Acing the TOEFL Writing 4 of 8.docx
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Acing the TOEFL Writing 4 of 8.docx
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AcingtheTOEFLWriting4of8
AcingtheTOEFLWriting
IndependentWritingⅢ
BodyParagraph②
Lecturer:
Mingo,YANMing
严明
Body:
EffectiveDevelopment
v5StrategiesofDevelopment
1.Cause&Effect,
2.Exemplification,
3.Division&Classification,
4.Comparison&Contrast.
5.Definition,
Development:
DivisionandClassification
vDivisionandClassification:
1.Division:
分类
2.Classification:
归类
thesamerule(统一标准)
Development:
DivisionandClassification
v2010-11-21TopicSentence:
vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.
vArtandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.
vThroughartandmusic,childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.
Development:
DivisionandClassification
vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.
vartandmusicwhichmakechildrenfeelhappy:
vartandmusicwhichmakechildrenfeelsad:
Development:
DivisionandClassification
Claim:
Artandmusicareconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.
HappyandSad
StatedReason:
happy:
generatelaugh;
sad:
generatetears;
UnstatedReason:
happy:
laughwillcurechildrenofpressure;
sad:
themorepeoplecry,thelesspressurepeoplebear
Grounds:
Dataandevidence
happy:
cartoon(TheMole),caricature,comedy,
sad:
tragedy,theMoonlightovertheEr-quanSpring
Development:
DivisionandClassification
Claim:
Artandmusicareconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.
StatedReason:
happy:
generatelaugh;sad:
generatetears;
UnstatedReason:
happy:
laughwillcurechildrenofpressure;
sad:
themorepeoplecry,thelesspressurepeoplebear
Backing:
Argumentandevidence
happy:
laughter:
forgetunhappythinsinlife
sad:
cryinghelppeoplereleaseemotionalstress;
physicalstresscandistractpeople’attention
Development:
DivisionandClassification
vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.
Theincreasedloadfromtraditionalcoursesposesconsiderablepressureuponyoungerstudents.Therearetwokindsofartandmusic.Onecanmakepeoplefeelhappywhileanotheronecanmakepeoplefeelsad.Bothkindscanreleasechildrenfromthisstress…..
Development:
DivisionandClassification
vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.
Theincreasedloadfromtraditionalcoursesposesconsiderablepressureuponyoungerstudents.Yet,artandmusic,despitethesadnessorpleasuretheycanbringabout,canreleasechildrenfromthisstress…..
Development:
DivisionandClassification
vArtandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.
vClassicalartandmusic:
vModernartandmusic:
Development:
DivisionandClassification
Claim:
Artandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.
ClassicalandModern
StatedReason:
because
Classical:
canenablechildrentofeelrelaxed.
Modern:
inspirepassioninlife
Grounds:
examples;statistics;testimony.
Classical:
beautyofgrandness,harmony,andbalance
Modern:
enablechildrentofeelthebeautyofdynamic.
Development:
DivisionandClassification
Claim:
Artandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.
StatedReason:
Classical:
relaxed;Modern:
inspirepassion
UnstatedReason:
premise
Bothrelaxationandpassioncantriggerinspiration,
Backing:
argumentorevidence
Classical:
relaxationhelpbrainstorming
Modern:
passionencourageschildrentoconfrontproblemsactively
Development:
DivisionandClassification
vArtandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.
Artandmusic,whichcanbedividedintoclassicalandmodernstyle,playvariousrolesintriggeringinspiration…..
Development:
DivisionandClassification
vThroughartandmusic,childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.
vseriousartandmusic:
vFolk/popartandmusic:
Development:
DivisionandClassification
Claim:
childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.
StatedReason:
becausechildrenunderstandartandmusic.
Grounds:
Dataandevidenceshowingthatunderstandartandmusic
(seriousartandmusic:
examples;statistics;testimony
reflecthistoryorcultureinthepast;classicaltimes;19thcentury,breakthrough,Picasso,cubism;VanGogh;postmodern,individualism
Folk/popartandmusic:
examples;statistics;testimony
reflectcultureinmodernorcontemporarysociety;indifferentcountriesorareas
Development:
DivisionandClassification
vThroughartandmusic,childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.
Differentartandmusic,includingseriousorpopones,mirrorvariouscultureandhistory….
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
vComparisonandContrast:
1.Comparison:
similarity
比较:
找相同点
2.Contrast:
difference
对照:
找不同点
3.Analogy:
比拟,比喻
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
vComparison&Contrast:
also,too,both,like,likewise,similarly,
notonly...butalso…,haveincommon,
inthesameway,inlikemanner,
bythesametoken,insimilarfashion,
sharethesame
yet,andyet,although,unlike,nevertheless,notwithstanding,nonetheless,otherwise,
afterall,onthecontrary,incontrast,
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
vAnalogy(比拟、比喻):
vA…like/asB
治大国若烹小鲜。
Governinganationislikecookingafish.
2.AparallelsB
3.Thereare(have/show/find/indicate/reveal)someparallelsbetween/in…
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
vAnalogy(比拟、比喻):
4.resemblesth.(society/machine)
5.bearmany(little/some)close(striking)resemblancesto
vbeanalogousto
vbesimilarto
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
vAnalogy(比拟、比喻):
9.A…toB+as/what+C…toD
vReadingistoourmindwhat(=as)foodistoourbody.
阅读于思想而言,犹如食物于身体。
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
10.(Just)As+B,so…A;What…,that…
vJustasfiretriesgold,sodoesadversitytryvirtue.
正如火试金一样,逆境验证人的品德。
vWhatbloodvesselistoaman’sbody,thatrailwayistotransportation.
血管对于人体而言,犹如铁路对于运输。
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
v2010-11-21TopicSentence:
vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.
vArtandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.
vThroughartandmusic,childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.
球员需要场间休息;旅行者需要绿洲
Justasbasketballplayersneedbreaktimeingamestorelax,itisabsolutelynecessaryforprimaryschoolchildrentoreleasethemselvesfromthestressposedbytheincreasedcourseload.Ifso,childrencan….Ifnot,theywill…
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
vArtandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.
灵感如同火花
Justassparkscanbeemittedbyacrash,thecrashofsensationalsubjects-artandmusiccourses-andmath,science,language,andhistorycanalsotriggerchildren’sinspirationintraditionalcourses.Withtheinspiration,children……Ifwithoutit,…………
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
vThroughartandmusic,childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.
艺术与音乐如同一面反映文化和历史的镜子。
Peopleareaccustomedtogainaclearviewoftheirdressingthroughamirror.Artandmusiccoursesissimilartoamirrorwhichcanreflect……Learningartandmusiccourses,primaryschoolchildrencan…Otherwise,they…
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
v2009-01-18Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?
Itisimportantforfamiliestoregularlyhavetheirmealstogether.
聚餐与一个家庭而言,就如同会议对于一个公司一样重要。
会议对一个公司而言非常重要……
vWhathavingmealstogetherregularlyistoafamily,thatmeetingistoabusinessorganization.Regularmeetingisindispensabletoacorporation,because……
vTheimportanceofhavingmealstogethertoafamilyissimilartothatofmeetingstocorporations.
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
v2009-02-22:
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?
Themajorpurposeoftelevisionistoeducateratherthantoentertain.
电视和电影有许多相似之处。
电影……
①Televisionbearsmanystrikingresemblancestomovie.Movie…
②Televisionresemblesmovie.Movie…
③Televisionisanalogoustomovie.Movie…
④Televisionissimilartomovie.Movie…
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
v2009-02-28:
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?
Teachersshouldberewardedwithincomescomparabletothoseofdoctors,lawyers,orbusinessleaders.
教师之于教育,犹如医生之于医学、律师之于法律、商业领袖之于商业。
vWhat(As)doctorsaretomedicalscience,lawyerstolaws,andbusinessleaderstobusiness,teachersaretoeducation.
vTheimportanceofteachersineducationissimilartothatofdoctorsinmedicalscience,….
Development:
ComparisonandContrast
v2009-03-07:
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?
Itisbettertouseourpersonalknowledgeandexperiencestosolveproblems,ratherthantoaskotherpeopleforadvice.
采纳他人意见去解决处理问题,就好比利用工具去搬运重物一样。
Askingotherpeopleforadvicetodealwithproblemsisanalogous
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