太原市学年第一学期高三年级阶段性英语测评.docx
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太原市学年第一学期高三年级阶段性英语测评.docx
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太原市学年第一学期高三年级阶段性英语测评
太原市2018—2019学年第一学期高三年级阶段性测评
本试卷共150分,考试用时120分钟
第一部分略
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的(A、B、C和D)四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
INTRODUCTION
ChineseGovernmentScholarshipprogramforinternationalstudentsisestablishedbytheMinistryofEducation(MOE)ofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaaimingtopromoteChinesehighereducationbrandonaninternationalbasis.ChinaScholarshipCouncil,entrustedbytheMOE,holdstheresponsibilityofverification(证实),approvalandtheroutinemanagementoftheprogram.
SCHOLARSHIPCOVERAGE
Tuition;campusaccommodationfees;medicalinsuranceandamonthlyallowance.
APPLICANTS
·Applicantsmustbenon-Chinesecitizensandingoodhealth.
·Applicantsforamaster’sdegreeprogrammusthaveabachelor’sdegreeandbeunder35.
·Applicantsforadoctoraldegreeprogrammusthaveamaster’sdegreeandbeunder40.
APPLICATION
1.Applyonlineatwww.campuschina.org
2.MailapplicationdocumentstoEastChinaNormalUniversity(ECNU)
·AnapplicationformforChineseGovernmentScholarship.
·Thehighestdiplomaandacademictranscripts(学生成绩单)(notarizedphotocopies).DocumentsinlanguagesotherthanChineseorEnglishmustbeattachedwithnotarized(经过公证的)translationinChineseorEnglish.
·Aresearchplan.Itisrequiredtobenomorethan800words.
·Recommendationletters.ApplicantsforpostgraduatestudiesmustsubmittwolettersofrecommendationinChineseorEnglishbyprofessorsorassociateprofessors.
·AphotocopyofForeignerPhysicalExaminationForm.Pleaseselecttheappropriatetimetotakemedicalexaminationasitisvalidforonly180days.
·TheHSK(ChineseProficiencyTest)certificate.
·Theprocessingfee.Thebankwirereceiptshouldbeenclosedintheapplicationpackage.
3.Applicationdate
YourapplicationdocumentsshouldreachtheInternationalStudentsOfficeofECNUbyApril30th.
APPROVALANDNOTIFICATION
Theresultwillbepostedonlineathttp:
//lxs.ecnu.edu.cnbytheendofJune.
21.Whatdoweknowabouttheprogram?
A.Thereisnoagelimitforapplicants.B.TheapplicationisdueonJune30th.
C.Itisonlyforinternationalstudents.D.Therearetwowebsitesforapplication.
22.Whatwillapplicantshavetopayaccordingtothetext?
A.Tuition.B.Processingfees.
C.Alllivingcosts.D.Medicalexaminationcharge.
23.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?
A.Longerresearchplansarepreferred.
B.TheHSKcertificateisvalidforonly180days.
C.Governmentofficialsgiverecommendationletters.
D.EducationcertificatesinChineseorEnglishareaccepted.
B
InthefarcornerofthefrontyardofalargehouseinFloridarestsanRV—RecreationalVehicle(活动房屋式旅游车),shadedbytreesasclothingonanearbylineswaysinthebreeze.InthisRV,NationalGeographicexplorerThomasCulhaneliveswithhiswife,Enas,almostentirelyoffthegrid—alifestylewithoutrelyingonelectricitysupply.
Culhanebeganlivingoffthegridinthelate1990s,whenhewentintothebasementofhisapartmentbuildinginLosAngelesandpulledtheplugthatdeliveredelectricity.Evenearlierthough,hewasfirstinspiredbysustainablelivingduringatripin1970tovisithisrelatives.Hewaseightyearsoldandworriedthathisstayintheirsmallvillagewasgoingtobemiserablebecausehisrelativestoldhimtheyhadnoairconditioningorelectricity—buttheyhadplentyoffreshfruitsfromorchards(果园)andlotsofcolddrinkschilledbytheicystreamfromtheicecapsofthenearbymountain.“Thisisamazing,”saysCulhane.HemetEnaswhenshewaslivinginanecovillageinPortugal.Enassaidshelikedthefeelingofbeinglow-impact,ofbeingvirtuallyharmlesstotheearth.Culhanewasimpressedandfellinlovewithher.Thecouplegotmarried,livingonthesamepropertythattheycurrentlyhave.Theymovedintotheirfirsthometogether—anRVwhichtheypromptlytookcompletelyoffgrid.
InsidetheirRV,CulhaneandEnashavehotshowers,aworkinggasstove,arefrigerator,awashingmachineandabigscreenTV.Theyusegascreatedbytheiron-sitebiodigesters(生物煮解器)tocookonagas-poweredstove.Theyalsouseenergycreatedbythebiodigesterstoheattheirbathwater.Theyfeedthebiodigestersusingtheirownfoodwaste—atnoadditionalcosttotheearth.
Sometimesonweekends,theRVisturnedintoaclassroom.Thecouplehostworkshopstoletthecommunitymembersandstudentsknowlivinganoff-gridlifeisgettingeasierandteachthemhowtorespectandcoexistpeacefullywiththeenvironment.
24.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?
A.Addsomebackgroundinformation.B.Summarizethepreviousparagraph.
C.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.
25.WhatattractedCulhanemostwhenhefirstmetEnas?
A.Hermarriageproperty.B.Theircommonlifebelief.
C.Thebeautyofherecovillage.D.Herexperienceofexploration.
26.Whatdothebiodigestersproduce?
A.Foodwaste.B.Additionalcosts.
C.Greenhousegases.D.Alternativeenergy.
27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.AnRVClassroomB.LivingofftheGrid
C.GettingClosetoNatureD.ProtectingtheEnvironment
C
Nothingsucceedslikesuccess,aseveryparentofastraight-Astudentknows,buttryingtostressacademicexcellencebytellingyourchild“You’resosmart!
”maybecounterproductive.Why?
Accordingtoa2017study,childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback(重整旗鼓)frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.
Inthestudy,researcherslookedat123children.Theteamassessedthechildrentodeterminewhethertheyhada“growthmindset”(believingthatyoucanworkhardertogetsmarter),ora“fixedmindset”(believingthatyourintelligenceisunabletochange).Theythenaskedthechildrentocompleteafast-pacedcomputeraccuracytaskwhiletheirbrainactivitywasrecorded.Duringtherecording,researchersnotedthatbrainactivitystoppedwithinahalf-secondaftermakingamistake,aschildrenbecameawareoftheirmistakeandpaidcloserattentiontowhatwentwrong.Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.Basedonthedata,theyconcludedthatchildrenwitha“growthmindset”weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.Whilechildrenwitha“fixedmindset”wereableto“bounceback”,onlyiftheygavetheirfullattentiontothemistake.
Forparents,thelessonsareclear:
Don’tpayyourchildrencomplimentsthatsuggestthatintelligenceisfixed.IfyourchildrenhandsyouanA+score,don’tsay,“You’resosmart!
”Instead,say,“Wow,thatstudyingreallypaidoff!
”or“Youclearlymasteredthismaterial—waytogo!
”Notetheeffort,nottheintelligence.
Besides,manyparentsshyawayfromaddressingtheirchildren’smistakes,tellingthem“It’sOK.You’llgetitthenexttime”withoutofferingthemthechancestofigureoutwhatgoeswrong.Instead,it’sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen,andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.
28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“counterproductive”underlinedinParagraph1?
A.Opposite.B.Competitive.C.Successful.D.Unknown.
29.Howdidthechildrenwitha“growthmindset”reactinthestudy?
A.Theymadefewermistakes.B.Theytriedtoavoidmistakes.
C.Theyhadasmallerbrainresponse.D.Theyfocusedmoreonthemistake.
30.Whatshouldbeavoidedaccordingtothestudy?
A.Overstressingtheintelligence.B.Payingchildrencompliments.
C.Addressingchildren’smistakes.D.Offeringchancestofindmistakes.
31.Whatshouldparentssaywhenchildrenmakeamistakeaccordingtothetext?
A.Youaresocareless.B.Yourstudyingpaidoff.
C.You’llgetitthenexttime.D.Let’sfindouthowyoumadeit.
D
Wheretherearehumans,therearehousesparrows.Butdespitetheirsuggestivespeciesname,Passerdomesticus,theyaren’tofficiallydomesticated.Thebold,tinyandgray-and-brownbirdsarefoundoneverycontinentexceptAntarctica,hoppingaroundcities,pecking(啄)atleftoverfoodonsidewalks,andsometimeschasingawaynativebirdspecies.Thehousesparrowshaveadaptedtolivingalongsidehumans,butthisfriendlybehaviortohumansislegendary.Nooneknewwhatsetthemapartfromtheotherwildmembersofthesparrowfamily.
Lookingforageneticexplanation,MarkRavinet,anevolutionarybiologistandhiscolleaguescaughtdozensofsparrowsatsitesacrossEurope.Theysetupmistnetsthatharmlesslytrappedthebirdsastheyflewinside—measuredandtaggedthebirds,drewbloodsamples,andthenreleasedthem.Backinthelab,theysequencedthebirds’DNA.Theyfoundthatthehousesparrow’sgenesofmanyregionsappearedtohaveexperiencedpositiveselection,helpingthebirdslivealongsidehumans.Theevolutionaryprocessofnaturalselectionmayhavefavoredgeneticchangesthatalteredtheirskullshapeandallowedthemtoeatfoodwithstarch(淀粉)—similartodomesticatedanimalslikedogs.Themostsignificantsignofpositiveselectioninthebirds’DNAwasfoundinaregionwithtwoknowngenes:
oneislinkedtoskulldevelopmentandanotherhelpscreatetheamylase(淀粉酶),whichhelpsbreakdownstarchinhumans,dogsandotherdomesticatedanimals.Changestobothgenesmighthavehelpedthehousesparrowseathuman-cultivatedfoods.
AnotherevolutionarybiologistSamuelAndrewsaystheworkisanexcitingnewstepforbirdresearchersthatcouldanswermanyquestionsabouthowsparrowspeciesadaptedtodifferentconditions.ButheandRavinetagreetheremaybechangestoothergenesthatweremissedinthisinitialanalysis,yetstillhelpedthebirdstakeadvantageofhumans.
“Ifyouliveinam
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