考研英语一真题和答案解析.docx
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考研英语一真题和答案解析.docx
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考研英语一真题和答案解析
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语
(一)试题
SectionI UseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET. (10points)
①Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.②Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.
①Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.②Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.
①While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.②AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.”
①Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.②Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.③10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.④Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functionalkinship”ofbeingfriendswith14!
①Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.②Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.
①Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.②ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.③Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.
1.[A]what[B]why[C]how[D]when
2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised
3.[A]for[B]with[C]by[D]on
4.[A]separated[B]sought[C]compared[D]connected
5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples
6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible
7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]know[D]seek
8.[A]surpass[B]influence[C]favor[D]resemble
9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus
10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps
11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like
12.[A]limit[B]observe[C]confuse[D]drive
13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith
14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]benefits[D]missions
15.[A]faster[B]slower[C]later[D]earlier
16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]express[D]understand
17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive
18.[A]tendency[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]endeavor
19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic
20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
①KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”②ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.③So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?
④DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?
①TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.②Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.
①Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.②Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).③ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
①Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.②Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.③AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.
①Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.②Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).③Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.
①ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.②ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.③Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.④CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.
21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain_______.
[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport
[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals
[C]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals
[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment
22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly_______.
[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus
[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality
[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto
[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment
23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?
[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.
[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.
[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.
[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.
24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles_______.
[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues
[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised
[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies
[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole
25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined
[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone
[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs
[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats
Text2
①JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?
②TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
①Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.②Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
①ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.②Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
①TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthroughasuspect’spurse.②Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.③Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.④Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.⑤Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.
①Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.②Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.③CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.
①Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.②Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.③TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.④Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.
①ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.②New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.③OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:
Thejusticeshadto
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