral—isacommuterrailterminalstationat42ndStreetandParkAvenueinMidtownManhattaninNewYorkCity,UnitedStates.BuiltbyandnamedfortheNewYorkCentralRailroadintheheydayofAmericanlong-distancepassengertrains,itisthelargesttrainstationintheworldbynumberofplatforms:
44,with67tracksalongthem.Theyareontwolevels,bothbelowground,with41tracksontheupperleveland26onthelower,thoughthetotalnumberoftracksalongplatformsandinrailyardsexceeds100.WhentheLongIslandRailRoad'snewstationopensin2016(seeEastSideAccess),GrandCentralwillofferatotalof75tracksand48platforms.Theterminalcoversanareaof48acres.
Althoughtheterminalhasbeenproperlycalled"GrandCentralTerminal"since1913,manypeoplecontinuetorefertoitas"GrandCentralStation.""GrandCentralStation"isthenameofthenearbypostoffice,aswellasthenameofapreviousrailstationonthesite,anditisalsousedtorefertoaNewYorkCitysubwaystationatthesamelocation.
AccordingtothetravelmagazineTravel+LeisureinitsOctober2011survey,GrandCentralTerminalis"theworld'snumbersixmostvisitedtouristattraction",bringinginapproximately21,600,000visitorsannually.
Besides,themostfamousparkintheNewYorkCityisCentralPark,CentralParkisoneofthoseplacesthatmakeNewYorksuchagreatplacetolive.Thehugepark,341hectarelarge,islocatedinthecenterofManhattan.Itsdesignhasservedasanexampleforcityparksaroundtheworld.
Theparkboastsseverallakes,theaters,icerinks,fountains,tenniscourts,baseballfields,manyplaygroundsandotherfacilities.ItisalsohometotheCentralParkZooandtheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.Especiallyduringtheweekends,whencarsarenotallowedintothepark,CentralParkisawelcomeoasisinthishecticcity.
WhentheterrainforCentralParkwasboughtbytheCityofNewYorkin1853,itwasfarawayfromcivilization,somewherebetweentheCityofNewYorkandthevillageHarlem.Theareacontainedshedsfromcolonists,quarries,pigfarmsandswamps.In1857,thecityofNewYorkorganizedacompetitionforthedesignofthisnewpark,whichhadtorivalwiththegreatparksinLondonandParis.AdesignbyFredericLawOlmstedandCalvertVaux,named'theGreenswardPlan'waschosen.TheplanfeaturedanEnglishstylelandscapewithlargemeadows,severallakesandhills.Windingpedestrianroadswereseparatedfrommainroadsandthehugenumberoftreesensuredthecity'sbuildingswerenotvisiblefromwithinthepark.Toconverttheswampyareaintotheparkthedesignershadenvisioned,severalhundredthousandtreeswereplanted,morethan3millioncubicyardsofsoilwasmoved,roadsandbridgeswereconstructedandalargereservoirwasdugout.Ittookmorethan15yearsbeforethe20,000workershadcompletedthepark.TheLake,Centralpark,NewYorkCity.TheLakeCentralParkimmediatelybecameapopularplaceforallNewYorkers,attractingmillionsofvisitorseachyear.
FredericLawOlmstead'sgoalwastocreateaplacewherepeoplecouldrelaxandmeditate.Hesawtheparkasakindofsocialexperimentwherepeoplefrombothupperandlowerclasseswouldmeet,aratherrevolutionaryideaatthattime.AftertheappointmentofRobertMosesin1934asNewYorkCityParksCommissioner,thefocusoftheparkshiftedfromrelaxationtorecreation.SmallbridgeatThePondDuringMoses's26yeartenureheconstructedmanysportsfacilities,playgroundsandtheWollmanrink.HealsorenovatedtheZoo,andinstalledseveralsculpturesincluding'AliceinWonderland'.
AfterthedepartureofMosesin1960,Centralparkstartedtodecline.Graffiti,garbageandcriminalitykeptbothcitizensandtouristsfromvisitingthepark.Inthe1970stheparkbecameasymbolofNewYorkCity'sdecline.RowboatsatTheLake.Thetidestartedtoturnin1980whenagroupofcitizenscreatedtheCentralParkConservancy.Togetherwiththecity,itstarteda50milliondollarrenovationproject.Severalpartsofthepark,includingSheepMeadowandBethesdaTerracewererestored.Threeemployeeswerehiredtoremovethegraffiti-ittookthemthreeyearstocompletethistask.Criminalitywasreducedwiththedeploymentofalargepoliceforce.Thankstotheseeffortsbyboththecityandprivategroups,CentralParkisnowarelativelycleanandsafeplace,visitedbymorethan30millionpeopleeachyear.
There'splentytoseeanddoinCentralPark.SportsfacilitiescanbefoundallovertheparkbutmostoftheinterestingsightsarefoundinthelowerhalfofCentralPark.You'llcomeacrosshistoricalbuildings,statues,monuments,beautifulbridges,andofcourseplentyofnature.Someofitisquiteruggedliketheforest-likeRamblewhileotherpartsoftheparkaremoremanicuredandfeaturebeautifulflowersandshrubs.Thereareeighteengatedentrancestothepark.Eachofthemhasitsownname.
TherearemanybridgesinCentralPark-eachwithauniquedesign.Oneofthemostinterestinginthe18meterlongcast-ironBowBridge,thatspansTheLakebetweenCherryHillneartheBethesdaTerraceandtheRamble,a15hectarelargewoodland.HereCentralParkisatitsmostnatural,withnarrowpathswindingthroughthicketsoftrees.Thisisapopularplaceforbird-watching:
theRambleisonatrans-Atlanticmigrationrouteandmorethan250differentbirdspecieshavebeenspottedhere.
Exceptforthesescenery,therearesomemeaningfulplacesinNewYorkforpeopletopayavisitto.
TheMetropolitanMuseumofArtisanartmuseuminNewYorkCity.Itspermanentcollectioncontainsmorethantwomillionworks,dividedamongnineteencuratorialdepartments.Themainbuilding,locatedontheeasternedgeofCentralParkalongManhattan'sMuseumMile,isbyareaoneoftheworld'slargestartgalleries.Thereisalsoamuchsmallersecondlocationat"TheCloisters"inUpperManhattanthatfeaturesmedievalart.RepresentedinthepermanentcollectionareworksofartfromclassicalantiquityandAncientEgypt,paintingsandsculpturesfromnearlyalltheEuropeanmasters,andanextensivecollectionofAmericanandmodernart.TheMetalsomaintainsextensiveholdingsofAfrican,Asian,Oceanic,Byzantine,andIslamicart.Themuseumisalsohometoencyclopediccollectionsofmusicalinstruments,costumesandaccessories,andantiqueweaponsandarmorfromaroundtheworld.Severalnotableinteriors,rangingfrom1st-centuryRomethroughmodernAmericandesign,arepermanentlyinstalledintheMet'sgalleries.
AnotherfamousinthiscityisTimeSquare,photosfromthe1970sshowadismalTimesSquarewithjustaboutaquarterofthelightsthatmakethissliceofManhattanglow.Nowtheareahasagrandstandforvisitorstotakeinthecircusofbillboards,newstickers,streetperformersandexcellentpeoplewatching.Thereisalsoadedicatedsliverwithcafetables.WhetherfortheNewYear’sballdroporjusttotakeinthesights,about80%ofallvisitorstoNewYorkcometothefamousintersection.
ThisManhattancrossroadsofcommerceretainsthetopspotonourlist,thankstoincreasedvisitationtotheBigApplein2008despitetheeconomicturndown.AccordingtotheTimesSquareAlliance,"80%ofvisitorstoNewYorkCitymakeitapointtovisitTimesSquare."TotalNYCvisitlastyearwas47million,givingusanestimateof37.6milliontravelersthroughthe"CrossroadsoftheWorld."
TouristSpotsinOtherCities
Notonlydomanybeautifulspotsinthebiggestcity–NewYork,butalsootherspotsstandinothercitiesinAmericaforpeopletovisit.
TheMountRushmoreNationalMemorialisasculpturecarvedintothegranitefaceofMountRushmorenearKeystone,SouthDakota,intheUnitedStates.SculptedbyDanish-AmericanGutzonBorglumandhisson,LincolnBorglum,MountRushmorefeatures60-footsculpturesoftheheadsofformerUnitedStatespresidentsGeorgeWashington,ThomasJefferson,TheodoreRooseveltandAbrahamLincoln.Theentirememorialcovers1,278.45acresandis5,725feetabovesealevel.ThetallestmountainintheregionisHarneyPeak.TheU.S.NationalParkServicetookcontrolofthememoria
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