河南中考英语解题技巧阅读技巧主旨大意题推理判断题原卷版.docx
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河南中考英语解题技巧阅读技巧主旨大意题推理判断题原卷版.docx
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河南中考英语解题技巧阅读技巧主旨大意题推理判断题原卷版
阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题
推理判断题
1.题型特点
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。
这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。
有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。
2.推理判断题主要的设问方式
①Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat...
②Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?
③Thewritersuggeststhat...
④Thewriterusestheexampleof...toshowthat...
⑤What’sthewriter’sattitudetoward...?
⑥What’sthewriter’spurposeofwritingthepassage?
⑦Fromthepassage,weknow...
⑧Thewriterprobablyagreesthat...
3.推理判断题的解题技巧
中考的阅读理解不仅要求考生读懂短文中的句子,而且还要求能理解句子之间的内在联系。
有的试题要求根据中学生必须具有的常识,对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求了解其内在的逻辑关系,从而对所读的内容形成较深层的理解。
一般来说,这类问题都不能直接从原文中找到答案,必须根据原文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推断。
完成推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点:
(1)特别留心特定细节
所谓“特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实。
它一般包括事实根据、名字(人物或地点)、数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方法(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。
(2)注意作者的语气和态度
作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。
要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的形容词和副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。
从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度;从句式的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气。
主旨大意题
1.题型特点
要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。
解答这种题型时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(mainidea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而获取文章中隐藏的信息。
2.主旨大意题主要的设问方式
①What’sthemainideaofthispassage?
②Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?
③Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
④Thewritermeanstotellusthat .
⑤Themainideaofthepassageisthat .
⑥Thepassageismainlyabout .
⑦Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat .
⑧Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith .
⑨What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?
⑩Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
Thebesttitleforthepassageis .
3.主旨大意题的解题技巧
(1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。
所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的诸如名词、动词等,冠词或介词等词均不在关键词之列。
需要注意的是,为了避免同一词的过多重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词或代词指代。
我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句,比如大多数的记叙文。
记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。
因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。
(2)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句的句子来表示。
主题句有两个功能:
①介绍段落的主题;②阐述控制概念,控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。
主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。
我们在阅读非故事性文章如科普文章的时候,主题句尤为明显。
有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
①主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论点,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。
这种段落称作演绎型段落。
据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。
a.寻找主题句
有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:
forexample,anexampleof,themostimportantexample,first,second,next,then,last,finally,tobeginwith,also,besidesthat等。
在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。
如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句为主题句,在第二句前面添加一个forexample,看看第二句是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。
b.选择答案
先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的复述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。
②主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。
这种段落称作归纳型段落。
③主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。
有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。
在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。
此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。
真题训练
一
Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood,takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.Butregardlessof(不管)age,somepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileforsomeafewhoursisenough.
Theproblemwithsleepisthatmoreandmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,overhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStatesalone,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Alsosleepproblemscancausemedicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure(血压).
Whyaresomanypeoplesleep-deprived?
Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.IntheAmericanculture,peopleputahighervalueonworkthanonsleep.Infact,peoplewhosleepalotareusuallyseenas“lazy”.Also,youcansometimeshearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon’thavemuchtimetosleep,andtheyonlysleepfourorfivehoursanight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themoreworkyou’lldo.
Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?
PerhapstheymaylistentotheadviceofDr.JamesMaas,anexpert(专家)insleep.Hesays,“Sleepislikeacredit(信用)card.Whenyousleepless,youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon’tsleep,themorehoursyoushouldsleepto‘payback’thehoursonyour‘sleepcreditcard’.”
Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid,“Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish(愚蠢的)ideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.”
1.Accordingtothewriter,theeasiestandcheapestwaytoimprovehealthisto .
A.eathealthyfoodeveryday
B.takeexerciseasmuchaspossible
C.getmedicalhelpwhenevernecessary
D.sleepeighthoursormoreeverynight
2.Whatdoes“sleep-deprived”meaninParagraph2?
A.Havingagoodsleep.B.Excitedaboutsleep.
C.Havinglesssleep.D.Interestedinsleep.
3.AccordingtoDr.JamesMaas,whatissleeplike?
A.Anhour.B.Areport.
C.Acreditcard.D.Apieceofpaper.
4.WhatdothewordsofthefamouspersonmeaninParagraph5?
A.Sleepingduringthenightisfoolish.
B.Sleepingduringthenightishelpful.
C.Peoplehavenocourage.
D.Peoplealwaysdolesswork.
5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.TheValueofSleep
B.TheValueofStudy
C.TheWaysofEatingLess
D.TheWaysofMakingMoney
二
AnewstudyfindsthatmorethaneightypercentofInternetusersintheUnitedStatessearchforhealthinformationonline.
SusannahFoxfromthePewInternetProjectsaysdoctorsarestillthemainsourceofhealthinformation.Butthestudyfoundthatsearchingonlineisoneoftheleadingwaysthatpeoplelookforasecondopinion.Hesays,“Peoplearesortoffact-checkingwhattheyhaveheardfromadoctor.Ourstudiesshowthatpeoplearestillverylikelytoturntoahealthdoctorwhentheyneedadiagnosis(诊断)orareplanningatreatment.”
Fortypercentofpeopleareactuallylookingfordoctorsorotherproviderswhentheysearchforhealthinformationonline.TwothirdsofInternetuserslookonlineforinformationaboutacertaindiseaseormedicalcondition.
TheInternethasalsobecomeanimportantsourceofspiritualsupportforpeoplewithhealthproblems.SusannahFoxsaysoneinfiveInternetusershasgoneonlinetofindotherpeoplewhohavethesamecondition.
Adiseaseisconsidereduncommonifitaffects(侵袭)fewerthan200,000peopleworldwide.Theriseofsocialnetworkinghasmadeiteasierforpeoplewithuncommondiseasestoconnectwitheachotherandfeellessalone.Socialnetworkingisalsochangingthewaysomedoctorsandpatientscommunicatewitheachother.
DrJeffLivingstonoperatesamedicalcentreforwomeninIrving,Texas.Hisofficeusespassword-protectedsoftwaretoshareinformationwithpatients.Hesaysthesoftwarehasincreasedefficiency(效率),reducedcostsandimprovedrelationswithpatients.Ithasjustchangedthewaywedohealthcare.HismedicalcentrealsohasaFacebookpage,aMySpacepageandaTwitterfeed.
1. isoneofthemostpopularwayspeoplelookforhealthinformation.
A.Askingtheirparents
B.ThePewInternetProject
C.Searchingonline
D.Readingbooksonmedicine
2.Whatmakespeoplesearchforhealthinformationonline?
A.People’sinterestinhealth.
B.People’shealthcondition.
C.ImportanceoftheInternet.
D.Theriseofonlinetreatment.
3.Fromthefourthparagraphweknowthat .
A.peoplewithhealthproblemsgoonlinetolookforthenewtreatment
B.peoplewithhealthproblemstrytosharetheirexperiencewithothersonline
C.peoplewithhealthproblemsencourageeachotheronlinetofightagainstdiseases
D.TheInternetbecomesaplaceforpeoplewithhealthproblemstoreduceworries
4.AccordingtoParagraph5,socialnetworking .
A.becomesanewwayfordoctorsandpatientstocommunicatewitheachother
B.encouragespeopletogetmorehelpfromdoctorsonlineintime
C.helpspeopletogetmoreconfidenceaboutthetreatmentoftheirdiseases
D.makespeopleeasiertoknowmoreaboutwhattheirdiseasesare
5.Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthelastparagraph?
A.TheInternetisaneasywayfordoctorstotreattheirpatients.
B.Doctorsshouldchangetheirwaytotreattheirpatients.
C.Facebook,MySpaceandTwitterbecomeefficienttoolsfordoctors.
D.Mostpatientswouldliketoasktheirdoctorsforhelponlinenow.
三
TheSilkRoadisthenameofdifferentroadsthatlongagoconnectedEurope,AfricaandAsia.Peoplereachedthesedifferentplacesalongtheseroads.ScientistsbelievepeoplebegantotraveltheSilkRoadabout3000yearsago.BythetimetheChinesesilktradebecameimportantintheworld,theSilkRoadcoveredalmost6500kilometers.ItwentfromRometoChina,whichisfromtheWesttotheFarEast.
MerchantstravelledalongtheSilkRoadtocarrysilk,ofcourse.Theyalsocarriedandtradedotherthingslikespices(香料),cloth,jewelsandgold.
Alongandaroundtheseancientpaths(小路),havecomemanyfascinatingandmysteriousstories.
ItissaidthatRomansoldierswholostawartravelledthroughcentralAsia.TheydecidedtolivesomewhereneartheancientChinesevillages.SomeoftheseRomansmarriedlocalChinesewomenandthelegendoftheblond-haired,blue-eyedtribesofChinawasstarted.
SomehistoriansbelievethatthepeopleofKashmirweretakenawayfromtheircountryIsrael.Theywereprisoners(俘虏)ofwaralmost2800yearsago.PeoplesaythatthesepeopletravelledalongtheSilkRoad.TheykepttheirJewishwayoflifeforalongtime.
Duringitsbusiestperiod,theSilkRoadallowedpeoplefrommanydifferentculturesandcountriestomeeteachotherandmix.TheSilkRoadallowedthesharingofvaluablethingsandnewideas.Itincludedpeopleandtradinggoodsfrom
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