History_of_English_Literature--Literature_of_17th_Century.ppt.ppt

History_of_English_Literature--Literature_of_17th_Century.ppt.ppt

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,HistoryofBritishLiteratureForUndergraduateStudents,Literatureof17thCentury,HistoryofEnglishLiterature,ReviewofRenaissanceliterature,AgeofdramaandpoetryPoetry:

sonnet,blankverse（Wyatt,Surrey,Spenser,Sidney,Marlowe,Shakespeare,Jonson）Drama:

Marlowe,Shakespeare,JonsonProse:

More,Bacon,Lyly,Nashe,Delony,I.Historicalbackground1.political2.ideologicalII.literature1.MetaphysicalandCavalierpoets2.threeJohns3.drama:

comedyofmanners,HistoryofEnglishLiterature,17thCenturyLiterature,1.politicalbackground:

1）.TheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution2）.TheRestorationandTheGloriousRevolution,HouseofStuart,CharlesI,Cromwell,JamesI,1）.TheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution1603JamesI（Stuart）:

divinerightofkings1625CharlesI:

1629-1640:

noparliamentshortparliament（amonth）longparliament（1640-1653）1642civilwarbrokeout1649Royalistsvs.ParliamentarianforcesCharlesI,defeated,triedandbeheaded,republic,CharlesIwasbeheaded,CharlesII,JamesII,2）.Restorationandgloriousrevolution1653Cromwell-LordProtector1658RichardLordProtector,weak1660Charles-Restoration1685James:

Catholic（officialreligion）,fledtoFrance,twopartysystemToryparty:

supportJamesII（Conservative）Whigparty:

opposeJamesII（Liberal）,2）.Restorationandgloriousrevolution1688Mary&William（protestants）:

jointrulers-gloriousrevolution,endofabsolutemonarchybeginningofconstitutionalmonarchy,WilliamIIIandMaryII,2.ideologicalbackground1.Divinerightofkingsvs.Republicanism2.Anglicanvs.Puritan3.philosophy:

idealismvs.materialism,1）.Divinerightofkingvs.RepublicanismPamphlets:

commonownershipofland;fulleconomicandpoliticalequality2）.ReligiousstruggleAnglicanChurchvs.Puritan,DifferencebetweenAnglicansandPuritansPuritans:

ChristiansshoulddoonlywhattheBiblecommanded.Anglicans:

ChristiansshouldnotdowhattheBibleprohibited.Puritans:

supremeauthorityofBibleAnglicans:

SupremeGovernoroftheChurch-theKing,3）.Philosophy:

idealismvs.materialismJohnLocke（1632-1704）againstthedivinerightofkingsoneofthemostinfluentialEnlightenmentthinkers（VoltaireandRousseau）influence18thc.literature,theSpenserianstheMetaphysicalpoetstheCavalierpoets,II.literature,1.TheSpenserians:

thepoetswhoimitatedthepoetryoftheprecedingage:

PhineasandGilesFletcher（brothers）religiousallegories,1）.PhineasFletcher（1582-1650）:

“TheLocustsorApollonists”:

fallofSatan,anticipatedMiltons“ParadiseLost”“ThePurpleIsland:

ortheIsleofMan”:

humanbodybeingexposedtoattacksofdifferentsinsandvices-anticipatedBunyans“TheHolyWar”,2）.GilesFletcher（1588?

1623）“ChristsVictoryandTriumphinHeavenandEarth”（epic）anticipatedMiltons“ParadiseRegained”“Spenserianstanza”,2.TheMetaphysicalpoets1）.lyricpoetsofthe17thcentury:

JohnDonne,GeorgeHerbert,AndrewMarvell,HenryVaughan,ThomasTraherne,AbrahamCowley,RichardCrashaw2）.startling,highlyimaginativecomparisons:

Metaphysicalconceits,Literarytermconceit:

anunusualelaboratemetaphororsimilepresentingasurprisingaptsimilaritybetweentwoapparentlydissimilarthings,oftenemploysthedevicesofhyperbole,paradox,andoxymoron.,PetrarchanConceit,imitatethemetaphorsusedbyPetrarchusedinlovepoetry,exploitsaparticularsetofimagesforcomparisonswiththedespairingloverandhisunpityingbutidolizedmistresstheloverisashiponastormysea,andhismistressacloudofdarkdisdain“theladyisasunwhosebeautyandvirtueshineonherloverfromadistance,MetaphysicalConceit,lackofconventionality,shockingorunusualcomparisonasthebasisforthemetaphor,astartlingappropriateness,lookatsomethinginanentirelynewwaywiderangeofknowledge,comparisonsareelaboratelyrationalized,TheFleaflea:

unionoftwoloversAValediction:

ForbiddingMourningthetwofeetofcompass:

thesteadfastlovebetweentwodepartingloversPraisebottle:

thegenerosityofGodwhichwilltakeinaninfiniteamountofthespeakerstears,JohnDrydenfirstusedtheword“metaphysics”incommentingonDonnesPoetry.SamuelJohnsonfirstcalledDonneandhisfollowers“themetaphysicalpoets”,JohnDonne,（1572-1631）,mostoutstandingandleaderofEnglishMetaphysicalPoetschurchmanfamousforhisspellbindingsermons,

（1）lifeLondon,prominentRomanCatholicfamily,convertedtoAnglicanismduringthe1590s11Oxford,Cambridge,nodegreeLincolnsInn,legalordiplomaticcareer1598privatesecretarytoSirThomasEgerton,KeeperoftheGreatSealsecretmarriagein1601toEgertonsniece,AnneMore,resultedinhisdismissalfromthispositionandinabriefimprisonmentIn1621deanofSt.PaulsCathedral.,

（2）.works:

songsandsonnets,marriagesongs,elegies,epigrams,satiresreligiouspoemstranslations,SongsandSonnets:

55shortlovelyricsDivinePoems:

26“HolySonnets”startedthetraditionofdivinepoemsbestknown:

“Death,benotproud”Elegies（20）Satires:

faithfulreflectionofthesocialrealitySermons（160）布道文:

spiritualdevotiontoGod,AValediction:

ForbiddingMourning,Iftheybetwo,theyaretwosoAsstifftwincompassesaretwo;Thysoul,thefixdfoot,makesnoshowTomove,butdoth,ifthotherdo.Andthoughitinthecentresit,Yet,whentheotherfardothroam,Itleans,andhearkensafterit,Andgrowserect,asthatcomeshome.Suchwiltthoubetome,whomust,Likethotherfoot,obliquelyrun;Thyfirmnessmakesmycirclejust,AndmakesmeendwhereIbegun.,TheFlea,Itsuckdmefirst,andnowsucksthee,Andinthisfleaourtwobloodsmingledbe.Ostay,threelivesinonefleaspare,Wherewealmost,yea,morethanmarriedare.ThisfleaisyouandI,andthisOurmarriagebed,andmarriagetempleis.,（3）.CharacteristicsofDonnespoemsbreakfromconventionsubtle,complex,oftenstartling,expertuseofparadoxandconceitLoveisthebasictheme:

thenatureofloveistheunionofsoul&body,GeorgeHerbert（1593-1633）,finestofthereligiousmetaphysicalsAnglicanpoet:

poetshouldsingthegloryofGod,symbolicwayusuallydifficulttoappreciate“EasterWings”“Virtue”,“EasterWings”:

apoemfullofdeepimagerynotonlyinitswordsbutalsointhevisualstructureofthestanzas（shapepoetry形体诗）thepoetsdesiretoflywithChristasaresultofJesussacrifice,deathandresurrection（Lord）,LORD,whocreatedstmaninwealthandstore,Thoughfoolishlyhelostthesame,Decayingmoreandmore,TillhebecameMostpoor:

WiththeeOletmeriseAslarks,harmoniously,Andsingthisdaythyvictories:

Thenshallthefallfurthertheflightinme.Mytenderageinsorrowdidbegin:

AndstillwithsicknessesandshameThoudidstsopunishsin,ThatIbecameMostthin.WiththeeLetmecombineAndfeelthisdaythyvictoryFor,ifIimpmywingonthine,Afflictionshalladvancetheflightinme.,l（aleaffalls）oneliness,E.E.Cummings,RichardKostelanetz,WilliamBurford:

AChristmasTreeStarIfyouareAlovecompassionateYouwillwalkwithusthisyearWefaceaglacialdistance,whoarehereHuddledAtyourfeet,ThisChristmasendaquarrel.Seekoutaforgottenfriend.Dismisssuspicion,andreplaceitwithtrust.Writealoveletter.Sharesometreasure.Giveasoftanswer.Keepapromise.Findthetime.Forgoagrudge.Forgiveanenemy.Listen.Apologizeifyouwerewrong.Trytounderstand.Examineyourdemandsonothers.Thinkfirstofsomeoneelse.BeBekind;begentle.Appreciate.Laughalittle.Laughalittlemore.Expressyourgratitude.Gladdentheheartofachild.Welcomeastranger.TakepleasureinthebeautyandthewonderofEarth.Speakyourlove.Speakitagain.SpeakityetOnceagain.,AndrewMarvellPuritan:

MiltonsfirstassistantintheRepubliconloveandnature:

“ToHisCoyMistress”,“TheGarden”,theCavalierpoets,3.Cavalierpoets1）.agroupofEnglishgentlemenpoets,mostwereadmirersofBenJonson（Sons/TribeofBen）.TheygottheirnamebecauseoftheirloyaltytoKingCharlesIduringtheEnglishCivilWars.Theywerealsocavaliersintheirstyleoflife.2）.representatives:

RichardLovelace,JohnSuckling,RobertHerrick,ThomasCarew,SirEdmundWaller,3）.theme:

lovelyricsaddressedtomistresswarandhonourdutytothekingfavoritetheme:

carpediem,hedonism,Carpediem（Latin）:

coinedbyHorace,acommonthemeinlyricswhichemphasizesthatlifeisshort,timeisfleeting,andthatoneshouldmakethemostofpresentpleasures.（seizetheday）.,“Carpediem”最早出现于古罗马诗人贺拉斯（Horace）的诗句中。

贺拉斯在颂歌卷一十一（OdesIXI）中写道：

聪明一些，斟满酒盅，抛开长期的希望我在讲述的此时此刻，生命也在不断衰亡因此，及时行乐，不必为明天着想。

TotheVirgins,toMakeMuchofTime,中国诗歌中的及时行乐主题,唐无名氏（杜秋娘）金缕衣劝君莫惜金缕衣，劝君惜取少年时。

花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。

WhySoPaleandWan,FondLover?

SirJohnSuckling,Whysopaleandwan,fondlover?

Prithee,whysopale?

Will,whenlookingwellcantmoveher,Lookingillprevail?

Prithee,whysopale?

Whysodullandmute,youngsinner?

Prithee,whysomute?

Will,whenspeakingwellcantwinher,Sayingnothingdot?

Prithee,whysomute?

Quit,quitforshame!

Thiswillnotmove;Thiscannottakeher.Ifofherselfshewillnotlove,Nothingcanmakeher:

Thedeviltakeher!

4.DifferencebetweenthemetaphysicalpoetsandtheCavalierpoetsTheMetaphysicalpoetswerefondofabstruseimageryandcomplicatedmetaphorsTheCavalierspreferredmoredirectlanguageandexpression,JohnMiltonJohnBunyanJohnDryden,1.lifestorywell-to-dobourgeoisPuritanfamily1642onthesideofpuritans,arguedforreligiousfreedomagainsttheauthorityofbishops1649workforCromwell1649-1660LatinSecretary:

translationofdiplomaticmessage1652completelyblind1657AndrewMarvellasassistant,1643marriedMaryPowell,lefthimwithinamonth,wrote4pamphletsondivorce1645Maryreturned:

3daughtersandason1652Marydied1656marriedKatherineWoodcock1658Kdied1663marriedforthethirdtimespentlastyearsinpoverty,2.Literarycareer1632-1639Earlyperiodshortpoemsandmasques1640-1660Middleperiodprose（pamphlets）andsonnets1660-Matureperiodlongpoems,“LAllegro”（thecheerfulman）:

masque“IlPenseroso”（themeditativeman）“Comus”:

masque,Greekmyth“Lycidas”:

collectionofele