小镇畸人 英文论文.docx
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小镇畸人 英文论文.docx
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小镇畸人英文论文
Abstract:
Winesburg,OhioisSherwoodAnderson’smasterpieceandalsooneoftheimportantbooksinAmericanliterature.ThispaperintendstopsychoanalyzethegrotesquecharactersinWinesburg,OhioaccordingtoFreud’stheoryofUnconsciousness.ByanalyzingthecharacterswithFreud’stheoryofthreelevelsofpersonalities—id,superegoandego,anddiscussingthetransitionalsocietywithitsgreatimpactonpeople’smoralprinciple,wecouldseethatlackoflove,sexualrepressionandincapabilityofcommunicationarethefundamentalreasonsforthesesmall-townpeople’sgrotesqueness.
Keywords:
SherwoodAnderson;Winesburg,Ohio;Freudianpsychoanalysis;grotesques
摘要:
《小镇畸人》是美国作家舍伍德•安德森的代表作,也是美国文学史中的经典著作之一。
本文通过运用弗洛依德的无意识论对小说小镇畸人中的畸人形象进行心理分析。
通过自我,本我,超我三个层次对人物性格进行分析,并且讨论了在过渡时期的社会对人民的道德准则产生了巨大影响。
我们可以看到小镇中的人们变成畸人的根本原因是爱的缺失,性的压抑以及交际能力的丧失。
关键词:
舍伍德·安德森;小镇畸人;弗洛依德心理分析;畸人
APsychoanalysisoftheGrotesquesin
SherwoodAnderson’sWinesburg,Ohio
1.Introduction
Winesburg,OhioisSherwoodAnderson’smasterpieceandalsooneoftheimportantbooksinAmericanliterature.Therearetwentyfiveshortstoriesinthebookportrayingtwentythreegrotesqueswhohadgreatpassionforloveandunderstandingbutweredestroyedinthemachineage.ThispaperintendstoanalyzethecharacterswithFreud’stheoryofthreelevelsofpersonalities,andrevealthegrotesquestodetectthecharacters’psychoworld.
Itcanberoughlydividedintofiveparts,thefirstpartistheintroduction,introducingthecentralthesisandtheframeworkofthepaper.ThesecondpartisanintroductiontoSherwoodAndersonandhisWinesburg,Ohio,itaimstointroduceAnderson’sfrustratinglifetimeandhiswork:
Winesburg,Ohio.ThethirdpartmainlytalksabouttheFreud’stheoryofunconsciousness.Thefourthpartdealswiththedetailedinterpretationofthegrotesquecharactersinthebookwiththetheoryofpersonalities—id,superegoandego.Thelastpartistheconclusionofthispaper.Byanalyzingthereflectionofid,superegoandegoincharacterswecangetaclearunderstandingoftheirgrotesquebehaviorandthedirectreasonsfortheirbeinggrotesques:
theytotallylostthemselvesinthetransitionalsocietymovingfromagriculturetoindustryinwhichsocialmoralityandprinciplechangeddramatically.
Throughprofoundanalysisoftheseparts,wecouldseethatthealienation,lackoflove,sexualrepressionandincapabilityofcommunicationarethefundamentalreasonsforthesesmall-townpeople’sgrotesqueness.
2.AGeneralReviewofSherwoodAndersonandHisWinesburg,Ohio
SherwoodAnderson(1876-1941)isregardedasamajorfigureofmodernliterature.WilliamFaulknercalledhim“thefatherofmygenerationofAmericanwritersandthetraditionofAmericanwritingwhichoursuccessorwillcarryon.”(Yang,1986:
25)AndersonwasborninapoorfamilyinCamden,Ohio,amid-westernAmericanstate,whichinspiredthesettingofmanyofhisstories.Becauseofthepoorcondition,hisfatherbegantoimmersehimselfinalcoholwhenAnderson’smotherdied,itwasAnderson’sdutytosustainthewholefamily.Hehadmanyjobssuchasafactoryworker,ahousepainter,afarmhand,andfinallyhebecameaverysuccessfulbusinessmanatage36.Bytheturnofthecentury,ChicagohadbecomeaculturalcenterintheMid-westandhegottoknowCarlSandburg,TheodoreDreiser,whoinspiredhimtopublishhisnovels.Afterpublishinghiscollectionsofshortstories,hehadestablishedtheinternationalreputationasoneofthebestmodernwriters.
In1919,Andson’sfirststory,WindyMcPherson’sSonwaspublished,whichdescribedason’sresentmentagainsthisfather.Nextyear,MarchingMenfollowedittopublish.Butbothofthesehavelittleimportance.In1921,Andersonpublishedhis“DialPrize”winningnovelPoorWhite.Inthisnovel,hedescribedasmallMid-westerntownchangedbytheindustrialrevolution.Andersonalsopublishedsomeothernovels,suchas:
TheTriumphoftheEgg(1921),HorsesandMen(1923),ManyMarriages(1923),DarkLaughter(1925),DeathintheWoods(1933),KitBrandon(1936),buttheseworkscouldn’tparallelwithWinesburg,Ohioindepthandinliteraryskill.HeshottofamewithhismasterpieceWinesburg,Ohio“whichgavehimaforemostpositionincontemporaryAmericanletters.”(Chang,1990:
125)
Anderson’slifeexperienceandhisattitudetowardthesocietydeeplyaffectedhismasterpieceWinesburg,Ohio,whichwasacollectionoftwenty-fivelooselyboundbutcloselyrelatedshortstoriessetinthesmalltownofWinesburginthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury.ThecollectionwasasystematicexplorationofMiddleWesterners’livingsituationduringthetransitionalperiodinAmericanhistory.Inthesestories,Andersonportrayedwithbothcompassionandclinicalaccuracythesecretlivesofpeoplewhohavebeenirreparablythwartedandfrustrat
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