洁净煤技术问题研究外文文献翻译最新译文.docx
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洁净煤技术问题研究外文文献翻译最新译文.docx
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洁净煤技术问题研究外文文献翻译最新译文
文献出处:
WallT.Theresearchofcleancoaltechnology[J].RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews,2015,10(8):
85-105.
原文
Theresearchofcleancoaltechnology
WallT
Abstract
Coalisanimportantpartofenergy,andenergyintheworld'sfirst.Intheworldenergystructure,coalreserves,andoilandnaturalgasarerelativelypoor.Asoilresources,thestatusofthecoalastheworld'slargestenergyhasbeenconsolidated.Inthispaper,thedevelopmentofcleancoaltechnologyandwayofcleancoalconversionarereviewed,mainlyintroducesthetechnologyofcleancoalhydrolysis,cleancoalgasificationtechnology,cleancoalliquefactiontechnologyandthecharacteristicsandapplicationofcoal-firedpowergenerationtechnology,andthedevelopmentofcleancoaltechnologyanditsapplicationforegroundisprospected.
Keywords:
cleancoaltechnology;Coalconversiontechnologies;Coalwaterslurry
1Introduction
Coalisanimportantpartoftheworld'senergy,andenergyintheworld'sfirst.Intoday'sworldenergystructure,coalreserves,andoilandnaturalgasarerelativelypoor.Asoilresources,thestatusofthecoalastheworld'slargestenergyhasbeenconsolidated.Characteristicofpetrochemicalenergyismuchlesscoal,oil,naturalgas,asaresult,thecoalintheenergystructureisanabsoluteadvantage.Butthetraditionalcoalutilizationtechnologybackwardness,lowefficiency,seriouspollution,andisthesourceofgreenhousegases.Actually,coalandnaturalgas,oil,itselfisnotpollution,onlybecauseofthecleanutilizationandconversiontechnologybehindmakingwithcoalasmainenergystateenvironmentalpollutionisserious.Therefore,thebasicwaytosolvethecoalutilizationrateislow,seriouspollutionisreasonable,cleanandefficientuseofcoalresources,thedevelopmentandapplicationofcleancoaltechnology.
2Cleancoaltechnologydevelopmentsituations
Beganinthe1980s,thecleancoaltechnologyisanewkindofcoalprocessingmethod,isreferstotheprocessofcoaldevelopmentandutilization,aimingtoreducepollutantemissions,improvetheutilizationefficiencyofcoalprocessingandconversion,combustionandthefloorboardofthepollutioncontrolandaseriesofnewtechnology,istomakecoalasanenergytoachievemaximumpotentialuseandreleaseofpollutioncontrolatthelowestlevel,reachthepurposeofefficientandcleanuseofcoaltechnology.Cleancoaltechnologyisenergyplan,itisinvolvedinthewholenationaleconomyincludesproductionandusers,andotherdepartmentsofhugesystemengineering.Ondevelopment,todevelopandexecuteaprogramisusuallydividedintotwolevels,namelytherecentcombinedwithlong-term,combiningconventionaltechnologyandthedevelopmentofhighandnewtechnologydevelopment,atthesametimestarttheinstallment.Theapplicationofconventionaltechnologyofcoaliswashingandcombustionandutilizationtechnology,suchasfluidizedbedcombustion,fluegaspurification,etc.Highandnewtechnologyinthenewpowergenerationsystem,coalgasification,andcoalliquefactionprocesses,suchasfuelcellpowergeneration,MHDpowergeneration,carbondioxide,curingandtheeffectiveuseoftechnology.
InMarch1986,theUnitedStatespioneered"cleancoaltechnologydemonstrationproject",launchedtheadvancedcoalpowergenerationtechnology,environmentalprotectionequipment,coalprocessingtechnologyforcleanenergytechnologyandindustrialapplicationsoftheresearch.Theexpertthinks,bywashingandregularuseoftechnologycansolvealltheenvironmentalproblemsinadditiontocarbondioxide.ThatAmericaisatechniqueoffourrelatedresearch,namely,advancedcoalpreparationtechnology,alternativefuelutilizationtechnology,fluegaspurificationtechnologyandthetechnologyofwastedisposal,andfourkindsofalternativefueltechnologydevelopment:
thedirectliquefactionofcoal,coalgasification,hydrogenandsynthesisgas,mildgasification.ThentheEuropeanUnion"megacardproject",etc.,havecarriedouttheresearchworkofcleanandefficientutilizationofcoal.TheEUpurposeistopromotecleancoaldevelopmentplanofEurope'senergyuseofthedevelopmentofnewtechnology,reduceourdependenceonoilandcoalutilizationcausedbyenvironmentalpollution,improvetheefficiencyofenergyconversionandutilization,reducecarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasemissions,makemorecleancoal,byimprovingtheefficiencytoreducecoalconsumption.
Japantogetridoftheoverrelianceonoil,begantoactivelyimplementcleancoaltechnologydevelopmentplan,andwithcoalandoilasoneofthebasicpolicyofenergy.Innewenergycomprehensivedevelopmentorganizationsformeda"cleancoaltechnologycenter",specificallyresponsibleforthedevelopmentofcoalutilizationtechnologyinthe21stcentury,withhundredsofbillionsofyeninvestmentcooperationwithcountriessuchasAustralia,theUnitedStatesisusedforrefiningandlignitecoalliquefaction,gasificationandcoal-waterslurry,etc.Thegoalistoraisetheproportionofcoalinthe21stcentury,notaggravateenvironmentalpollutionatthesametime.Countrieshasachievedinitialresultsincleancoaltechnology,topromotetheenergyindustryandcoalprocessingandutilizationoftheprogressofscienceandtechnology,andhassubstantialgains.Onsomenewdevelopmentprojects,suchasanewtypeofpowergeneration,coalwaterslurry,gasification,liquefaction,duetotheinfluenceofmarketeconomy,temporarilycan'tpushastechnicalreserves,alotofistosupportcommercialdemonstrationprojectbythestate.Fromthelong-termdevelopment,especiallyafterthemid21stcentury,thesetechnologieswillgraduallyappear.
3Typicalcoaldirectliquefactionprocess
Coaldirectliquefactioniscoalunderpropertemperatureandpressure,catalytichydrocrackingliquidhydrocarbonsandasmallamountofgasgeneratedhydrocarbons,removalnitrogen,oxygenandsulfurincoalconversionprocessofimpurityatoms.Thetypicalprocessis:
AmericanHTIprocess:
theprocessisintwopiecesofcatalyticliquefactionmethodandH-developedonthebasisofCOALtechnology,withnearly10yearsdevelopmentofsuspendedbedreactorandHTIproprietaryiron-basedcatalyst.Processcharacteristics:
mildreactionconditions,reactiontemperature420~450℃,reactionpressure.Theuseofspecialliquidcirculationemulatedbedreactor,towholebackmixingreactorpattern;PreparationofcatalystsaretheHTIpatenttechnologyironseriescolloidalhighlyactivecatalyst,lessdosage;Behindthehightemperatureseparatorserieshaveonlinehydrogenationfixedbedreactor,onliquefiedoilhydrofining.Solid-liquidseparationcriticalsolventextractionmethod,fromtheliquefactionresiduemaximumrecoveryofheavyoil,liquefiedoilrecoverycanbeenhancedgreatly.
BeforeJapanNEDOLprocess:
theprocessfromcoalprocessingunit,liquefiedreactionunit,liquefiedoildistillationunitandsolventofhydrocrackingunitandsoonfourmainunit.Processcharacteristics:
lowreactionpressure,only17~19MPa,thereactiontemperatureis430~465℃.Catalystusingissyntheticironsulfideornaturalpyrite.Solid-liquidseparationiswiththemethodofvacuumdistillation.Solventblendingispulpwiththecycleofhydrogenationalone,toincreasetheabilityofsolventforhydrogen.Liquefiedoilcontainsmoreheteroatom,stillmusthydrogenationqualitytogetqualifiedproducts.
NewtechnologyofcoalliquefactioninGermany:
in1981,GermanyRuhrminingcompaniesandoilcompanieschargefortheearliestdevelopmentofcoalhydrogenationcrackingburgessmethodwasimprovedforliquidfuels,completiondateprocessingcoal200thalfindustrialtestdevice,withoperatingpressureof70MPadownto30MPa,reactiontemperature450~480℃.Solid-liquidseparationchangefilter,centrifugalmethodforvacuumflash,willbedifficulttohydrogenationofasphaltinginresiduegasification,lightoilandmediumoilyieldcouldreach50%.Processcharacteristics:
thesolventcirculationhydrogenationandliquefiedoilquality,andtheprocessingwiththedirectliquefactionofcoalseriesinahighpressuresystem,avoidthematerialseparationprocesscoolingstep-upstep-downandwarmingbringenergyloss,andinafixedbedmadeofCO2andCOmachinationcatalyst,minimizingthelossofcarbon.Investmentcansaveabout20%,andimprovetheenergyefficiency.
Russiancoalhydrogenationliquefactionprocess,processfeatures:
oneisadoptedtheself-developedmomentofeddycurrentwarehousepulverizedcoaldryingtechnology,hotcrushingandporosityinthecoalburst,waterinaveryshortperiodoftimeto1.5%~2%,andthespecificsurfaceareaincreasedbyseveraltimesofcoal,toimprovereactionactivity.Thetechnologyismainlysuitableforcontaininghighinherentmoisturelignitedrying.2itistoadopttheadvancedandefficientmolybdenumcatalyst,namely,ammoniumandmolybdenumtrioxide.Catalystadditionamountof0.02%~0.02%,andthecatalystofmolybdenumrecoveryof85%~95%.Threeisforhighlyactiveligniteliquefactionpressureislow,canreduceinvestmentandoperatingcost,lessequipmentmanufacturingdifficulty.Withmolybdenumcatalyst,Russia'shighlyactiveligniteliquefactionreactionpressurecanbereducedto6~10Map,reduceinvestmentandpowerconsumption,reducecosts,andimprovethereliabilityandsecurity.Butforcoalliquefaction,mustincreasethepressure.
4Cleancoalconversiontechnologies
Coalcleanconversiontechnologyistheimportanttechnologyintheprocessofcoalclean,efficientutilization,aftercleanconversion,theshortageofcoalcanbeconvertedtoa
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