考研英语真题与答案详细讲解含答案译文词汇讲解.docx
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考研英语真题与答案详细讲解含答案译文词汇讲解.docx
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考研英语真题与答案详细讲解含答案译文词汇讲解
2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand
markA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedby
youngpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributing
influenee.Theories1ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior2theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthatthey
havelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough3withothers.Theoriesfocusingonthe
roleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin4totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,5asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.
Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantaged
families,6thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes7lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,
aretentativeandare8tocriticism.
Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly9juvenilecrimerates.For
example,changesintheeconomythat10tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthand
risingunemployment11makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.
Theresultingdiscontentmayin12leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.
Familieshavealso13changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parent
householdsortwoworkingparents;14,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervision
athome15wascommoninthetraditionalfamily16.Thislackofparental
supervisionisthoughttobeaninflueneeonjuvenilecrimerates.Other__17_causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased__18_ofdrugs
andalcohol,andthegrowing19ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Allthese
conditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,20
adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
1.[A]acting
[B]relying
[C]centering
[D]commenting
2.[A]before
[B]unless
[C]until
[D]because
3.[A]interaction
[B]assimilation
[C]cooperation
[D]consultation
4.[A]return
[B]reply
[C]referenee
[D]response
5.[A]or
[B]butrather
[C]but
[D]orelse
6.[A]considering
[B]ignoring
[C]highlighting
[D]discarding
7.[A]on
[B]in
[C]for
[D]with
8.[A]immune
[B]resistant
[C]sensitive
[D]subject
9.[A]affect
[B]reduce
[C]chock
[D]reflect
10.[A]point
[B]lead
[C]come
[D]amount
11.[A]ingeneral
[B]onaverage
[C]bycontrast
[D]atlength
12.[A]case
[B]short
[C]turn
[D]essenee
13.[A]survived
[B]noticed
[C]undertaken
[D]experieneed
14.[A]contrarily
[B]consequently
[C]similarly
[D]simultaneously
15.[A]than
[B]that
[C]which
[D]as
16.[A]system
[B]structure
[C]concept
[D]heritage
17.[A]assessable
[B]identifiable
[C]negligible
[D]incredible
18.[A]expense
[B]restriction
[C]allocation
[D]availability
19.[A]incidence
[B]awareness
[C]exposure
[D]popularity
20.[A]provided
[B]since
[C]although
[D]supposing
SectionII
ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby
choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite's“personalsearchagent”.It'saninteracsv®rfeafeyerth®beteria
suchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionisposted
inthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualpropertyand
Washington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening."Istruck
gold,”saysRedmon,whoEmailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionas
in-housecounselforacompany.
Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopenings
canhetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:
youansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility,”saysoneexpert.
Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyou
wanttodo—thenbroadenit.“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert.
“There'snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;when
yougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.
"Iwouldnotre
agentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,
says
theauthorofajob-searchingguide.
Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite
agentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs—thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybe
morematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofind
them—andtheydo.“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincrease
inourtraffic,
saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.
Eventhosewhoaren'thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Some
usethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgather
informationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Although
happilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeep
eyesopen,”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetof
eyeslookingoutforyou.
21.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?
[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.
[B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.
[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.
[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.
22.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?
[A]Lackofcounseling.
[B]Limitednumberofvisits.
[C]Lowerefficiency.
[D]Fewersuccessfulmatches.
23.Theexpression
“tipservice”(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobably.means
[A]advisory.
[B]compensation.
[C]interaction.
[D]reminder.
24.WhydoesCareerSite
'sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?
[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.
[B]Toattractmorereturningvisits.
[C]Toreservespaceformoremessages.
[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.
25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.
[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.
[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.
[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.
Text2
Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeen
condemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:
alphabetism.
This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainst
thosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.
IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageover
Zodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.Lesswellknownis
theadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZo?
Zysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.
ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBand
Crespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredegeBs(fEish(eirclbddsurnames
inthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,six
ofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged
central
(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretierandKoizumi).Theworld'thseetopbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).
Canthismerelybecoincidenee?
Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfideneeinspeakingpublicly.
Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:
alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.
26.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?
[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.
[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias.
[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudi
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