事业单位公共基础知识英语阅读理解练习.docx
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事业单位公共基础知识英语阅读理解练习.docx
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事业单位公共基础知识英语阅读理解练习
未来教育事业单位公共基础知识英语阅读理解练习
阅读理解短文(70篇)
Passage2
Peoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings--e.g.,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchanaddiction(癖好;瘾)arecompulsive(难以抑制的);i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders.Theyfeelthattheymustspendmoney.Thiscompulsion,likemostothers,isirrational--impossibletoexplainreasonably.Forcompulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit(赊购),chargeaccounts(赊购帐户)areevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.Inotherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthatwithcredit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.
Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon'tneedjustbecausetheyarecheap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:
agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.
Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychologytoincreasebusiness:
Theyconsiderpeople'sneedsforlove,power,orinfluence,theirbasicvalues,theirbeliefsandopinions,andsoonintheiradvertisingandsalesmethods.
Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled"behaviortherapy(疗法)"tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.
1..Accordingtothepsychologists,acompulsivespenderisonewhospendslargeamountsofmoney.
A)andtakesgreatpleasurefromwhatheorshebuysB)inordertosatisfyhisorherbasicneedsinlife
C)justtomeethisorherstrongpsychologicalneedD)entirelywithanirrationaleagerness
2..Accordingtothewriter,compulsivebargainhuntersareinconstantsearchofthelowestpossibleprices.
A)becausetheywanttosavemoneytohelptheirbudgets
B)becausetheycanopenlyboastoftheirtriumphoverothersingettingthingsforlessC)andwillnothavemoneyproblemsiftheycankeeptotheirbudgets
D)buttheyseldomadmittheyfeelsatisfiediftheycangetthingsforlessthanothers3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A)Allpeoplespendmoneyforexactlythesamereasonthattheyneedtobuythings.B)Businesspeopleandadvertiserscanusethepsychologyofmoneytoincreasesales.
C)Businesspeopleunderstandthepsychologyofcompulsivebuyingbetterthanscientists
do.
D)compulsivebargainhuntersdonothaveproblemswithmoney.
4..Thearticleismainlyabout.
A)thepsychologyofmoney-spendinghabits
B)thepurchasinghabitsofcompulsivespendersC)aspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting
D)theuseofthepsychologyofspendinghabitsinbusiness
5..Fromthepassagewemaysafelyconcludethatcompulsivespendersorcompulsivebargainhunters.
A)arereallyunreasonableB)needspecialtreatment
C)arereallybeyondremedies
D)cannevergetanyhelptosolvetheirproblemswithmoneyPassage4
In1838thepolicaleconomistMalthouspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.Today,acenturyandahalflater,therearestillexpertswhoforecastthesameglobaldisaster—unlessurgentmeasuresaretakentopreventit.
Bytheendofthepresentcenturytheremaywellbeoverfivethousandmillionpeoplelivingonthisglobe,anincreaseofoverfiftypercentoftoday'5figure.Inordertokeeppacewiththisincreaseinmankindthefarmersoftheworldwouldhavetostepuptheirproductionoffoodbyatleasttwopercenteveryyear.Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizer.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.
Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannersofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatiedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Labourcostsarefarlowerthanwhenmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorploughing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.
1..Whichofthefollowingbestsumsupthewholepassage'?
A)Malthus'predictionhasbeenprovedtobecorrectbymodernexperts.
B)Hydroponicsmaybetheanswertotheworldfoodshortageinthefuture.C)Hydroponicsisanewdevelopmentinagriculture.
D)Conventionalmethodsofagricultureshouldbeimprovedsoastostepupfoodproductionbytwopercenteveryyear.
2..Thephrase"havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies"inthefirstparagraphimpliesthat.
A)theavailablefoodsupplieswillbeenoughtofeedworldpopulationB)theearthistooexhaustedtosupportitsincreasingpopulation
C)worldpopulationwillgrowataratefasterthanfoodproductionD)foodsupplieswillbetoomuchavailableforwouldpopulation.
3Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemainreasonwhyanincreaseintheproductionoffoodisnotbeachieved?
A)Conventionalmethodsofagriculturearestillprevailingallovertheworld.
B)Modernmechanizationandtheuseoffertilizersarenotwellpopularizedintheworld.C)Therearenotenoughpotentialfarmalandreservesleft.
D)Landisbeinglostthrougherosionandindustrialization.
4..Whichofthefollwoingstatementsisnottrueofhydroponics?
A)Hydroponicsisconsideredarevolutionarymethodofagriculture.
B)Hydroponicsisstilltoocomplicatedandexpensiveforpracticaluse.C)Hydroponicshadcreatedwondersinagriculture.
D)Hydroponicshadalreadybeenemployedinfoodproduction.
5..Judgingfromthepassage,themostimportantadvantageofhydroponicsshouldbe
________.
A)higheryieldB)lowerlabourcosts
C)moreautomationD)lesshardmanualworkPassage6
Attentiontodetailissomethingeveryonecanandshoulddo-especiallyinatightjobmarket.BobCrossley,ahuman-resourcesexpertnoticesthisinthejobapplicationsthatcomecrosshisdeskeveryday.“It’samazinghowmanycandidateseliminatethemselves,”hesays.
“Résumés(简历)arrivewithstains.Somecandidatesdon'tbothertospellthecompany's
namecorrectly.OnceIseeamistake,Ieliminatethecandidate,"Crossleyconcludes."Iftheycannottakecareofthesedetails,whyshouldwetrustthemwithajob?
"
Canwepaytoomuchattentiontodetails?
Absolutely.Perfectionistsstruggleoverlittlethingsatthecostofsomethinglargertheyworktoward."Tokeepfromlosingtheforestforthetrees,"saysCharlesGarfield,associateprofessorattheUniversityofCalifomia,SanFrancisco,wemustconstantlyaskourselveshowthedetailswe'reworkingonfitintothelargerpicture.Iftheydon't,weshoulddropthemandmovetosomethingelse."
GarfieldcomparesthisprocesstohisworkasacomputerscientistatNASA."TheApolloIImoonlaunchwasslightlyoff-course90percentofthetime,"saysGarfield."Butasuccessfullandingwasstilllikelybecauseweknewtheexactcoordinatesofourgoal.Thisallowedustomakeadjustmentsasnecessary."Knowingwherewewanttogohelpsusjudgetheimportanceofeverytaskweundertake.
Toooftenwebelievewhataccountsforothers'successissomespecialsecretoraluckybreak(机遇).Butrarelyissuccesssomysterious.Againandagain,weseethatbydoinglittlethingswithinourgraspwell,largerewardsfollow.
1..Accordingtothepassage,somejobapplicantswererejected.
A)becauseoftheircarelessnessasshownintheirfailuretopresentacleancopyofaresumeB)becauseoftheirinadequateeducationasshownintheirpoorspellinginwritingaresumeC)becausetheyfailedtogiveadetaileddescriptionoftheirbackgroundintheirapplicationsD)becausetheyeliminatedtheirnamesfromtheapplicantslistthemselves
2..Theword“perfectionists”(Line1,para.3)referstothosewho________.
A)demandotherstogeteverythingabsolutelyright
B)knowhowtoadjusttheirgoalsaccordingtothecircumstances
C)paytoomuchattentiontodetailsonlytolosetheirmajorobjectivesD)arecapableofachievingperfectresultsinwhatevertheydo
3..Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sadvicetothereader?
A)Althoughtoomuchattentiontodetailsmaybecostly,
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