大学中英文对照.docx
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大学中英文对照.docx
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大学中英文对照
《大学》(中英文)
TheGreatLearning
ByConfucius Writtenca.500B.C.E
总纲(右经一章,盖孔子之言,而曾子述之;其传十章,则曾子之意,而门人记之也。
旧本颇有错简,今因程子所定,而更考经文,别为序次如左。
)
(凡传十章:
前四章统论纲领指趣;後六章细论条目工夫。
其第五章乃明善之要。
第六章乃诚身之本,在初学;尤为当务之急。
读者不可以其近而忽之也)
『1』大学之道在明明德,在亲民,在止於至善。
Whatthegreatlearningteaches,istoillustrateillustriousvirtue;to renovatethepeople;andtorestinthehighestexcellence.
『2』知止而後有定;定而後能静;静而後能安;安而後能虑;虑而後能得。
Thepointwheretorestbeingknown,theobjectofpursuitisthendetermined;and,thatbeingdetermined,acalmunperturbednessmaybeattained to.Tothatcalmnesstherewillsucceedatranquilrepose.Inthatrepose theremaybecarefuldeliberation,andthatdeliberationwillbefollowed bytheattainmentofthedesiredend.
『3』物有本末;事有终始。
知所先後则近道矣。
Thingshavetheirrootandtheirbranches.Affairshavetheirendandtheirbeginning.Toknowwhatisfirstandwhatislastwillleadnear towhatistaughtintheGreatLearning.
『4』古之欲明明德於天下者先治其国。
欲治其国者先齐其家。
欲齐其家者先修其身。
欲修其身者先正其心。
欲正其心者先诚其意。
欲诚其意者先致其知。
致知在格物。
Theancientswhowishedtoillustrateillustriousvirtuethroughoutthekingdom,firstorderedwelltheirownstates.Wishingtoorderwelltheirstates,theyfirstregulatedtheirfamilies.Wishingtoregulatetheirfamilies,theyfirstcultivatedtheirpersons.Wishingtocultivate theirpersons,theyfirstrectifiedtheirhearts.Wishingtorectifytheir hearts,theyfirstsoughttobesincereintheirthoughts.Wishingtobe sincereintheirthoughts,theyfirstextendedtotheutmosttheirknowledge. Suchextensionofknowledgelayintheinvestigationof things.
『5』物格而後知至。
知至而後意诚。
意诚而後心正。
心正而後身修。
身修而後家齐。
家齐而後国治。
国治而後天下平。
Thingsbeinginvestigated,knowledgebecamecomplete.Theirknowledge beingcomplete,theirthoughtsweresincere.Theirthoughtsbeingsincere, theirheartswerethenrectified.Theirheartsbeingrectified,theirpersons werecultivated.Theirpersonsbeingcultivated,theirfamilieswereregulated. Theirfamiliesbeingregulated,theirstateswererightlygoverned.Their statesbeingrightlygoverned,thewholekingdomwasmadetranquiland happy.
『6』自天子以至於庶人台是皆以修身为本。
FromtheSonofHeavendowntothemassofthepeople,allmustconsiderthecultivationofthepersontherootofeverything besides.
『7』其本乱而末治者,否矣。
其所厚者薄而其所薄者厚,未之有也。
Itcannotbe,whentherootisneglected,thatwhatshouldspringfromitwillbewellordered.Itneverhasbeenthecasethatwhatwasofgreatimportancehasbeenslightlycaredfor,and,atthesametime,thatwhatwasofslightimportancehasbeengreatlycared for.
第一章 (右传之首章,释明明德。
)
『1』康诰曰,「克明德。
」
IntheAnnouncementtoK'ang,itissaid,"Hewasabletomake hisvirtueillustrious."
『2』大甲曰,「顾天之明命。
」
IntheTaiChia,itissaid,"Hecontemplatedandstudiedtheillustrious decreesofHeaven."
『3』帝典曰:
「克明峻德。
」
IntheCanonoftheemperor(Yao),itissaid,"Hewasabletomakeillustrioushisloftyvirtue."
『4』皆自明也。
Thesepassagesallshowhowthosesovereignsmadethemselvesillustrious.
第二章 (右传之二章,释新民。
)
『1』汤之盘铭曰:
「苟日新,日日新,又日新。
」
OnthebathingtubofT'ang,thefollowingwordswereengraved:
"Ifyoucanonedayrenovateyourself,dosofromdaytoday.Yea,lettherebedailyrenovation."
『2』康诰曰,「作新民。
」
IntheAnnouncementtoK'ang,itissaid,"Tostirupthenewpeople."
『3』诗曰:
「周虽旧邦,其命维新。
」
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"AlthoughChauwasanancientstatetheordinancewhichlightedonitwasnew."
『4』是故君子无所不用其极。
Therefore,thesuperiormanineverythinguseshisutmostendeavors.
第三章 (右传之三章,释止於至善。
)
『1』诗云,「邦畿千里,惟民所止。
」
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"Theroyaldomainofathousandliiswherethepeoplerest."
『2』诗云,「缗蛮黄鸟,止於丘隅。
」子曰:
「於止,知其所止,可以人而不如鸟乎?
」
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"Thetwitteringyellowbirdrestsonacornerofthemound."TheMastersaid,"Whenitrests,itknows wheretorest.Isitpossiblethatamanshouldnotbeequaltothis bird?
"
『3』诗云,「穆穆文王,於缉熙敬止。
」为人君,止於仁;为人臣,止於敬;为人子,止於孝;为人父,止於慈;与国人交,止於信。
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"ProfoundwasKingWan.With howbrightandunceasingafeelingofreverencedidheregardhisrestingplaces!
"Asasovereign,herestedinbenevolence.Asaminister,herested inreverence.Asason,herestedinfilialpiety.Asafather,herested inkindness.Incommunicationwithhissubjects,herestedingood faith.
『4』诗云,「瞻彼淇澳,绿竹猗猗。
有斐君子。
如切如磋,如琢如磨。
瑟兮兮,赫兮喧兮。
有斐君子,终不可喧兮。
」「如切如磋」者,道学也;「如琢如磨」者,自修也;「瑟兮兮」者,恂栗也;「赫兮喧兮」者,威仪也;「有斐君子,终不可喧兮」者,道盛德至善,民之不能忘也。
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"Lookatthatwindingcourse oftheCh'i,withthegreenbamboossoluxuriant!
Hereisourelegantandaccomplishedprince!
Aswecutandthenfile;aswechiselandthengrind:
sohashecultivatedhimself.Howgraveisheanddignified!
Howmajestic anddistinguished!
Ourelegantandaccomplishedprincenevercanbeforgotten." Thatexpression-"Aswecutandthenfile,"theworkoflearning."Aswe chiselandthengrind,"indicatesthatofself-culture."Howgraveishe anddignified!
"indicatesthefeelingofcautiousreverence."Howcommanding anddistinguished!
indicatesanawe-inspiringdeportment."Ourelegant andaccomplishedprincenevercanbeforgotten,"indicateshow,whenvirtue iscompleteandexcellenceextreme,thepeoplecannotforget them.
『5』诗云,「於戏前王不忘!
」君子贤其贤,而亲其亲。
小人乐其乐,而利其利。
此以没世不忘也。
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"Ah!
theformerkingsarenotforgotten."Futureprincesdeemworthywhattheydeemedworthy,andlove whattheyloved.Thecommonpeopledelightinwhatdelightedthem,and arebenefitedbytheirbeneficialarrangements.Itisonthisaccountthat theformerkings,aftertheyhavequittedtheworld,arenot forgotten.
第四章 (右传之四章,释本末。
)
子曰:
「听讼,吾犹人也。
必也,使无讼乎?
」无情者,不得尽其辞,大畏民志。
此谓知本。
TheMastersaid,"Inhearinglitigations,Iamlikeanyotherbody.Whatisnecessaryistocausethepeopletohavenolitigations."So,those whoaredevoidofprinciplefinditimpossibletocarryouttheirspeeches, andagreatawewouldbestruckintomen'sminds;-thisiscalledknowing theroot.
第五章(右传之五章,盖释格物致知之义,而今亡矣。
闲尝窃取程子之意,以补之曰:
「所谓致知在格物者:
言欲至吾之知,在即物而穷其理也,盖人心之灵,莫不有知,而天下之物,莫不有理。
惟於理有未穷,故其知有不尽也。
是以大学始教,必使学者即凡天下之物。
莫不因其已知之理,而益穷之,以求至乎其极。
至於用力之久,而一旦豁然贯通焉。
则众物之表里精粗无不到,而吾心之全体大用,无不明矣。
此谓物格。
此谓知之至也。
)
『1』此谓知本。
『2』此谓知之至也。
Thisiscalledknowingtheroot.Thisiscalledtheperfecting ofknowledge.
第六章(右传之六章,释诚意。
)
『1』所谓诚其意者:
毋自欺也,如恶恶臭,如好好色。
此之谓自谦。
故君子必慎其独也。
Whatismeantby"makingthethoughtssincere."istheallowing noself-deception,aswhenwehateabadsmell,andaswhenwelovewhatisbeautiful.Thisiscalledself-enjoyment.Therefore,thesuperiorman mustbewatchfuloverhimselfwhenheisalone.
『2』小人闲居为不善,无所不至,见君子,而後厌然。
其不善,而著其善。
人之视己,如见其肺肝然,则何益矣。
此谓诚於中,形於外。
故君子必慎其独也。
Thereisnoeviltowhichthemeanman,dwellingretired,will notproceed,butwhenheseesasuperiorman,heinstantlytriestodisguise himself,concealinghisevil,anddisplayingwhatisgood.Theotherbeholds him,asifhesawhisheartandreins;-ofwhatuseishisdisguise?
This isaninstanceofthesaying-"Whattrulyiswithinwillbemanifested without."Therefore,thesuperiormanmustbewatchfuloverhimselfwhen heisalone.
『3』曾子曰,「十目所视,十手所指,其严乎。
」
ThediscipleTsangsaid,"Whatteneyesbehold,whattenhandspointto,istoberegardedwithreverence!
"
『4』富润屋,德润身。
心广体胖。
故君子必诚其意。
Richesadornahouse,andvirtueadornstheperson.Themindisexpanded,andthebodyisatease.Therefore,thesuperiormanmustmake histhoughtssincere.
第七章 (右传之七章,释正心修身。
)
『1』所谓修身在正其心者:
身有所忿,则不得其正。
有所恐惧,则不得其正。
有所好乐,则不得其正。
有所忧患,则不得其正。
Whatismeantby,"Thecultivationofthepersondependsonrectifying themindmaybethusillustrated:
-Ifamanbeundertheinfluenceofpassion hewillbeincorrectinhisconduct.Hewillbethesame,ifheisunder theinfluenceofterror,orundertheinfluenceoffondregard,orunder thatofsorrowanddistress.
『2』心不在焉,视而不见,听而不闻,食而不知其味。
Whenthemindisnotpresent,welookanddonotsee;wehearanddonotunderstand;weeatanddonotknowthetasteofwhatwe eat.
『3』此谓修身在正其心。
Thisiswhatismeantbysayingthatthecultivationofthepersondependsontherectifyingofthemind.
第八章 (右传之八章,释修身齐家。
)
『1』所谓齐其家在修其身者:
人之其所亲爱而辟焉。
之其所贱恶而辟焉。
之其所畏敬而辟焉。
之其所哀矜而辟焉。
之其所敖惰而辟焉。
故好而知其恶,恶而知其美者,天下鲜矣。
Whatismeantby"Theregulationofone'sfamilydependsonthecultivationofhispersonisthis:
-menarepartialwheretheyfeelaffection andlove;partialwheretheydespiseanddislike;partialwheretheystand inaweandreverence;partialwheretheyfeelsorrowandcompassion;partial wheretheyarearrogantandrude.Thusitisthattherearefewmenin theworldwholoveandatthesametimeknowthebadqualitiesoftheobject oftheirlove,orwhohateandyetknowtheexcellencesoftheobjectof theirhatred.
『2』故谚有之曰,「人莫知其子之恶,莫知其苗之硕。
」
Henceitissaid,inthecommonadage,"Amandoesnotknowthewickednessofhisson;hedoesnotknowtherichnessofhisgrowingcorn."
『3』此谓身不修,不可以齐其家。
Thisiswhatismeantbysayingthatifthepersonbenotcultivated, amancannotregulatehisfamily.
第九章 (右传之九章,释齐家治国。
)
『1』所谓治国必先齐其家者:
其家不可教,而能教人者,无之。
故君子不出家,而成教於国。
孝者,所以事君也;弟者,所以事长也;慈者,所以使众也。
Whatismeantby"Inorderrightlytogovernthestate,itisnecessary firsttoregulatethefamily,"isthis:
-Itisnotpossibleforonetoteach others,whilehecannotteachhisownfamily.Therefore,theruler,without goingbeyondhisfamily,completesthelessonsforthestate.Thereis filialpiety:
-therewiththe.sovereignshouldbeserved.Thereisfraternal submission:
-therewitheldersandsuperiorsshouldbeserved.Thereiskindness:
-therewith themultitudeshouldbetreated.
『2』康诰曰,「如保赤子,心诚求之。
」虽不中、不远矣,未有学养子,而後嫁者也。
IntheAnnouncementtoK'ang,itissaid,"Actasifyouwerewatching overaninfant."Ifamotherisreallyanxiousaboutit,thoughshemay nothitexactlythewantsofherinfant,shewillnotbefarfromdoing so.Thereneverhasbeenag
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