英美国家文化概况.docx
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英美国家文化概况.docx
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英美国家文化概况
判断题(红为对)
UK
U1
1.TheUnitedKingdomislocatedinnorthernEurope.
2.TheUnitedKingdomconsistsoffourpoliticaldivisions—England,Scotland,WalesandIreland.
3.EnglandisoneofthetwolargeislandsintheBritishIsles.
4.TheBritishIslesaremadeupofthreelargeislandsandhundredsofsmallones.
5.WalesliesontheeastcoastoftheislandofGreatBritain.
6.TheCommonwealthofNationsisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatallusedtobecoloniesofBritain.
7.InScotland,ruggedmountains,greenvalleys,anddeep,bluelakesprovidesomeofthemostbeautifulsceneryinEurope.
8.ThelongestriverinBritainistheThames.
9.ThelargestlakeinBritainistheLoughNeaghinnorthwestEngland.
10.Britain’sclimateisinfluencedbytheGulfStream,awarmoceancurrentthatsweepsupfromtheequatorandflowspasttheBritishIsles.
U2
1.TheEnglish,theScots,andtheWelshareAnglo-Saxons,buttheIrishareCelts.
2.LondonandEnglandasawholehavegreatinfluenceovertherestoftheUnitedKingdombecauseoftheirlargepopulation.
3.PeopleofIndian,Pakistani,andBangladeshioriginarethelargestgroupofimmigrantsinBritain.
4.Comparedtotherestoftheworld,theUKhasasmallerpercentageofolderpeopleandahigherpercentageofyoungerpeople.
5.TheWelshlanguageistheofficiallanguageinWales.
6.ScottishGaelicistheofficiallanguageinScotland.
7.TheEnglishlanguageisthepredominantlanguageinNorthernIreland.
8.EnglishpeopleallstrivetofreethemselvesofregionalorlocalaccentsinordertosoundlikeeducatedEnglish-speakingpeople.
9.SocialclassintheUKlaysmoreemphasisonmoneyandproperty.
10.Britishnessisassociatedwithpolitical,historical,technological,sporting,andculturalachievementsinBritain.
U3
1.ThefirstRomaninvasiontookplacein43AD,headedbytheEmperorJuliusCaesar.
2.Thename“England”derivedfromtheAngles,oneoftheGermanictribeswhocametoEnglandinthe5thand6thcenturies.
3.TheMagnaCartadefinedtheKing’sfeudalrights,preventinghimfromarbitrarilycollectingrevenue.
4.TheBlackDeathonceravagedEngland,carryingoffthreefourthsofthepopulation.
5.DuringEdwardIII’sreign,thewarwithFranceknownastheHundredYears’Warbegan.
6.TheWarsoftheRoseswereinthemainagreatcontestforCrownbetweentherivalhousesofYorkandLancaster.
7.QueenMarywasafolloweroftheChurchofEnglandandshewasdeterminedtomakeEnglandonceagainaProtestantcountry.
8.James’son,CharlesI,whosucceededhimin1625,alsothoughtthathisrighttorulewasGod-given.
9.TheestablishmentoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanyin1600wasacaseofeconomicpenetration.
U4
1.Althoughthemonarchdoesnothaveanyrealpower,he(orshe)doeshavegreatinfluence.
2.Britaindoesnothaveawrittenconstitution.
3.EachMemberofParliamentrepresentsaconstituency,andholdshisseatduringthelifeofaParliament.
4.TheHouseofLordsisthesecondchamberwherechangesinlawcanbemade.
5.ThepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsintheHouseofLordsbecomestheofficialOpposition.
6.MinistersareappointedbytheQueenontherecommendationofthePrimeMinister.
7.ThetwomajorpartiesinBritaintodayaretheConservativePartyandtheLiberalDemocraticParty.
8.MinistersinBritaincannotbeelectedMembersofParliamentatthesametime.
U5
1.AlthoughBritainisaunitarystate,itdoesnothaveasinglelegalsystem.
2.AMagistrates’Courtsitswithajury.
3.InScotland,allappealsareheardbythreeormorejudgesoftheHighCourtofJusticiary.
4.OfficersinGreatBraindonotnormallycarryfirearms.
5.London’sMetropolitanPoliceForceisdirectlyunderthecontroloftheLordChancellor.
6.ThemaincourtsofciviljurisdictioninEnglandandWalesaretheCountyCourts.
7.HouseofLordsisthecourtoflastresortformostinstancesofUKlaw.
8.LordChancelloristhehighestcourtofficerinBritain.
9.Unlessthecasewithwhichanarrestedpersonischargedisveryserious,hewillusuallybegrantedbailifhecannotbebroughtbeforethecourtwithinaday.
10.Ifapersonischargedwithmurder,andhasinsufficientmeans,hemustbegrantedlegalaid.
U6
1.AcenturyagotheBritisheconomywasamongthestrongestintheworld.
2.JohnMaynardKeyneswasaninfluentialAmericaneconomist.
3.AstrongopponentofthepoliciesoftheLaborParty,MargaretThatcherworkedtoincreasegovernmentcontrolovertheBritisheconomy.
4.InBritainserviceindustriesaccountforabouttwo-thirdsofitsgrossdomesticproduct.
5.TheareabetweenLondonandSouthWalesisoftenreferredtoasBritain’s“SiliconGlen”.
6.Britainimportschieflymanufacturedproductsandexportsmostlyrawmaterials.
7.MostoftheUnitedKingdom’stradeiswithotherdevelopedcountries,especiallyothermembersoftheEuropeanUnion.
8.ThevalueofBritain’sexportsofgoodsusuallyexceedsthevalueofitsimports.
9.Today,theCityofLondonisthecentreofLondonwheregovernmentdepartmentsarelocated.
10.ThetradeunionmovementinBritainisbecomingstrongertheseyearsbecauseofchangesinthestructureofemployment.
U7
1.TheNationalHealthService(NHS)providesforeveryresident,regardlessofincome,afullrangeofmedicalservices.
2.TheNationalHealthService(NHS)isnowalargelyfreeservice.
3.Socialservicesauthoritiesgivehelptofamiliesfacingspecialproblems.
4.Socialsecuritybenefitsareincreasedannuallyinlinewithpercentageincreasesinretailprices.
5.GeneralPractitionersreceivefeesbasedonthenumberofindividualswhoregisterwiththemaspatients.
6.InNorthernIreland,theneedsofthoseindifficultyaremetbylocalauthorities,whodrawuponfundsprovidedbytheDepartmentforWorkandPensions(DWP).
7.EyetestsanddentaltreatmentsinNHShospitalsarefreeofcharge.
8.Personalsocialservicesrefertotheprovisionoffinancialsupportforthepeopleindifficulty.
9.MostBritishpeoplenowliveindetachedhouses.
U8
1.IntheUK,morethanhalfoftheChristiansattendworshiponaregularbasis.
2.ChristianitywasfirstintroducedintoBritainbySt.Augustineinthe6thcentury.
3.UndertheActofSettlement1701,theBritishmonarchisrequiredtobeamemberoftheChurchofEngland.
4.TheSupremeGovernoroftheChurchofEnglandistheArchbishopofCanterbury.
5.CanterburyCathedralisusedfortheCoronationofallBritishMonarchs.
6.In1994thefirstwomenwereordainedaspriestsintheAnglicanChurch.
7.TheChurchofScotlandistheestablishedchurchinScotlandandissubjecttostatecontrol.
8.TheBaptistUnionofGreatBritainisthelargestoftheFreeChurchesinBritain.
9.TheUKhasthesecondlargestJewishcommunityinWesternEurope.
10.SincetheUnitedKingdomguaranteesitscitizensreligiousfreedomwithoutinterferencefromthestateorthecommunity,religioninBritainisseparatedfrompolitics.
U9
1.Parentsarerequiredbylawtoensurethattheirchildrenreceivecompulsoryfull-timeeducationbetweentheageof5and16.
2.MostofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationinGreatBritainattendscomprehensiveschools.
3.Thankstothe1988EducationReformAct,theUKhassinceprovideduniversalandfreestateprimaryandsecondaryeducation.
4.TheSecretaryofStateforEducationisresponsibleforeducationintheUK.
5.TheDepartmentofEducationandScienceisprimarilyresponsibleforpublicspendingonschools.
6.IntheUK,publicschoolsarepublicly-fundedschools.
7.Universitiesandhighereducationcollegesenjoyacademicfreedom,appointtheirownstaff,awardtheirowndegrees,decidewhichstudentstoadmitandarefinanciallyself-reliant.
8.IntheUK,mostundergraduate(bachelor’s)degreestakethreeyearstocomplete.
9.TheOpenUniversitywasintendedtogiveopportunitiestoadultswhohavebeenunabletotakeconventionalhighereducation.
10.Morethan70BritishcitizenshavebeenawardedtheNobelPrizeinscience,secondonlytotheUnitedStates.
U10
1.PeopleintheUKspendmostoftheirfreetimeinthepub.
2.TheRoyalNationalTheatreoftenperformsinStratford-upon-Avon,Shakespeare’sbirthplace.
3.WiththeemergenceoftheBeatles,theRollingStones,andtheWho,Britishpopularmusicledtheworldfromtheearly1980s.
4.TheBritishLibrary,thenationallibrary,isoneoftheworld’sthreelargest.
5.TheUK’sbiggest-sellingnewspaperisTheTimes.
6.TheChannel4isstate-owned,thoughitoperatesinacommercialway.
7.ThenationalsportoftheUKisrugby.
8.Cricketispopularinallthefourhomenations.
9.GolfwasborninScotland.
10.TennisisthehighestprofilesportforthetwoweeksoftheWimbledonChampionships.
USA
U1
1.TheUnitedStatesstretchesfromtheAtlanticOceaninthewesttothePacificOceanintheeast.
2.TheMississippiriveristhelongestriverintheUnitedStates.
3.TheAppalachianregionisbothcomplicatedandvaried,containingsomeofthehighestmountainsinNorthAmerica,butalsoavastexpanseofintermontanebasins,plateaus,andisolatedranges.
4.WesternWashingtonandOregonreceiveplentyofrainandcentralCaliforniaisnoticeablydrierinwinter.
5.NewEnglandissometimescalledthebirthplaceofAmerica.
6.WashingtonD.C.islocatedintheSouthernStatesRegion.
7.ManySouthernershaveastrongsenseofregionalloyaltyandtakeprideintheSouth’shistoryandtradition.
8.TheMidwesternStatesRegionisavastareaofgenerallyflatlandthatcoversmuchofthecenteroftheUnitedStates.
9.LasVegasandRenostandoutas“Americandreamland”,fortheypri
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