2022年高考英语真题及答案(全国乙卷).docx
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2022年高考英语真题及答案(全国乙卷).docx
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2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国乙卷)
英语
注意事项:
1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:
Howmuchistheshirt?
A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.
答案是C。
1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?
A.Havebreakfast. B.Takeawalk. C.Callhisoffice.
2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?
A.Havingameeting. B.Flyinghome. C.Workingonaproject.
3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?
A.It’sbig. B.It’squiet. C.It’snew.
4.Howdoesthewomansound?
A.Annoyed. B.Pleased. C.Puzzled.
5.Whereistheman’stable?
A.Nearthedoor. B.Bythewindow. C.Inthecorner.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?
A.Eatout. B.Goshopping. C.Dosports.
7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?
A.Bossandsecretary. B.Hostessandguest. C.Husbandandwife.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?
A.Theirbusinessisslow. B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It’seasytohirepeople.
9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?
A.Finishitallatonce. B.Havethesalessectiongofirst. C.Doonedepartmentatatime.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?
A.Howtoappreciateartworks.
B.Howtodealwithartists.
C.Howtorunamuseum.
11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?
A.Hestudiedatacollege. B.Heservedinthearmy. C.Heworkedinagallery.
12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?
A.Rembrandt’s. B.Botticelli’s. C.Rubens’.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?
A.Atalibrary. B.Inalawfirm. C.Onatrain.
14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?
A.March. B.August. C.October.
15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?
A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.
B.Hewasofferedabetterone.
C.Hegottiredofit.
16.WhatisSusan’sattitudetoJohn’sproblem?
A.Carefree. B.Understanding. C.Forgiving.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?
A.Afitnesscoach. B.Achessplayer. C.Amarathonrunner.
18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?
A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt. B.Hebrokeaworldrecord. C.Hewonfifthplace.
19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?
A.Gettingoveraninjury. B.Doingstrengthtraining. C.RepresentingBotswana.
20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?
A.Hisplantogoforthegold.
B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.
C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
HenryRaeburn(1756-1823)
TheExhibition
ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland’sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.
LectureSeries
ScottishNationalPortrait(肖像画)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.
AnIntroductiontoRaeburn
Sunday26Oct.,15.00
DUNCANTHOMSON
Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries
Thursday30Oct.,13.10
JUDYEGERTON
CharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn’sPortraits
Thursday6Nov.,13.10
NICHOLASPHILLIPSON
RaeburnandArtist’sTraininginthe18thCentury
Thursday13Nov.,13.10
MARTINPOSTLE
ExhibitionTimes
Monday-Saturday10.00—17.45Sunday12.00—17.45
Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:
17.15.Thereisnore-admission.
Closed:
24—26Decemberand1January.
Admission
£4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.
SchoolsandColleges
Aspeciallowentrancechargeoff2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.
21.Whatistherighttimeforattending Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries?
A.Sun.26Oct. B.Thurs.30Oct. C.Thurs.6Nov. D.Thurs.13Nov.
22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?
A.£4. B.£8. C.£12. D.£16.
23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?
A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings. B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.
C.Theymustbeledbyteachers. D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.
B
In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo. toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectof NothingDaunted:
TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWest byDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.
Whydidtheygothen?
Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.
Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.
InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’ decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉) drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.
Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍) ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:
“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:
foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”
24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?
A.Toteachinaschool. B.TostudyAmericanhistory.
C.Towriteabook. D.Todosightseeing.
25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?
A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.
C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D.Theysufferedseverehardships.
26.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?
A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn. B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.
C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies. D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.
27.Whatisthetext?
A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview. C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.
C
Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机) guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?
Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s “eyesinthesky” technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施) worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.
Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效) acrosstheboard.
Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’ efforts.
Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:
theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.
28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?
A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.
B.Drones’ abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.
C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.
D.Drones’ reliableperformanceinremoteareas.
29.Whatdoes “maintenance” underlinedinparagraph3referto?
A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.
C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.
30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?
A.Toprovideearlywarning. B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.
C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D.Toacceleratetransportation.
31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?
A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones
B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded
C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace
D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways
D
TheGovernment’ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuch
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