初一知识大纲.docx
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初一知识大纲.docx
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初一知识大纲
第四讲人称代词、名词、形容词和副词和冠词
一、1.人称代词
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
注意:
A:
形容词性物主代词在句中作定语.
B:
形容词性物主代词前后均不可接定冠词the。
注意:
A:
名词性物主代词在句中可以作主语/表语/宾语.
B:
它还可以构成a(an/this/that/some/no)+名词+of+名词性物主代词句型
2.人称代词并列用法的排列顺序
1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
____________________________________________
2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
____________________________________________
练习
are______(he)brothers.
is_______(she)sister.
is_______(Lucy)sister.
thisis_____(me)cousin,Mary.
_____________(herparent)areinAmerica.
__________(child)are_____(I)father’sstudents.
youknow______(it)name
andTom__________(be)friends.
9.Thanksforhelping________(I).
10.______(Ann安)motheris______(we)teacher
11.______willbesenttherebyair
A.you,sheandIB.I,sheandyouC.she,youandi,youandshe
12..Canyouhelp__________(I)
二、名词:
A:
可数名词由单数变复数的七种规则
①直接+s_________________________________________
②单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾,+es________________________________________
③单词以f、fe结尾,去f、fe,再+ves_____________________________________
④A:
单词中以短元音+y,+s___________________________________________
B:
无短元音+y去y,再+ies____________________________________________
⑤单词结尾是o的单词,分二类变复数。
eg:
photo,radio,piano,zoo,kilo,two,studios,bamboo+s
eg:
tomato,potato,hero,Negro+es黑人英雄吃西红柿和土豆
⑥单词的单复数同行___________________________________________
⑦单数名词变复数的不规则变化___________________________________________
不可数名词
不可数名词分为:
物质名词和抽象名词.
物质名词:
用来指无法分为个体的物质,材料的名词.如:
water,wind,glass,steel
如:
honestylove
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/a
Forexample:
apieceofbread/cake(蛋糕),work(工作),meat(肉)
练习
isagoodteacher.(改为复数句)___________________________________
arethestorybooks(改为单数句)________________________________
the________(book)_______(be)inthebookcase.
________(I),you’reright.
isn’t_______(your)’sapenfor______(you).
blackis___________(jennyandKate)father.
havetwo__________andthreebottlesof_____here.
;orange;oranges;orange;oranges
yourselvesto_____.
andapplesandappleandappleandapples
’re34_________doctorsinthehospital.
’s’s
10._____motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.
andPeter’sandPeter’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s
三、形容词和副词的比较级
比较级:
(1)一般在形容词或副词后+er____________________________
(2)多音节词前+more____________________________
(3)双写最后一个辅音字母+er____________________________
(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i+er____________________________
注意:
最高级则是把比较级er改为es
5)不规则变化:
good__________________bad(ill)__________________________many(much)_________________________little__________________________
far____________________________________________________
TaoisnotasstrongasGaoShan.LiuTaois__________________GaoShan.
isthetalleststudentinhisstudentinhisclass.
Davidis____than___________________________inhisclass.
yoursister______(young)thanyou
is_________(thin),youorHelen
’shairisas_________(long)asLucy’s.
eyesare_______(big)than_____(she).
()girlis_______ofthethree.
A.thinnerthinnerC.morethinnerthinnest
()experimentwas_______easierthanwehadexpected.
B.muchmoreC.muchmuch
()feels______todaythanyesterday.
A.tiredtiredtiredtired
()childdoesn’t_________(write)as___________(fast)ashissister.
4、动词
动词可以分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词。
系动词有be、feel、get、look、taste。
助动词有do、does。
情态动词有can、must、may、shall、will、would
1.写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式的正确形式
work__________________________pay________________________________
teach__________________________worry_______________________________
Sit__________________________give______________________________
2.用恰当的动词填空
__________notLingling’spencil.
brotherintheclassroom
youlike____________(run)-No,I__________(do).
_________(be)somechickeninthetin.
thebirdis____________(sing)inthetree.
don’tknowhow________(cook)rice.
3.单项选择
()Jackoften________chesswithyou
play
()sister____a______hertoyrabbit.
A.is;like;likes;likes;like
()manydays______thereinaweek-There________seven.
A.is;is;is;are;are
()usually_________TVintheevening.
A.watchwatchwatching
()can_______clothesforthedoll.
A.make
第五讲数词、冠词、介词和连词
一、数词
表示“多少”和“第几”的词,叫数词。
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
1)基数词:
在十位数词和个位数词中间加上连字符“-“如:
21twenty-one‘
基数词三位以上的数词,在百位和十位之间,一般要用连词"and“。
如:
132onehundredandthirty-two.。
2)序数词:
表示数目顺序的词用序数词。
1.序数词1━19除第一,第二,第三,第五,第八,第九,第十二变化不规则外,其余均由在基数词后加上-th。
2.十位整数的序数词的构成方法是,是将十位整数基数词的词尾-y变成i再加-eth。
ismy________birthday.
B.twelftehC.thetwelfth
willbe_______tospeak.
A.secondB.ThesecondC.asecond
doyouthinkof______works
4.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool,Mike
-Thereareover_____studentsinourschool.
studentsB.TwothoustandsofC.twothousandthousandof
colouris_______orange-It’s___orange.
;an;theC.An;\D.\;an
Iwentto______workon_____foot.
;\B.\;theC.\;\;the
was_____“s”on_____blackboard.
;a;the;aDan;the.
8.Tuesdayisthe______dayofaweekinEnglish.
B.fifth
冠词:
A:
不定冠词
a,an均表示“一个”的意思,注意,an只用在第一个字母是a,e,i,o,u的单词前面。
B:
定冠词
the是一种特殊的冠词,共有七种情况会用到或需特别记忆。
①用在乐器(musicalinstrument)的前面。
Eg:
playtheviolin(小提琴)playthepiano
②世界上唯一的一件事物。
Eg:
Thesunrisesinthesky.(太阳升起来了)
③世界上最(大,小,美,丑)…的事物
eg:
What’sthebiggestbirdintheworld世界上最大的鸟是什么
④常用的短语。
(指代物为共知事物)eg:
openthedoorclosethewindow
⑤在上下文中第二次提到的事物。
Eg:
Thereisatigerwalkingintheforest.Thetigerwantstofindfood.
⑥表示序数词的第几…eg:
Thefirstperson“Iandwe”(第一人称是“我和我们”)
⑦在元音开头的字母前,读音发生改变。
[e:
][ei:
]eg:
theegg,theorange
C:
不加定冠词:
球类,棋类前不加定冠词eg:
playbasketball/football/chess
季节,月份,星期,节目,三餐前不加冠词
eg:
shecriedsadlythatdayinthemorning.
附:
定冠词的用法口诀
特指双熟悉,上文已提及;世上独无二,序数最高级;某些专有名,习语及乐器。
二、不用冠词用法口诀
专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
用不定代词a或an或the填空
hour_______H________universitystudent_______honestboyhave_____walk______map_________Englishcar_______uglygirl
Iwentto______workon______foot.
is______eggontheisforyou.
介词
1.表示在某时间,常用介词at,on,in等
2.地点介词:
in,on,at,over,down,up
3.方式介词:
by,with,in,on
4.原因介词:
for
连词
连词可以表示并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系。
有以下:
and,so,but,or,as,than,because等
其中and表示并列关系、so表示因果关系、or表示选择关系
用适当的介词或连词填空
yougoingtohavethecontesttoday________tomorrow
afternoonofMay5th,wevisitedtheoldman.
atthosebirds______thetree.
areallnew,________I’mnot.
willleave__________Londonnextmonth.
peoplework_____thedayandsleep_______night.
;atB.In;in;at
is_____theeastofChina.
A.in
lefthome_____acoldwintereneving.
A.at
9.Therearetwokitesinthewall.(改错)
______________________________________________
10.Sheusuallygoestoschoolbyfoot
______________________________________________
11.Linglingisoneinmyfriends.
______________________________________________
选择填空
tellsherlittledaughter_____oldstoryeverynight.A.aB./C.anD.the
2.___computeronthetableisSusan’s.A.AB.AnC.TheD./
is______mapoftheworldon_____wall._______mapismine.
A.a,a,AB.a,the,TheC.the,the,TheD.the,the,A
4._____Whitesliveon____floor.A./,threeB.A,thirdC.The,third,thethird
5.______Springcomesafter_______winter.A./,/,/,the,the
bought_______shoesyesterday.________shoesareverybeautiful.
A.a,TheB.apairof,TheC.the,TheD.apair,Thepair
was______soldierintheSecondWorldWar.A.aB.anC.theD./
canplay_____and_____.
A.thetennis,theguitarB.tennis,guitarC.thetennis,guitarD.tennis,theguitar
cansee___moonand______cloudsinthesky.A.the,aB.a,aC.the,/D.the,the
10._____“c”isin“cat.”______“s”isin“sat.”A.An,AnB.An,AC.A,AD.A,An
11.Tian’anmenSquareisinBeijing.A./,/B.A,/C.The,/D./,the
12.—Canyoutellmenearestbookshop
—Gostraightandturnrightat_______thirdcrossing,andyouwillseeit.
A.the,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,/
1.Mygrandmotheris_____old.
A.seventiethB.seventyyearC.seventyyearsD.Seventies
visitthismuseumeveryday.
A.HundredB.HundredsC.hundredofD.Hundredsof
3.Therearetwo________peopleinthemeetingroom.
A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof
4.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis________.
A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-five
B.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfive
C.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-five
D.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five
5.Mondayisthesecondday,and________.
A.TuesdayisthefourthB.Thursdayisfifth
C.theseconddayisTuesdayD.theseconddayisThursday
6.“Theyear1999”shouldberead(应该读作)“Theyear_____.”
A.nineteenandninety-nineB.nineteenninety-nine
C.onethousandninehundredninety-nineD.nineteenhundredandninety-nine
7.Thereare________monthsinayear.Decemberisthe________monthoftheyear.
A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfth
C.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth
八、What’sthedatetodayItis________.
A.FridayB.timetogoC.cloudyD.June4th
9.Whatisfiveandeight?
A.TwelveB.ThirteenC.FourteenD.Fifteen
10.What_________isLilyinSheisin________.
A.Row;rowfiveB.Row;RowFiveC.row;RowFiveD.row;rowFive
第六讲陈述句、疑问句
1、陈述句
陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子。
陈述句包括肯定结构和否定结构,句末用句号。
Thisisadesk.(肯定句)
Hecansinganddance.(肯定句)
Hedoesn’thaveacomputer.(否定句)
Therearen’tanypictures.(否定句)
陈述句中肯定句变否定句的方法
动词的否定句Heisreading._______________________________
2.情态动词的否定句Youshouldgotoschoolat
3.实义动词的否定句Shedoesherhomeworkathome.________________________________
练习
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