短文改错形容词副词解析及练习.docx
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短文改错形容词副词解析及练习.docx
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短文改错形容词副词解析及练习
短文改错专题〔一〕
形容词和副词
一、考点聚焦
1、形容词、副词的语法作用与位置
形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。
而副词那么用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。
视觉成像
以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记;
〔1〕形容词短语作定语,定语后置。
alanguagedifficulttomaster,aleaningtowerabout180feethigh
〔2〕表语形容词〔afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等〕作定语,定语后置。
如amanalive。
有些表身体安康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。
sick既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad〞。
〔3〕用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置。
如:
Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.
〔4〕else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
〔5〕enough、修饰名词前置,enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。
(6)形容词变副词:
①规那么
②例外:
不规那么变化〔9个〕
goodmanysuchfastpretty
earlyenoughnoright
〔7〕特殊形容词副词
①以下单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:
lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。
②表愿意〔无-ly〕和引申意(有-ly)的副词:
deep深wide宽广high高low位置低
deeply深入地widely广泛地highly高度地lowly地位卑微
③有无-ly意义大不一样的副词:
dead完全,绝对bedeadasleep
deadly非常bedeadlytired
pretty相当beprettycertainthat…
prettily漂亮地beprettilydressed
close近Don’tsitclose.
closely密切地Watchclosely!
late晚、迟arrivelate,elate
lately最近Ihaven’tseenhimlately(recently).
hard
hardly
3、形容词和副词的比拟等级
〔1〕原级的构成和用法。
构成:
形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法:
表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词/副词+as〞的构造;表示双方不相等时,用“notso(as)+原级形容词/副词+as〞的构造;表示一方是另一方的假设干倍时,用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as〞的构造。
如:
XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.
Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.
MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.
Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.
〔2〕比拟级和最高级的构成。
掌握比拟级和最高级的变化规那么,熟记少数不符合规那么的特殊形容词和副词。
〔3〕比拟级的用法。
①对方比拟,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比拟级+than〞的构造表示。
如:
Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.
②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than〞的构造表示。
如:
Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.
比拟级构成视觉成像
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比拟级前加表示程度的状语,如even、alot、abit、alittle、still、much、far、yet、byfar等修饰。
修饰比拟级
如:
Heworksevenharderthanbefore.
Hefoundhegot2cmhigherthanoneyearbeforewhenhemeasuredhimselfyesterday.
Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch___shewasgetting.
A.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.theheaviest
注意:
英语的比拟级前如无even、still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较〞或“…一些〞或不译出,一般不可有“更〞。
如:
Sheisbetterthanshewasyesterday
Pleaseeearliertomorrow.
比拟级的特殊构造
另注意:
byfar通常用于强调最高级。
用于比拟级时,一般放在比拟级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the〞。
如:
Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.
Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比拟级〔主语+谓语〕,the+比拟级〔主语+谓语〕〞的构造〔意为“越……越……〞〕。
如:
Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.
⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比拟级+and+比拟级〞的构造。
如:
Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.
Thegirlbeesmoreandmorebeautiful.
⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进展比拟时,用to代替than。
这些词有inferior〔劣等的,次的〕、superior〔较好的,优于……〕、junior〔资历较浅的〕、senior〔资格较老的〕、prior〔在……之前〕等。
HeissuperiortoMr.Zhanginchemistry.
⑦在比拟从句中为了防止重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。
that指物,one既可指人又可指物。
that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。
Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.
Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.
⑧倍数表达法。
〔A〕Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,length,depth,width,size,weightetc.)ofB.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大〔高〕。
Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍〔高三倍〕。
〔B〕Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
〔C〕Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.
比拟级与否认词连用表示最高级意义
1)---Whatdoyouthinkofherperformance
---Shecouldn’tbehavebetter./Ihaven’tseensuchabetteronebefore.
2)---Howdoyoulikethemovie?
---Itcan’tbe______.Itissoboring
A.goodB.badC.worseD.better
(4)最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级〞的构造表示。
这种句式一般常有表示比拟围的介词短语。
如:
ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.
Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.
Howmuchdidthesecondmostexpensivehatcost?
Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.
最高级完整构造:
(7)重要的词语辨析
〔A〕ago、before,ago表示以现在为起点的“以前〞;before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前〞。
泛指“以前〞用before而不用ago。
〔B〕already、yet、still,already表示某事已经发生;yet表示期待某事发生;still表示某事还在进展,主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either,too和also用于肯定句,too多用于口语,also多用于书面语,either用于否认句。
(D)good、well:
与good不同的是,well作形容词,只能在系动词后作表语,表示“身体状况好〞,也作副词修饰动词。
本次课重点视觉成像
课堂练习
真题演练
1.MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.(10全国)
2.IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.(12全国)
3.Welivedinafortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.(2021)
4.WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.(2021)
5.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.(2021全国)
6.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!
(2021全国)
7.Soreallyfriendshipshouldbeabletostandallsortsoftests.(2021全国大纲)
8.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.(2021)
9.Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybeeaseriouslyproblem.(2021全国)
10.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.(2021全国I)
11.DadandIwereterribleworried.(2021全国II)
12.It’sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.(2021)
13.Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.(2021)
14.Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld.SoIdecidetoaskherforhelp.(15)
15.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.(2021)
16.Interesting,ithadaconnectionwiththeBritishporcelainindustry.(2021全国II)
17.Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.(2021全国I)
18.Whentheteacherasksusverydifficultyquestions,I’llthinkquicklyandstandtoanswer.(2021全国)
19.Nang is a specially kind ofcake in Xinjiang.(2021全国卷1)
20.If you'd like to makea trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be
your guide.(2021全国卷2)
21.Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.〔2021全国卷1〕
22.Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem. 〔2021全国卷3〕
23.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.〔2021全国卷3〕
能力提升
1.Foronereason,whatyouarestudyingisbadneedednowadaysinourcountry.
2.Ihadtotryhardlynottolaughathershockedface!
3.It,ofcourse,willbebeneficiallytoyourunderstandingoftheChineselanguage.
4.Whenshedroppedmeoff,Ipulledoutthetoyslowandgaveitback.
5.Sincehisfamilywasrichthanmine,hehadmoretoysthanIdid.
6.Unfortunate,theproblemwasthejourneyhome.
7.Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassingasmysister,butIjustthoughtitwasfunny!
8.Somepeopleareagainsttheplan,butmuchmoresupportit.
9.Bettystoodcloselytoherteacherandwatchedcloselywhathewasdoing.
10.I’llalsodoplentyofexercise,whichwon’tdomeanyharmtoo.
11.WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.
12.Youwon’tbeabletogetanyfartherinformationuntiltomorrow.
13.WhenIcamebackintothehouse,itwasrainingmoreharderandharder.
14.Ifallthepeopledrivesuchcarsinthefuture,therewillbefewerpollutionintheair.
15.HeknewsuchlittleFrenchthathecouldn’tmakehimselfunderstood.
16.Somepeopleonlineshoppingismoreconvenientandthegoodsarecheap.
17.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopening.
18.Everyonetriedtheirbesttoreachthetopofthehillasfasterastheycould.
19.ThismorningonmywaytoschoolIwasdeepmovedbywhatIsawoutsideabank.
20.Theoldmancountedthemoneyagainandfoundthatnotasinglebillwasmissed.
21.Somestudentsmaywonderwhy,astheythinkbeingateacherishardwhilethepayislittle.
22.Insize,NewZealandisbiggerthanGuangdongProvince,yethasamuchsmallpopulation.
23.Inaddition,havingaglimpseofthevividpicturesandlivingvideosontheInternetcontributestoregainingmyenergy.
24.Itisabeautifulcar,butitisnotworthythepricethatIpaidforit.
25.That’swhyanAmericangetsuneasywhenalistenerissilenceandshownochangeofexpression.
26.Heispossibletoetohelpusifhedoesn’thavetoattendthemeeting.
27.MaybeIfeelfortableandrelaxedintotallydarkness.
28.Roadsafetyhasarousedthewidelyattentionofthepublic.
29.Itiswhatwehaveexperiencedalongthewaytosuccessthatwetreasureandenjoymostly.
30.Theinternetalsohasbadeffectsonpeople,speciallyonteenagers.
课后作业:
语法填空练习十
Enoughsleepisimportanttohealth.Theamountofsleepneeded1_____ontheageofthepersonandtheconditionsin2______sleeptakesplace.Theyoungmayneedmoresleepthan3_____old,butusuallyeighthoursareenoughforthehealthofgrown-ups.Somecandowith4______thanthisamount,butothersmayneedmore.Everypersonknowshisownneed.5______isthenamatterofgoodjudgmenttosatisfyhisneed.Sleep6______alwaysbeenoughtomakeonebringbackhis7______(strong)andgetreadyforaday’swork.
Freshairisnecessarytosoundsleep.Soitisnotwithoutreasonforsomepeople8______thinkthatitispracticabletosleepintheopenair.Abathatbedtime,9_____hotnorcoolbutofbodytemperature,maybehelpfultosleep.Sleepproducingdrug(帮助睡眠的药物)shouldneverbetakenexceptwhen10________(suggest)byadoctor.
语法填空练习十一
Iaskedmyuncle,whoplays1____pianowell,2______hewouldassess(评定)thetoneofasecond-handpianoIwashopingtobuy.Wearrived3______thehouseandUncleFranklookedthepianoover,then4_____(sit)downandplayedamixtureofhonky-tonknumbersandclassicalpieces.Whenhefinished,wetoldthefamilythatwewouldcall5____in15minutes.
Outside,UncleFranksaidthat6______thewoodwasbattered(坏掉的),thesoundwasgoodandweshouldbuyit.
WhenIphonedthewomanback,shesoundedasifshewascrying.Concerned,Iasked,“What’sthe7_____?
〞
“Wedidn’tknowthepiano8______playlikethat,〞shereplied.Thepianowasn’t9_____sale,and10___
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