旅游景点中的跨文化因素翻译策略.docx
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旅游景点中的跨文化因素翻译策略.docx
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旅游景点中的跨文化因素翻译策略
旅游景点跨文化因素翻译策略
摘要旅游业在全球范围内的迅猛发展对世界经济文化产生了巨大的影响,使不同文化背景的人们进行跨文化交际变成一种需要。
外国游客来华旅游的主要目的是更好地了解中国的文化,而不仅仅是自然的风景。
这就对旅游资料的翻译提出了更高的要求。
旅游资料的翻译不是字对字的转变成相应的外文了事,而应该充分揭示其文化内涵。
然而,由于诸多因素,现有的旅游资料的翻译问题颇多,质量上良荞不齐,给中国的旅游行业带来了负面的影响。
本文提出了旅游材料的翻译应当从跨文化的角度下来进行的概念,并且探索了解决当前翻译问题的一些行之有效的方法与措施。
关键词文化因素旅游资料英语翻译跨文化交际
TranslationStrategiesforCross-CulturalElementsinTourism
AbstractTourismhasbecomeanimportantindustryundergoingrapidgrowthonaglobalscale.Thedevelopmentofthetravelindustryhas,inturn,exertedatremendousinfluenceontheeconomiesandculturesoftheworld.Tourismcreatestheneedtocommunicatewithpeopleofvariousculturalbackgrounds.ThemainpurposeoftouristsistogetabetterunderstandingofChineseculture,ratherthanjustenjoynaturalbeauty,whichdemandsthetranslationoftouristmaterialsnotonlyfromthelinguisticperspective,butalsofromtheculturalperspective.However,alargenumberofproblemsappearincurrentlytranslatedtouristmaterialsowingtovariousfactors,whichhavebroughtaboutseriousnegativeimpactonChina'stourism.
ThispaperattemptstoputforwardanotionthatEnglishtranslationoftouristmaterialsshouldbedoneinacross-culturalperspective,anditalsotriestoexploresuitablemethodstodealwiththeseproblems.
Keywordstranslationtouristmaterialscross-cultural
Contents
1.Introduction5
2.LiteratureReview7
2.1ReviewoftheResearchesonTouristTranslationinChina7
2.2AnalysisoftheExistingProblemsinCurrentResearch8
3.InterculturalTourismTranslation10
3.1Characteristicsoftouristmaterials10
3.2InterculturalTourismandTranslation12
4.TranslationStrategiesinInterculturalTourismTranslation14
4.1TheRelationshipbetweenCultureandTourism14
4.2Explanation15
4.3Analogy16
4.4Restructuring17
5.Conclusion19
Bibliography20
Acknowledgements20
1.Introduction
Amongthewaysofcross-culturalcommunication,travelingismoreandmorenoticeableandpopularbecausepeoplecanexperienceforeignculturespersonallyinthecourseofaninterestingleisurejourney.Nowadays,withthedevelopmentofsocietyandeconomy,tourismhasbecomeavitalchannelforobservingandunderstandingforeigncultures.Tourismcultureisdevelopedinthecourseofculturalexchangesinthiscondition.AnumberoftouristsvisitChinawiththesameintention-toexperiencethemysteriousChinesetraditionalculture.AccordinglythemostimportantmediumfortouriststolearnaboutChinabeforestartingtheirjourneyistouristguidebooks,advertisementsorbrochures-ascalled“touristmaterials”.Mostoftouristmaterials,whichreflectthecontentsoftourismculture,containrichinformationoftheChineseculture.Therefore,thetranslationoftouristmaterialsplaysanimportantroleinintroducingtheChinesetourismculture.
Chinaisacountrywithrichtouristresources,whichhavebeenattractingbothdomesticandforeigntourists.ForeigntouristscanenjoythebeautifulscenesinChina,butmanytouristmaterialsoftenconfusethem.Touristmaterialsareimportantfortourists,especially,theirEnglishtranslationforforeigntourists.InChina,theEnglishtranslationoftouristmaterialshasalotofproblems.
Thecurrentsituationofthetranslationofsuchmaterialisfarfrombeingsatisfactorybecauseofvariousreasons.Somepoorlytranslatedtouristmaterialshaveleftincompleteorevenverybadimpressionsonforeignvisitors,andmayleadtotheirwrongandnegativeevaluationofChinaandtheChinesepeople.ItisundoubtedthatpoortranslationsoftouristmaterialsdoharmtoandhamperdevelopmentofChina'stouristindustry.What'smore,asweknow,mosttouristmaterialsareculture-loaded,especiallyculturalconnotationsinthenamesoftouristdestinationsandscenicspots.Therefore,asEugeneA.Nidaputsit:
"fortrulysuccessfultranslation,biculturalismismoreimportantthanbilingualism,sincewordsonlyhavemeaningintermsoftheculturesinwhichtheyfunction"(2001:
82).Translatorsoftouristmaterialsshouldcultivatetheirsenseofaculturalcontextinfulfillingthetasktheyshoulderintransmittingculture,notonlylanguagetothetargetreaders.
Cross-culturalcommunicationisalsocalledinterculturalcommunicationItreferstothecommunicationactivitiesdonebypeopleofdifferentculturalbackgroundsInterculturalcommunicationisanoverlapdisciplinedesignedtorevealtheprocessofcommunicationamongpeopleofdifferentculturalbackgrounds-whathappensmthisprocess?
Howdoesithappens?
Whydoesithappens?
What'sitsresults?
Interculturalcommunicationisadynamicprocesscharacterizedbycontinuousinformationexchangebetweenpeopleofdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Inthissense,translationoftravelingseancesfromChineseintoEnglishisaninterculturalcommunicationprocessbetweentranslatorsrepresentingthesourcelanguagecultureandforeignreadersrepresentingthetargetlanguageculture,thepurposeoftranslationistoeffectivelytransferinformation,includingculture-loadedinformationtoforeignreaders.
2.LiteratureReview
2.1ReviewoftheResearchesonTouristTranslationinChina
Tourismisacross-culturalcommunicativeactivity.Touristtranslationisalsoaculturaltransformationmode.Therefore,somescholarschoosecross-culturalastheinterestofresearch.
JinHuikangisarepresentativefigureinthestudyofinterculturaltourismtranslation.Hehasbeenengagedinthetranslationoftourismtextssince1980andpublishedmanyvaluablebooksandpapersinthisfield.He(2013)offersushisexperienceintourismtranslationinGuangdong,makingsomesuggestionswhicharehelpfulintranslatinguniqueChineseculturaltermsintoEnglish.He(2007)arguesthattourismisaninterculturalcommunicativeactivity.InhisbookTranslationinInterculturalTourism(2006),Jinconductsasystemicstudyoftourismtranslationfromtheviewpointofinterculturalcommunication,whichcanbeviewedasaleadingbookinthefield.JinHuikangpointsoutthatinterculturalfactorsshouldbeconsideredinthetranslationoftouristmaterials.
JiaWenbo(2003)emphasizeswesternersandconductaninsightfultheaestheticdifferencesbetweentheChineseandtheanalysisofChinese-Englishtourismtranslation.
ChenGang(2002;2004)alsoholdsthatthatthetranslationoftourismmaterials
fromChineseintoEnglishisakindofinterculturaltranslation.Interculturalawarenessisthereforeamustfortranslators,whoshouldalwaysbeasreadyastourguidesareinintroducingChineseculturetotheforeigners.
XiaoLe(2008)suggeststhatinterculturalawarenessshouldbekeptinChinese-Englishtranslationoftouristmaterialsinfouraspectsincludinghistoricalfigures,scenenamesandhistoricalevents,tourguideinformationandcolor-loadedinformation.Withinterculturalawarenessinmind,translationoftouristtextswillbemoreefficientandsuccessfulandwillalsobebeneficialtointernationaltourists.
GuoYingzhen(2012)conductsastudyoftourismtranslationinHenanProvincefromtheperspectiveofecologicaltranslationstudies.Sheholdsthattourismtranslationisessentialintheconstructionoftheculturalsoftpowerofacountryorprovince.Itcanonlybeenhancedthroughnotonlytheimprovementoftranslationitself,butalsotheenvironmentalsystemsoftranslationtraining,translationmarket,andtranslationadministration.
WangBi(2010),withexamplesfromLushanscenicspots,analyzessomeerrorsintourismtranslation,andthenproposescertainstrategiesandmethodsoftranslationinvolvingdomestication.Wangholdsthatthecrucialstandardofagoodtranslationis
faithfulnessandacceptability.
YuTao(2010),throughananalysisofthedifferencesbetweendomesticatingand
foreignizingtranslationandthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterntourism,proposesthatforeignizationisthebetterstrategyfortourismtranslationinChina.
2.2AnalysisoftheExistingProblemsinCurrentResearch
InChina'stranslationcircle,thetourismtranslationhadbeenignoredforalongtimeuntiltheearly1990swhenscholarsbegantheirresearchinthisarea.Althoughinrecentyearsanincreasingnumberofresearchersareturningtheirattentiontothetourismtranslationandhavemadesomenewachievements,theresultisstillunsatisfactory.Tosumup,therearesuchdeficienciesasfollowinginthetranslationoftourismmaterialsinpresenttime:
Firstly,mostresearchesaredoneonthedescriptionofthetranslatedexamplesbutnotonthescientifictheories.Mostofthemstartedfromtheculturallevel,butnotmakeuseoflinguisticandtranslationtheories.Secondly,thebooksstudiedontourismtranslationarefewathomeandabroadandmanyarticleswhichdiscussedaboutthetourismtranslationjustdependonexperiences.Italsoconfinestothediscussiononhowtotranslatescenicspots,placesandslogansandthereisalackofthesubstantiveapproachesofthetourismtext,languagefeaturesanditsfunctions.Thirdly,therearerigidwordforwordtranslation,culturalerrorsandlanguageerrors.Intheoriginaltext,someusefulinformationfortheforeigntouristshasbeendeletedorsimplifiedwhilesomeuselessinformationhasn'tbeensimplifiedorremovedwhichisbadforattractingtouristsorspreadChineseculture.Becausetouristtextsareakindofculture-loadedmaterials,weshouldnotonlymakefulluseofit,butalsotransmittheinformationtotheforeigntouristseffectivelyandvividlywhichisanimportanttaskforeachtranslator.Thisisalsothepurposeofthisthesis.
3.InterculturalTourismTranslation
3.1Characteristicsoftouristmaterials
Mosttexttypesincludeallthe
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