英语阅读级.docx
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英语阅读级.docx
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英语阅读级
成都理工大学外国语学院
<大学英语精品课程:
四级阅读补充材料>
(CET-4ReadingComprehensionSupplementaryMaterials)
Passage1
Exchangeaglancewithsomeone,thenlookaway.Doyourealizethatyouhavemadeastatement?
Holdtheglanceforasecondlonger,andyouhavemadeadifferentstatement.Holditfor3seconds,andthemeaninghaschangedagain.Foreverysocialsituation,thereisapermissibletimethatyoucanholdaperson'sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.Ifyouareonanelevator,whatgaze-timeareyoupermitted?
Toanswerthisquestion,considerwhatyoutypicallydo.Youverylikelygiveotherpassengersaquickglancetosizethemup(打量)andtoassurethemthatyoumeannothreat.Sincebeingclosetoanotherpersonsignalsthepossibilityofinteraction.Youneedtoemitasignaltellingothersyouwanttobeleftalone.Soyoucutoffeyecontact,whatsociologistErringGoffman(1963)calls"adimmingofthelights."Youlookdownatthefloor,attheindicatorlights,anywherebutintoanotherpassenger'seyes.Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherpersonexceedinglyuncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.
Ifyouholdeyecontactformorethan3seconds,whatareyoutellinganotherperson?
Muchdependsonthepersonandthesituation.Forinstance,amanandawomancommunicateinterestinthismanner.Theytypicallygazeateachotherforabout3secondsatatime,thendroptheireyesdownfor3seconds,beforelettingtheireyesmeetagain.Butifonemangivesanothermana3-second-plusstare,hesignals,"lknowyou","laminterestedinyou,"or"YoulookpeculiarandIamcuriousaboutyou."Thistypeofstareoftenproduceshostilefeelings.
1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat___.
A)everyglancehasitssignificance
B)staringatapersonisanexpressionofinterest
C)agazelongerthan3secondsisunacceptable
D)aglanceconveysmoremeaningthanwords
2.Ifyouwanttobeleftaloneonanelevator,thebestthingtodois___.
A)tolookintoanotherpassenger'seyes
B)toavoideyecontactwithotherpassengers
C)tosignalyouarenotathreattoanyone
D)tokeepadistancefromotherpassengers
3.By"adimmingofthelights"(Line13,Para.1)ErvingGoffmanmeans___.
A)closingone'seyes
B)turningoffthelights
C)ceasingtoglanceatothers
D)reducinggaze-timetotheminimum
4.Ifoneislookedatbyastrangerfortoolong,hetendstofeel___.
A)depressed
B)uneasy
C)curious
D)amused
5.Thepassagemainlydiscusses___.
A)thelimitationsofeyecontact
B)theexchangeofideasthrougheyecontact
C)properbehaviorinsituations
D)theroleofeyecontactininterpersonalcommunication.
Passage2
GeraldoRiveraiswellknownforhiscompassionateinvestigativereportsonWABC-TVEyewitnessNews.Hehasdoneexposes(揭露性报道)ofNewYorkCity’swelfarehotels,theover-pricingofprescriptiondrugs,anddrugabuse.In1971,hereceivedtheAssociatedPressBroadcasteroftheYearawardfortheprogramDrugCrisisinEastHarlem.Hereceivedtheawardagainin1972fortheprogramMigrants,DirtCheap.
HismostfamousexposehoweverwasdoneonthehorribleconditionsatStatenIsland’sWillowbrookStateSchool.Itistheworld’slargestinstitutionforthementallydisabled.Hisinvestigationbeganwhenheandhiscameracrewgainedaccesstooneofthebuildings.Geraldo’semotionallychargedreportsexposedtheunsanitary(不卫生的)conditionsandneglectful,oftenabusive,treatmentofthepatients.Hecriedoverwhathediscovered,andhemadehisviewerscry,too.Theprogramscreatedapublicpleaforreform,andchangesweremade.GovernorNelsonRockefellerofNewYorkrestored$20milliontotheschool’sslashedbudget.Theprograms—WillowbrookearnedhimtheScripps-HowardAward,anEmmy(埃米金像奖),andtheRobertF.KennedyJournalismAward.
GeraldoRiverahascontinuedworkingforthementallydisabled.HefoundedOne-to-One,acharity(慈善机构)thatprovidessmallgrouphomesforthecareofthementallydisabledinthecommunity.HehostshugeoutdoorfestivalsforthementallydisabledinNewYorkCity’sCentralPark.Healsowroteabookaboutsomeofthecourageouspeoplehehasmetasaninvestigativejournalist.ItiscalledASpecialKindofCourage.Ashehimselfsays,“Imakenopretense(矫饰)ofobjectivity.ButI’mnotjustinthebusinessofmakingpeoplecry.I’minthebusinessofchange.”
6.GeraldoRiveraisworkingasa(n)______.
A.newsreporterforanewspaperinNewYork
B.investigativereporterforaspecialTVprogram
C.investigativeofficeroftheNewYorkgovernment
D.philanthropist(慈善家)forthewelfareofthementallydisabled
7.HowmanyawardsdidRiverareceiveforhiswork?
A.Two
B.Three
C.Four
D.Five
8.Rivera’sinvestigationandexposeontheconditionsatWillowbrookStateSchoolledto_____.
A.thepublicconcernandrequestforchanges
B.theimprovementoftheconditionsthere
C.aconsiderableincreaseintheschool’sbudget
D.alloftheabove
9.Theterm“One-to-One”inthe3rdparagraphrefersto______.
A.anorganizationinthecommunitythathelpstakebettercareofthementallydisabled
B.adevicethathelpsmentallydisabledbehavethemselves
C.anorganizationthatprovideshomesforthementallydisabled
D.ahospitalthathelpscurethementallydisabled
10.Theauthorsuggestsinthispassagethat_____.
A.Riverahasalwaysbeenobjectiveinreportingwhathefinds
B.Riveranevertriestoconcealhisowncompassioninhisreporting
C.Riverahaschangedpeople’sviewsonthedisabled
D.Rivera’sworkandeffortshavegreatlyimprovedtheconditionsofthedisabledinNewYork.
Passage3
Intheolddays,childrenwerefamiliarwithbirthanddeathaspartoflife.ThisisperhapsthefirstgenerationofAmericanyoungsters(年轻人)whohaveneverbeenclosebyduringthebirthofababyandhaveneverexperiencedthedeathofafamilymember.
Nowadayswhenpeoplegrowold,weoftensendthemtonursinghomes.Whentheygetsick,wetransferthemtoahospital,wherechildrenareforbiddentovisitterminallyillpatients-evenwhenthosepatientsaretheirparents.Thisdeprives(剥夺)thedyingpatientofsignificantfamilymembersduringthelastfewdaysofhislifeanditdeprivesthechildrenofanexperienceofdeath,whichisanimportantlearningexperience.
SomeofmycolleaguesandIonceinterviewedandfollowedapproximately500terminallyiiipatientsinordertofindoutwhattheycouldteachusandhowwecouldbeofmorebenefit,notjusttothembuttothemembersoftheirfamiliesaswell.Weweremostimpressedbythefactthateventhosepatientswhowerenottoldoftheirseriousillnesswerequiteawareofitspotentialoutcome.
Itisimportantforfamilymembers,anddoctorsandnursestounderstandthesepatients'communicationsinordertotrulyunderstandtheirneeds,fears,andfantasies(幻想).Mostofourpatientswelcomedanotherhumanbeingwithwhomtheycouldtalkopenly,honestly,andfranklyabouttheirtrouble.Manyofthemsharedwithustheirtremendousneedtobeinformed,tobekeptup-to-dateontheirmedicalconditionandtobetoldwhentheendwasnear:
Wefoundoutthatpatientswhohadbeendealtwithopenlyandfranklywerebetterabletocopewiththeapproachofdeathandfinallytoreachatruestageofacceptancepriortodeath.
11.TheeldersofcontemporaryAmericans___.
A)wereoftenabsentwhenafamilymemberwasbornordying
B)werequiteunfamiliarwithbirthanddeath
C)usuallywitnessedthebirthordeathofafamilymember
D)hadoftenexperiencedthefearofdeathaspartoflife
12.ChildreninAmericatodayaredeniedthechance___.
A)tolearnhowtofacedeath
B)tovisitdyingpatients
C)toattendtopatients
D)tohaveaccesstoahospital
13.Fivehundredcriticallyillpatientswereinvestigatedwiththemainpurposeof___.
A)observinghowtheyreactedtothecrisisofdeath
B)helpingthemandtheirfamiliesovercomethefearofdeath
C)findingouttheirattitudetowardstheapproachofdeath
D)learninghowtobesthelpthemandtheirfamilies
14.Theneedofadyingpatientforcompanyshows___.
A)hisdesireforcommunicationwithotherpeople
B)hisfearofapproachingdeath
C)hispessimisticattitudetowardshiscondition
D)hisreluctancetopartwithhisfamily
15.Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat___.
A)dyingpatientsareafraidofbeingtoldoftheapproachofdeath
B)mostdoctorsandnursesunderstandwhatdyingpatientsneed
C)dyingpatientsshouldbetruthfullyinformedoftheircondition
D)mostpatientsareunabletoacceptdeathuntilitisobviouslyinevitable
Passage4
Theoldestandsimplestmethod,then,ofdescribingdifferencesinpersonalitywastoclassifypeopleaccordingtotypes.SuchasystemiscalledaTypology.
AfamousexampleofthismethodwassetforthinGreeceabouttheyear400B.C.AphysiciannamedHippocratestheorizedthattherewerefourfluids,orhumors,inthebody.Correspondingtoeachhumor,hebelieved,thereexistedadefinitetypeofpersonality.
Thefourhumorswereblood,yellowbile(胆汁),blackbile,andphlegm(黏液).Apersoninwhomallfourhumorswereinperfectbalancehadaharmonious(和谐的)personality.Ifapersonhadtoomuchblood,hewascalledsanguine,orcheerfulandoptimistic.Someonewithtoomuchyellowbilewascholeric,orirritableandeasilyangered.Toomuchblackbilemadeapersonmelancholy,ordepressedandpessimistic.Anoversupplyofphlegmcausedahumanbeingtobephlegmatic,orslowandunfeeling.ScientistshavelongsincediscardedHippocrates’fluidtheory.Butthenamesofthehumors,correspondingtothesetemperaments(气质),havesurvivedandarestill
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