美国文学.docx
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美国文学.docx
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美国文学
EdmundSpenser
AnExcerptfromFaerieQueene
ThefollowingexcerptistakenfromCantoI,BookI,inwhichRedcrosseKnightsetsoutonhisadventures.HeretheKnight,symbolizingtheAnglicanChurch,istheprotectoroftheVirginUnawhostandsfortruthorthetruereligion.
Notes:
1Thepoemiswritteninthestanzainventedbythepoethimself,theSpenserianstanza,i.e.,astanzaofninelines,withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameterandthelastlineiniambichexameter,rhymingababbcbcc.
2ycladd:
clad.
3Yetarmestillthattimedidheneverwield:
i.e.theknighthadneverfoughtinthebattlefield,sotheweaponwasnewtohim.
4Hisangrysteededidchidehisfomingbitt,/Asmuchdisdayingtothecurbetoyield:
Hishorse,foamingwithanger,groundthemouth-pieceofthebridleasiftooproudtoyieldtoitsmaster’scontrol.
5giust:
sameasjoust(theencounteroftwoknightsonhorsebackatatournament
6Anddeadaslivingeverhimadored:
Andalwaysadoredhim(JesusChrist)deadasifalive.
7Uponhisshieldthelikewasalsoscored,Forsoverainehope,whichinhishelphehad;UpohisshieldtherewasalsothemarkofaCross,asasignofsupremehopewhichhereceivedwiththehelpoftheLord.
8butofhischeeredidseemtosolemnesad:
Butinconutenanceandbearingheseemedtosolemnlygrave.Theword“cheere”heremeanscountenance.
9ydrad:
dreaded.
10hishartdidearne;hisheartdidyearn.
11puissance:
powerprowess,
12stearne:
stern.
13Yetshemuchwhiter:
heresignifyingthesurpassingpurityandspotlessnessofVirginUna.
14underavele,thatwimoledwasfulllow:
Herveilwasplaitedinfolds,fallingtocoverherface.
15asonethatinlymournd:
asonewhofeltsorrowfulatheart.
16palfrey:
asaddle-horse,esp.foralady,herereferringtoUna’sass.
17lad:
oldformfor“led”
18asthatsamelambe:
referringtothe:
ambofGod,I.e.,JesusChrist.
19Forwastedalltheirland:
thedragondevastatingthecountry.
20compeld:
oldformfor“compelled.”
21needments:
thingsneeded.
22JoveJupiter,kingofgodsinRomanmythology.
23hisLemanslap:
hissweetheart’slap:
Lemans.oldformforsweetheart,herereferringtoearth.
24Thateverywighttoshrowditdidconstrain;thateverypersonwasforcedtotakeshelter.
25fain;glad.
26spide;spied.
27Faereharbourthatthemseems:
sointheyentredarre;Itseemstothemtobeafairshelterandsotheyenterit.
ChristopherMarlowe
AnexcerptfromDr.Faustus
Dr.FaustusisthegreatestofMarlowe’splays,inwhichtheoldGermanlegendisfreelyreshaped.Faustusisagreatscholarwhohasastrongdesiretoacquireallkindsofknowledge.Hiisboredofhispresentstudyontheacademiccurriculumandturnstoblackmagic.ByconjurationhecallsupMephistophilis,theDevil’sservant.FaustusmakesabondtosellhissoultotheDevilinreturnfortwenty-fouryearsoflifeinwhichhemayhavetheservicesofMephistophilistogivehiseverythinghedesires.WiththehelpoftheDevil,FaustusbringshismagicalartintofullplayandseesthePope,AlexandertheGreatandeventhebeautifulHelenofGreece.MeanwhileFaustushasexperiencedmuchinternalconflict,symbolizedintheappearancesofbothGoodAngelandBadAngel.Inthefinalscene,thereremainsonlytheterrifyingsoliloquyinwhichtheanguishofthehero’smindispoignantlyexpressed.ThefollowingselectionistakenfromActI,whichisaboutthesigningofthebond.
1Orion’sdrizzlinglook:
Qrionwastraditionallyarainyconstellation,appearingatthebeginningofwinter.
2Qrionredis,Mephistophilis,fratrisimagine:
”Return,Mephistophilis,inthelikenessofafriar.”
3peraccidents;incidentally.
4rack:
torment.
5confound…Elysium:
wholivedbeforetheRedemptionandneitherknewofnorcouldgotoHeaven.
7passionate:
sorrowful.
8speculation;contemplation.
ThePassionate‘shepherdtoHisLove
ThisshortpoemisconsideredtobeoneofthemostbeautifullyricsinEnglishliterature.Itderivedfromthepastoraltradition,inwhichtheshepherdenjoysanidealcountrylife,cherishingapastoralandpureaffectionforhislove.Strongemotionisconveyedthroughthebeautyofmaturewhereloversarenotdisturbedbyworldlyconcern.
1prove;experience,test
2madrigal;ashortlivelyricthatcanbesettomusic.
3kirtle;alongdresswornbywomen.
4swain:
amalesuitor.
WilliamShakespeare
Sonnet18
Sonnet18isoneofthemostbeautifulsonnetswrittenbyShakespeare,inwhichhehasaprofoundmeditationonthedestructivepoweroftimeandtheeternalbeautybroughtforthbypoetrytotheoneheloves.Anicesummer’sdayisusuallytransient,
Butthebeautyinpoetryinpoetrycanlastforever.ThusShakespearehasafaithinthepermanenceofpoetry.
1asummer’sday;Hereitmayrefertoaperiodortheseasonofsummer.
2date;theperiodofalease.
3ow’st:
ownest.
4untrimmed:
strippedofgayapparel.
5lines:
suchasthelinesofthispoemandsonnets.
AnexcerptfromTheMerchantofVenice
Theplayhasadoubleplot:
{1}animpoverishedyoungVenetian,Bassanio,askshisfriend,Antonio,foraloanaothathemightgaininmarriagethehandofPortia,arichandbeautifulheiressofBelmont,WhenBassanioandPortiameet,theyfallinloveatfirstsight,butbeforeshecansurrenderherself,Bassaniohastopassthetestofthecaskets,ordainedbyherdeadfather.Thetestistochoosefromamongagold,asilverandaleadcaskettherightonethatcontainsherportrait.Portia’sjoyisasgreatasthatofBassaniowhenhehaschosencorrectly.ButtheirrejoicingisinterruptedbythearrivalofaletterfromAntonio;{2}Antonio’smoneyisallinvestedinmercantileexpeditions.InordertohelpBassaniohehastoborrowfromshylock,theJewishusurer.ShylockhasmadeastrangebondthatrequiresAntoniotosurrenderapoundofhisfleshifhefailstorepayhimwithinacertainperiodoftime.Anmtonio’sletternowreleasesthathisshipshaveallbeenlost,andheispenniless,andwillhavetopaythepoundofflesh.TheplotsjoininthetrialsceneofActIVThebondissuehascomebeforeacourtoflawatwhichPortiaappearsdisguisedasayounglawyerinstructedtojudgethecase.ShefirstappealstoShylocktohavemercy,butwhenheinsistsontheletterofthelawsheletshimhaveit:
hemytakehispoundofflesh,butthereisnomentionofbloodinthebond;ifheshedsasingledropofaChristian’sblood,hislandsandgoodswillbeconfiscatedbytheStateaccordingtothelawofVenice.Thus,Antonioissaved,andahylockhastoundergocertainseverepenalties,includingcompulsoryconversiontoChristianity.ActVconcludestheplaywithjubilantcelebrationsofthehappyunionofseveralpairsoflovers.Thefollowingistakenfromthefamouscourtscenewhichformstheclimaxoftheplay.
1answer:
havedealingswith.
2qualify:
limit.
3rigorouscourse:
severeproceedings.
4looseabandon.
5enow:
enough
6commiseration:
sympathy.
7Sabbath:
adayofreligiousrestforJewishpeople.
8agapingpig:
apigwithawideopenmouth.
9offorce:
ofnecessity
10offence:
conditionofbeinghurtinone’sfeelings,displeasure.
11fretten:
disturbed.
12draw:
accept.
13abject:
wretched,miserable.
14let…viands:
letthemhaveatasteofdeliciousfood.
15taintedwether:
sicksheep.
16meetest:
mostappropriate,mostready.
17Pythagoras:
theancientGreekphilosopherwhoheldthetheoryoftransmigrationofsouls.
18fleet:
passbyquickly.
19ravenous:
greedy.
20cureless:
unabletobecured.
21hardby:
nearby.
22reverendestimation:
considerationwithrespect.
23difference:
focusofthedispute.
24seasons:
soderates.
25My…head:
IshalltaketheresponsibilityforwhateverIwilldo.
26tender:
give,heremeans“payoff”
27That…truth:
Theactiveillwilloverpowersjustice.
26Daniel:
wiseyoungjudgeofintegrity,mentionedinthe“Apocrypha“
29tenour:
terms.
30hathfullrelationtoistotallyproperandsuitableto.
31onyourcharge:
Youareresponsiblefortheexpenses
32whatofthat:
Itisnotimportant.
33use:
habit.
34speak…death;tellherhowbraveIamwhenIfacedeath
35alove:
abosomfriend.
36by:
here,present.
37would……house:
wouldarousedisputeinthefamily.
38Barrabas:
theleaderofJewishbandits,aroundthetimeofJesusChrist.
39confiscate:
confiscated,takenawaywithoutcompensation.
40scale:
balance.
41infidel:
personwithnobeliefinwhatisconsideredtobethetruereligion,herereferredtoChristianity.
42atthyperil:
atyourownrisk.
43contrive:
makesecretplansagainst.
44rehears’d:
referredto.
45halter:
aropeusedtohangacrinimal.
46recant:
cancel,withdraw.
47late:
lately.
48adeedofgift:
aconveyanceofproperty.
49thefont:
thecontainerusedonbaptism.
50meet:
appropriate.
AnExcerptfromHamlet
1tobe,ornottobe:
toliveoninthisworldortodie;tosufferortotakeaction.
2slingsandarrows:
attacks.
3to……troubles:
totakeuparmsagainsttroublesthatsweepuponuslikeasea.
4the……to:
Allkindsofshocksthatnaturallyoccurtohumanbeings.
5perchance:
maybe.
6there’stherub:
afigurefromthegameofbowls.Arubwasanobstaclewhichdivertedthebowlfromitscourse.Hereitreferstothedoubtordifficulty.
7thismortalcoil“thisturmoilofmortality.
8giveuspause:
makeushesitate.
9thewhipsandscornsoftime:
thesufferinginpurepoch.
10contumely:
contempt.
11Theinsolenceofoffice:
thecontemptheldbythepeopleofhighrank.
12That…takes:
thepeopleofworthendureatthehandsoftheunworthy.
13quietus:
thefinalsettlementofanaccount.
14abarebodkin:
probably,
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