职称英语考试《理工类》模拟试题及答案05106.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》模拟试题及答案05106.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》模拟试题及答案05106
职称英语考试《理工类》模拟试题及答案0510-6
1、OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive
It'snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinction(灭绝)ofthesmallpox(天花)virus.Whensmallpoxwascompletelygotridofintheworld,scientistswantedtodestroythekillervirusinthelasttwolabs,oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Theyasked:
Ifsmallpoxhastrulygonefromtheplanet,whatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves?
Inreality,ofcourse,itwasnaivetoimaginethateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapowerfulpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhaveafewvials(小药瓶).Andthelast"official"stocksofliveVirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia,fornoobviousgain.
NowAmericanresearchershave_____ananimalmodelofthehumandisease,openingthewayfortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines(疫苗).Soonceagainthere'sagoodreasontothevirus,justinkeepthediseaseputsinareappearance.
HowdowecasewiththemistrustoftheUSandRussia?
deal.KeepthevirusSimpleinternationalsupportinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat'sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobject,ofcourse,justasitwithamultilateral(多边的)approachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn'tmeantheideaisrejects.Ifthevirusisuseful,thenlet'swrongittheservantofallhumanitymakenotjustapartofit.
【单选题】
A.missed
B.held
C.found
D.checked
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本题有一定难度,依据上下文逻辑,文章此处要用“发现”的意思,答案是C。
2、TheHurricane
1.Ahurricane(飓风)isatropicalstormwithwindsthathavereachedaconstantspeedof74milesperhour.Hurricanewindsblowinalargespiral(螺旋)aroundarelativecalmcenterknownasthe"eye".The"eye"isgenerally20to30mileswide,andthestormmayextendoutward400miles.Asahurricanenearsland,itcanbringheavyrains,highwindsandstormsurges(风暴潮).Thestormsurgesandheavyrainscanleadtoflooding.
2.Hurricanesaregivenadifferentlabel,dependingonwheretheyoccur.IftheybeginovertheNorthAtlanticOcean,theCaribbeanSea,TheGulfofMexico,ortheNortheastPacificOcean,theyarecalledhurricanes.SimilarstormsthatoccurintheNorthwestPacificOceanwestoftheInternaionalDateLinearecalledtyphoonsnearAustraliaandintheIndianOcean,theyarereferredtoastropicalcyclones(龙卷风).
3.Whenahurricanehitsland,itcandogreatdamagethroughitsfiercewinds,heavyrains,inland(内陆的)floodingandhugewavescrashingontotheshore.Duringahurricane,homes,businessesandpublicbuildingsmaybedamagedordestroyed,roadsandbridgescanbewashedaway.Apowerfulhurricanecankillmorepeopleanddestroymorepropertythananyothernaturaldisaster.Fishermenareatspecialriskfromhurricanesastheymaybeatseawhenahurricanearrivesandnotbeabletogettoasafeharboriftheydonotreceiveadequatewarning.
4.Ifahurricaneiscomminginyourarea,themostimportantthingistostaycalmandfindshelterimmediately.Gotoyoursaferoom.Ifyoudonothaveone,stayindoorsduringthehurricaneandgotoasaferplacenearthecenterofyourhome.Coveryourselfwithablanketandbesuretokeepawayfromwindowsandglassdoors,becauseiftheglassbreaksit’sreallydangerous.Donotbefooledifthereislull(暂停),itcouldbetheeyeofthestorm—windswillpickupagain.
Dependingonwheretheyoccur,hurricaneshave______.
【单选题】
A.differentlabels
B.windowandglassdoors
C.inlandflooding
D.earlywarning
E.naturaldisaster
F.aconstantspeed
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,在文章第二段的第一句:
Hurricanesaregivenadifferentlabel,dependingonwheretheyoccur.回来看选项,A项符合原文句意,是答案。
3、TheBookofLife
Sofar,scientistshavenamedabout1.6millionlivingspecies,andthat'sajustafractionofthatprobablyexistsonEarth.Withsomanyplants,animalsandothercreaturescovetingtheplanet,itcanbetoughtofigureoutwhattypeofspiderismovingupyourlegorwhatkindofbirdisflyingby.
Asoon-to-be-startedWebsitemighthelp.AninternationalteamofresearchershasannouncedthecreationofWeb-basedEncyclopediaoflife(EOL).TheprojectaimstocatalogeveryspeciesonEarthinasingle,easy-to-usereferenceguide.
Togettheencyclopediastarted,thecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabasesthatalreadyexist.Andeventually,inspecialsectionsofthesite,nonscientistwithspecializedknowledgewillgettojoinin.Bird-watchers,forexample,willbeabletoinputwhichbirdthey'veseenandwhere.Thetechnologyforthiskindoftoolhasonlybecomeavailable.
AstheEOLdevelops,youmightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeaturespecialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystems(生态系统)intheirneighborhoods.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccurate,scientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.Peoplewhovisitthesitewillbeabletochoosetoleaveoutpagesthathaven'tbeenreviewed.
AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEOListhatyou'llbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouwanttoseetomatchyourinterest,ageandknowledge.Ifyouwantedtolearnaboutbearsforascienceclassreport,forexample,youcouldusethe"novice"settingtogetbasicinformationabouttheanimals.Onthe"expert"setting,ontheotherhand,youcouldgetmuchmoredetailedinformationaboutthehistory,literatureandexplorationofbears.
Itnowtakesyearsforscientisttocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribeandanalyzespecies.ThecreatoroftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedupthatprocess.
Atthestartingstage,theEOLwillgetinformationfrom______.【单选题】
A.alltheWebsitesavailable
B.Databasesbuiltupbyitscreators
C.Nonscientistwithspecializedknowledge
D.theexistingscientificdatabases
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显。
带着题干信息词回文章定位,答案依据主要在文章第三段第一句:
Togettheencyclopediastarted,thecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabasesthatalreadyexist.谈到了主要从现有的科学数据库获取信息,回来看选项,D项和原文句意相近,是答案。
4、RadiocarbonDating
Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon(放射性碳),orcarbon-14dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.
Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons(质子)andsixneutrons(中子)initsnucleus(原子核).Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay(衰减).Thisprocessinvolvesthelossoftheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.
InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactiveemissions(放射)fromthisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.ThedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.
Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen(氮)-14,orN-14,interactswithcosmicrays(宇宙射线).ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed,theamountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50,000years.
AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules(分子)thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues(组织).Onceanorganism(有机体)diesitstopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsampleis.
Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25,000years.
【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本题有较大难度,答案依据不明显,需要通读全文作出判断。
通读全文后可以发现文章并未提及碳的半衰期是25,000年,所以本题是未提及的,答案是C。
5、WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse?
WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarth?
Wherewasthislowtemperaturerecorded?
ThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas-91℃,whichoccurredinAntarctica(南极洲)in1983.
Weencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesinspace.
TemperaturesinEarthorbitactuallyrangefromabout+120℃to-120℃.Thetemperaturedependsuponwhetheryouareindirectsunlightorshade.Obviously,-120℃iscolderthanourbodycansafelyendure.ThankNASAscienceforwell,designedspacesuitsthatprotectastronautsfromthesetemperatureextremes.
Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourarealofthesolarsystem.Obviously,itishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravelawayfromtheSun.AstronomersestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout-210℃.Howcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverse?
Again,itdependsuponyourlocation.Wearetaughtitissupposedlyimpossibletohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezero,whichis-273℃,atwhichatomsdonotmove.Twoscientists,whosenamesareCornellandWieman,havesuccessfullycooleddownagastoatemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirwork,notadiscovery,inthiscase.
Whyisthetwoscientists'worksoimportanttoscience?
Inthe1920s,SatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinterestingtheoryaboutspeciallightparticleswenowcallphotons(光子).Bosehadtroubleconvincingotherscientiststobelievehistheory,sohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein'scalculationshelpedhimtheorizethatatoms_____behaveasBosethought—butonlyatverycoldtemperatures.
Scientists
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