托福写作评分标准.docx
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托福写作评分标准.docx
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托福写作评分标准
2017年2月25日托福写作评分标准
托福独立写作旨在考察考生是否有效回应题目,阐明文章主题,文章逻辑是否条理清楚及能否充分展开论证;内容是否连贯一致以及考生遣词造句的能力。
托福综合写作的考察在于总结归纳和改写两个方面,总结归纳的能力是说考察方希望考生能够在规定的时间内掌握一定长度和一定难度的阅读和听力材料中所涉及到的重点信息和论证结构;改写能力则要求考生将两部分材料中的重点信息和论证方式用新的语言和结构系统的进行展示和归纳。
托福独立写作评分标准(IndependentWringRubrics)
1.托福独立写作得5分情况
Anessayatthislevellargelyaccomplishesallofthefollowing:
●Effectivelyaddressesthetopicandtask
●Iswellorganizedandwelldeveloped,usingclearlyappropriateexplanations,exemplifications,and/ordetails
●Displaysunity,progression,andcoherence
●Displaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage,demonstratingsyntacticvariety,appropriatewordchoice,andidiomaticity,thoughitmayhaveminorlexicalorgrammaticalerrors
2.托福独立写作得4分情况
Anessayatthislevellargelyaccomplishesallofthefollowing:
●Addressesthetopicandtaskwell,thoughsomepointsmaynotbefullyelaborated
●Isgenerallywellorganizedandwelldeveloped,usingappropriateandsufficientexplanations,exemplifi-cations,and/ordetails
●Displaysunity,progression,andcoherence,thoughitmaycontainoccasionalredundancy,digression,orunclearconnections
●Displaysfacilityintheuseoflanguage,demonstratingsyntacticvarietyandrangeofvocabulary,thoughitwillprobablyhaveoccasionalnoticeableminorerrorsinstructure,wordform,oruseofidiom-aticlanguagethatdonotinterferewithmeaning
3.托福独立写作得3分情况
Anessayatthislevelismarkedbyoneormoreofthefollowing:
●Addressesthetopicandtaskusingsomewhatdevelopedexplanations,exemplifications,and/ordetails
●Displaysunity,progression,andcoherence,thoughconnectionofideasmaybeoccasionallyobscured
●Maydemonstrateinconsistentfacilityinsentenceformationandwordchoicethatmayresultinlackofclarityandoccasionallyobscuremeaning
●Maydisplayaccurate,butlimitedrangeofsyntacticstructuresandvocabulary
4.托福独立写作得2分情况
Anessayatthislevelmayrevealoneormoreofthefollowingweaknesses:
●Limiteddevelopmentinresponsetothetopicandtask
●Inadequateorganizationorconnectionofideas
●Inappropriateorinsufficientexemplifications,explanations,ordetailstosupportorillustrategeneraliza-tionsinresponsetothetask
●Anoticeablyinappropriatechoiceofwordsorwordforms
●Anaccumulationoferrorsinsentencestructureand/orusage
5.托福独立写作得1分情况
Anessayatthislevelisseriouslyflawedbyoneormoreofthefollowingweaknesses:
●Seriousdisorganizationorunderdevelopment
●Littleornodetail,orirrelevantspecifics,orquestionableresponsivenesstothetask
●Seriousandfrequenterrorsinsentencestructureorusage
6.托福独立写作得0分情况
Anessayatthislevelmerelycopieswordsfromthetopic,rejectsthetopic,orisotherwisenotcon-nectedtothetopic,iswritteninaforeignlanguage,consistsofkeystrokecharacters,orisblank.
托福综合写作评分标准(IntegratedWringRubrics)
1.托福综合写作得5分情况
Aresponseatthislevelsuccessfullyselectstheimportantinformationfromthelectureandcoherentlyandaccuratelypresentsthisinformationinrelationtotherelevantinformationpresentedinthereading.Theresponseiswellorganized,andoccasionallanguageerrorsthatarepresentdonotresultininaccurateorimprecisepresentationofcontentorconnections.
2.托福综合写作得4分情况
Aresponseatthislevelisgenerallygoodinselectingtheimportantinformationfromthelectureandincoherentlyandaccuratelypresentingthisinformationinrelationtotherelevantinformationinthereading,butitmayhaveminoromission,inaccuracy,vagueness,orimprecisionofsomecontentfromthelectureorinconnectiontopointsmadeinthereading.Aresponseisalsoscoredatthislevelifithasmorefrequentornoticeableminorlanguageerrors,aslongassuchusageandgrammaticalstructuresdonotresultinanythingmorethananoccasionallapseofclarityorintheconnectionofideas.
3.托福综合写作得3分情况
Aresponseatthislevelcontainssomeimportantinformationfromthelectureandconveyssomerelevantconnectiontothereading,butitismarkedbyoneormoreofthefollowing:
●Althoughtheoverallresponseisdefinitelyorientedtothetask,itconveysonlyvague,global,unclear,orsomewhatimpreciseconnectionofthepointsmadeinthelecturetopointsmadeinthereading.
●Theresponsemayomitonemajorkeypointmadeinthelecture.
●Somekeypointsmadeinthelectureorthereading,orconnectionsbetweenthetwo,maybeincom-plete,inaccurate,orimprecise.
●Errorsofusageand/orgrammarmaybemorefrequentormayresultinnoticeablyvagueexpressionsorobscuredmeaningsinconveyingideasandconnections.
4.托福综合写作得2分情况
Aresponseatthislevelcontainssomerelevantinformationfromthelecture,butismarkedbysig-nificantlanguagedifficultiesorbysignificantomissionorinaccuracyofimportantideasfromthelectureorintheconnectionsbetweenthelectureandthereading;aresponseatthislevelismarkedbyoneormoreofthefollowing:
●Theresponsesignificantlymisrepresentsorcompletelyomitstheoverallconnectionbetweenthelec-tureandthereading.
●Theresponsesignificantlyomitsorsignificantlymisrepresentsimportantpointsmadeinthelecture.
●Theresponsecontainslanguageerrorsorexpressionsthatlargelyobscureconnectionsormeaningatkeyjuncturesorthatwouldlikelyobscureunderstandingofkeyideasforareadernotalreadyfamiliarwiththereadingandthelecture.
5.托福综合写作得1分情况
Aresponseatthislevelismarkedbyoneormoreofthefollowing:
●Theresponseprovideslittleornomeaningfulorrelevantcoherentcontentfromthelecture.
●Thelanguageleveloftheresponseissolowthatitisdifficulttoderivemeaning.
6.托福综合写作得0分情况
Aresponseatthislevelmerelycopiessentencesfromthereading,rejectsthetopicorisotherwisenotconnectedtothetopic,iswritteninaforeignlanguage,consistsofkeystrokecharacters,orisblank.
Anessayatthislevellargelyaccomplishesallofthefollowing:
1.Effectivelyaddressesthetopicandtask
2.Iswellorganizedandwelldeveloped,usingclearlyappropriateexplanations,exemplifications,and/ordetails
3.Displaysunity,progression,andcoherence
4.Displaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage,demonstratingsyntacticvariety,appropriatewordchoice,andidiomaticity,thoughitmayhaveminorlexicalorgrammaticalerrors.
标准解读:
要点1:
addressesthetopic
在托福写作中,考生所表达的观点要和题目要求相关、一致。
另外,考生所提供的例证也要切题,只有这样的例子才有说服力。
要点2:
wellorganizedwelldeveloped
托福满分作文的行文组织要系统,有逻辑性。
考生在提出论点之后,必须寻找相关的例证来支持和充实自己的论点。
需要强调的是,在托福考试中考生虽然可以发散地进行说理和寻找例证,但若是将自己所举的例证进行一定加工,按照由主到次、让步转折等顺序进行排列,则能更好显示出各个例证之间的逻辑关系,让举例或是说理论证的过程更有层次性。
这样的文章才称得上well-organizedandwell-developed.
要点3:
explanations,exemplificationsanddetails
在托福写作中,考生提出观点之后必须要发散式地进行举例或是说理论证。
具体包括解释原因,举例说明以及提供其它的细节信息。
要点4:
unity,progression,andcoherence
托福满分作文通篇要做到:
1.论点集中(unity)--所有的论据都指向论点;
2.逻辑通畅(progressionandcoherence)--不同段落之间要连接紧密、衔接过渡自然并层层推进。
想要做到以上几点,考生需要合理地谋篇布局、进行化的段落分配并恰当地使用逻辑连接词。
要点5:
variety
用词用句的多样性和变化性能有效地体现语言的丰富性以及使用技巧。
要点6:
appropriatewordchoiceandidiomaticity
托福写作要求考生根据语境选择“恰当的用词”。
在托福写作中,考生不需要哗众取宠的用“大词、难词”来显示词汇量。
真正的高手是用简单但精确的词语来阐述深刻的道理。
要点7:
minorerrors
托福作文允许有错误存在。
most一词表明一篇满分文章需要避免绝大部分的语法、用词错误。
同时这也表明个别的语法错误、用词不当以及诸如拼写,标点符号和大小写等错误不影响一篇文章得满分。
对于托福写作来说,更重要的是文章的要点明确、逻辑通畅,语言的整体高水平。
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