高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 98.docx
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高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 98.docx
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高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day98
高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day98
Passage1
Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed"obvious"bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokin(亲戚)andneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe"obvious"isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemostpart,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyouwillknownooneelse.
Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmanyproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallercommunities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.
Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity'spopulationsizeanditssocialheterogeneity(多样性).Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitiesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitan(见多识广)outlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?
________
A.Anargumentisexaminedandpossiblesolutionsgiven.
B.Twocontrastingviewsarepresented.
C.Researchresultsconcerningthequalityofurbanlifearepresentedinorderoftime.D.Adetaildescriptionofthedifferencebetweenurbanandsmall-townlifeisgiven.
2.Accordingtothepassage,itwasonceacommonbeliefthaturbanresidents________.
A.couldnotdeveloplong-standingrelationships
B.didnothavethesameinterestsastheirneighbors
C.tendedtobeassociatedwithbadbehavior
D.usuallyhadmorefriends
3.Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanlifeisthatimpersonalrelationshipsamongneighbors________.
A.disruptpeople'snaturalrelations
B.makethemworryaboutcrime
C.causethemnotoshowconcernforoneanother
D.causethemtobesuspiciousofeachother
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis,________.
A.thebetteritsqualityoflife
B.themoretolerantandopen-mindeditis
C.thelikelieritistodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstress
D.themoresimilaritsinterests
Passage2
Thecruise(邮轮)tourismisthefastestgrowingindustryinthetravelindustry.Withrapidgrowthinthenumberofpassengers,thenumberofcruiseshipsatsea,andtheincreasedvarietyofdestinations,thefastgrowthintheindustryfollowswithincreasinginfluencesontheenvironment.
Likemanytravelindustries,thenegativeinfluencesontheenvironmentseemtooutweighthepositiveones.Eventhoughthecruiseindustryisrelativelysmallcomparedtotheairlineindustry,cruiseshipsandtheirpassengersgeneratemorewasteandpollutantemissions(排放物)whiletravellinganddockedinport.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,aone-weekvoyagegeneratesmorethan50tonsofgarbage,andduringthatsameweek3.78millionlitresofwastewaterisproduced.Thatiswaterwhichisharmfultotheoceanlifeandcannotbepouredbackintotheoceanwithoutbeingtreated.Thesenumbersaremultipliedbymorethan200cruiseshipssailingtheworld365daysayear.
Duetopollution,coralreefs(珊瑚礁)aretakingasignificantdamage.Thereare109countrieswithcoralreefs.In90ofthem,reefsarebeingdamagedbycruiseships.Itissaid70%ofcruisedestinationsareinthespotswiththeexistenceofawidevarietyofseaplantsandanimalspecies.
However,itisnottheamountofpollutiongeneratedbycruiseshipsthatismostconcerned,butrather,thewaycruiseshipsdealwiththeirwaste.Thewaycruiseshipsgetridofwasteishighlyunregulated.Wastecanbepouredafewshortmilesoffshore,whichislaterbroughtbacktoshoreduetooceancurrents.Inmostcases,therewasnomonitoringoradministrationfromlocalauthoritiesifcruiseshipsviolatedthepollutionstandards.Thecruiseindustrycontinuestopromoteitselfasenvironmentallyfriendly;thetruthis,therearemanyexamplesofcruiseshipsbreakingthelaw.
Processingwasteonboardisnotimpossibleforcruiseindustries.Sincetheincreasedharmfuleffectsontheenvironmenthavecometolight,somecruiseindustrieshavedonetheirpartandastechnologyincreases,theirabilitytobecomemoreeco-friendlyhasbecomethemostimportant.
HollandAmericanLinehasinvested\1.5millionintoaprogramcalledSeawaterScrubberPilot.Thisprogramlooksforopportunitiestoreduceengineemissiononitsships.TheSeaWaterScrubbersystemusesthenaturalchemistryofseawatertoremoveallharmfulmaterialsintheseawaterbeforeitispouredoverboard.Eventhoughitisonlyasmallstep,itmakesabigdifference.
Theenvironmentalimpactofthecruiseindustryonthedestinationhasnegativeeffects.However,witheffortmade,thereisstillhopethattheseeffectscanbelimited,oraswewish,reduced.
1.Whataddstocruiseships'pollution?
________
A.Lackofproperregulations.
B.Growingsizeofcruiseships.
C.Servicesystemoncruiseships.
D.Uselesswater-treatingprogram.
2.WhydidtheauthormentionHollandAmericanLine?
________
A.Tostressenvironmentalprotectionmatters.
B.Toevaluatetheeffectsofnaturalchemistry.
C.TointroducetheSeaWaterScrubbersystem.
D.Toprovesomeanti-pollutionmeasureworks.
3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
________
A.Influencesofcruisetourism.
B.Problemsintouristindustry.
C.Consequenceofoceanpollution.
D.Administrationofcruiseemissions.
4.Howisthepassagedeveloped?
________
A.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.
B.Bydiscussingproblemsandsolutions.
C.Bycomparingbenefitsanddisadvantages.
D.Bypresentingsimilaritiesanddifferences.
Passage3
Indian-originAnvithaVijayhasgivenanewmeaningtothephrase"ageisjustanumber";shehasprovedthatachievementsandknowledgefollowpassionandnotjustageandexperience.
Vijay,wholiveswithherparentsinMelbourne,Australia,attheageofsevenrealisedthatherpiggybankdidnothaveenoughmoneytohireadevelopertomakeheranapp,soshedecidedtoteachherselfhowtocode.WiththehelpofYouTubevideos,theyoungtechielearnedtocode.Foroneentireyear,shewatchedmultiplecodingtutorialsonthewebandbecameaprogrammerherself.
Vijay'sinspirationfordevelopingtheappswasherlittlesister,whowasstilllearningtotalk.Therefore,Vijaydevelopedaneducationalappforchildrenthatwerehersister'sage.TheappiscalledSmartkins,whichusesabout100soundsandflashcardsofdifferentanimalsthathelpchildrenlearnandidentify.Later,VijaydevelopedasimilariOSappforchildrentoidentifyandlearncolors.Eachapphasbeendownloadedthousandsoftimes.
Anvitha'sskillswonherascholarshiptoattendabigtechconferencehostedbyAppleinSanFrancisco,California.There,shegottipsfromthepros.Shewenttoworkshopswhereshelearnedaboutthelatestsoftwareforappbuilding.
Allthattrainingledtoanideaforathirdapp.Thisone,calledGoalsHi,inspireskidstopracticegoodhabits.Usersarerewardedforachievinggoals,suchaseatingtheirvegetablesorpracticingpiano.Anvithasaystherewardsarelikegettingastickerforajobwelldone.
Anvitha'sgoalistocontinuecreatingtechnologythathelpskidslearnwhilehavingfun.Butevenmoreimportanttoheristhattheworldseesthepoweroftechnologyinkid'shands."Themoretrainingwegetintechatanearlyage,"shesays,"thebetterchancewehaveofbecomingcreativitychampionswhowillonedaychangetheworld."
1.Vijaytaughtherselfhowtocodebecause________.
A.shecouldn'taffordadeveloper
B.hersisterbeggedher
C.shevaluedhersavingsverymuch
D.herparentsencouragedher
2.Vijay'sappGoalsHiintendstohelpkids________.
A.identifycolors
B.practicegoodhabits
C.learndifferentanimals
D.getintechatanearlyage
3.Whatistherightorderoftheevents?
________
a.Learningthelatestsoftwareforappbuilding.
b.Teachingherselfhowtocode.
c.DevelopingSmartkinsapp.
d.BuildingiOSapp.
A.cbadB.bacdC.bcdaD.cdab
4.Vijay'sstoryindicatesthat________.
A.oneheadcannotholdallwisdom
B.passionfuelstheyoungtoachieve
C.fromsmallbeginningscomegreatthings
D.allthings
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