山西省阳城县高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习8及答案.docx
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山西省阳城县高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习8及答案.docx
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山西省阳城县高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习8及答案
山西省阳城县2015高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习(8)及答案
【2015高考复习】阅读理解
Inanidealworld,peoplewouldnottestmedicinesonanimals.Suchexperimentsarestressfulandsometimespainfulforanimals,andexpensiveandtimeconsumingforpeople.Yetanimalexperimentationisstillneededtohelpbridgevastgapsinmedicalknowledge.Thatiswhytherearesome50to100millionanimalsusedinresearcharoundtheworldeachyear.
Europe,onthewhole,hastheworld’smostrestrictivelawsonanimalexperiments.Evenso,itsscientistsusesome12millionanimalsayear,mostofthemmiceandrats,formedicalresearch.Officialstatisticsshowthatjust1.1millionanimalsareusedinresearchinAmericaeachyear.Butthatismisleading.TheAmericanauthoritiesdonotthinkmiceandratsareworthcountingand,asthesearethemostcommonlaboratoryanimals,thetruefigureismuchhigher.JapanandChinahaveevenlesscomprehensivedatathanAmerica.
NowEuropeisreformingtherulesgoverninganimalexperimentsbyrestrictingthenumberofanimalsusedinlabs.Alternativestoanimaltesting,suchasusinghumantissueorcomputermodels,arenowstronglyrecommended.Inaddition,sharingallresearchresultsfreelyshouldhelptoreducethenumberofanimalsforscientificuse.Atpresent,scientistsoftenshareonlytheresultsofsuccessfulexperiments.Iftheirfindingsdonotfitthehypothesisbeingtested,theworkneverseesthelightofday.Thispracticemeanswastingtime,money,andanimals’livesinendlesslyrepeatingthefailedexperiments.
Animalexperimentationhastaughthumanityagreatdealandsavedcountlesslives.Itneedstocontinue,evenifthatmeansanimalssometimessuffer.Europe’snewmeasuresshouldeventuallybothreducethenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentsandimprovethewayinwhichscientificresearchisconducted.
【语篇解读】 用动物进行试验被人们的舆论推向了风口浪尖,然而,受诸多因素的影响,终止动物试验的道路依然任重而道远。
尽管欧洲有严格的法律限制,但是仍然需要另找突破口。
1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Thesuccessofanimalexperimentsshouldbeensured.
B.Abanontheuseofanimalsinthelabshouldbeenforced.
C.Greatereffortsneedtobetakentoreducethenumberoflabanimals.
D.Scientistsshouldberequiredtosharetheirresearchresultswitheachother.
解析 主旨大意题。
文章第一段指出用动物进行试验难以杜绝的原因,第二段提到欧洲对动物试验的法律限制的效果并不理想,第三段讲了欧洲为限制动物试验所作的努力,最后一段提到欧洲的新措施应该既要减少用于试验的动物的数量,又要改善科学研究的方法,所以C项最能概括文章大意。
答案 C
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutanimalsusedinthelab?
A.Americausesonlyabout1.1millionlabanimalsperyear.
B.Europedoesnotusemiceandratsaslabanimalsatall.
C.BritaindoesnotuseasmanylabanimalsasChinadoes.
D.Japanhaslimiteddataonthenumberoflabanimalsusedeachyear.
解析 正误判断题。
第二段的最后一句提到日本和中国与美国的数据相比甚至更不全面,由此可推知日本对每年用于实验室动物的数据记录有限。
答案 D
3.Whichofthefollowingismentionadasanalternativetoreplaceanimalexperiments?
A.Statisticalstudies.
B.Computermodels.
C.DNAplantedinanimals.
D.Tissuefromdeadanimals.
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段第二句中的内容可知可用“人体组织”和“电脑模型”来取代动物试验。
答案 B
4.Whatusuallyhappenstounsuccessfulanimalexperiments?
A.Theyarenotrevealedtothepublic.
B.Theyaremadeintoteachingmaterials.
C.Theyarecollectedforfuturepublication.
D.Theyarenotremovedfromtheresearchtopiclist.
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段中的倒数第二、第三句可知,科学家们只分享成功的试验,如果结果与假设不符,所做的工作将永不公开。
由此可推断不成功的试验不会展示给公众。
答案 A
【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】
AnearlyinventionbyAlbertEinsteinhasbeenrebuiltbyscientistsatOxfordUniversity.Theyaretryingtodevelopanenvironmentallyfriendlyrefrigeratorthatrunswithoutelectricity.
Weallknowthatmodernfridgescausedamagetotheenvironment.Theyworkbyusingakindofman-madegreenhousegascalledFreon(氟里昂),whichisfarmoredamagingthancarbondioxide.
NowMalcolmMcCulloch,anelectricalengineeratOxford,isleadingathree-yearprojecttodevelopappliancesthatcanbeusedinplaceswithoutelectricity.
Histeamhascompletedaprototype(样机)ofafridgepatentedin1930byEinstein.Itusedonlypressurizedgasestokeepthingscold.Thedesignwaspartlyusedinthefirstrefrigerators,butthetechnologywasdroppedwhenmoreefficientcompressors(压缩机)becamepopularinthe1950s.ThatmeantaswitchtousingFreon.
Einstein'sideausesbutane(丁烷)andwaterandtakesadvantageofthefactthatliquidsboilatlowertemperatures,whentheairpressurearoundthemislower.
"IfyougotothetopofMountQomolangma,waterboilsatamuchlowertemperaturethanitdoeswhenyou'reatsealevelandthat'sbecausethepressureismuchlowerupthere,"saidMcCulloch.Atonesideistheevaporator(蒸发器),abottlethatcontainsliquidbutane."Ifyouintroduceanewvaporabovethebutane,theliquidboilingtemperaturedecreasesand,asitboilsoff,ittakesenergyfromthesurroundingstodoso,"saysMcCulloch."That'swhatmakesitcold."
ThegasfridgesbasedonEinstein'sdesignwerereplacedbyFreon-compressorfridgespartlybecauseEinstein'sdesignwasnotveryefficient.ButMcCullochthinksthatbychangingthedesignandreplacingthetypesofgasesuseditwillbepossibletoquadruple(翻两番)theefficiency.
However,McCulloch'sfridgeisstillinitsearlystages."It'sverymuchaprototype,"hesaid."Giveusanothermonthandwe'llhaveitworking."
72.Accordingtothepassage,anearlyinventionbyAlbertEinstein_______.
A.hasbeenrediscoveredbecauseitcostsmuchlessandworksmoreefficiently
B.isbeingredesignedbecauseitcouldbeusedinplaceswithoutelectricity
C.hasjustbeenfoundtobeenergy-savingandenvironmentallyfriendly
D.willbefullymadeuseofandbecomethefridgeofthefuture
73.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?
A.Freonwasusedinfridgeslongbeforethe1950s.
B.Freoniswhatmakescurrentfridgesbigpolluters.
C.McCullochthinkshecouldimproveEinstein'sdesignbyusingothertypesofvapors.
D.ThefridgeMalcolmMcCullochandhisteamdesignedwillbeputintoproductionsoon.
74.Wecanlearnfromthetextthattheprototypecompleted_______.
A.changedtheairpressurearoundit
B.wastestedonthetopofMountEverest
C.increasedtheliquidboilingtemperature
D.usedonlypressurizedgasestokeepthingscold
75.McCulloch'swordsinParagraph6_____.
A.serveasanexplanationfortheprinciplebehindEinstein'sfridge
B.giveyouthereasonwhyEinstein'sfridgewasnotefficient
C.tellyouhowtotakeadvantageoflowairpressure
D.showyouhowEinstein'sfridgeworks[来源:
]
72—75、BBDA
(三)[2013·安徽省级示范高中名校联考]
Switzerlandisthebestplacetobebornintheworldin2013,andtheUSisjust16th.AnewstudymadebytheEconomistIntelligenceUnitsaysAmericanbabieswillhaveadimmerfuturethanthoseborninHongKong,IrelandandevenCanada.TheEIU,asistercompanyoftheEconomist,triedtomeasurehowwellcountrieswillprovidethebestopportunitiesforahealthy,safeandprosperouslifeinyearstocome.
PeopleborninSwitzerlandwilltendtobethehappiestandhavethebestqualityoflifejudgedintermsofwealth,healthandtrustinpublicinstitutions,accordingtotheanalysis.TheScandinaviancountriesofNorway,SwedenandDenmarkalsoallmakethetopfiveina‘qualityoflife'index(指数)highlightingwhereitisbesttobebornnextyear.
Oneofthemostimportantfactorsisbeingrich,butotherfactorscomeintoplay—includingcrime,trustinpublicinstitutionsandthehealthoffamilylife.Intotal,theindextakesintoaccount11factors.Theseincludefixedfactorssuchasgeography,othersthatchangeslowlyovertimesuchasdemography(人口统计学),socialandculturalcharacteristics,andthestateoftheworldeconomy.Theindexalsolooksatincomeperheadin2030,whichisroughlywhenchildrenbornin2013willreachadulthood.Smalleconomiestakeupthetop10countries,withAustraliacomingsecondandNewZealandandtheNetherlandsnottoofarbehind.
Halfofthetop10countriesareEuropean,butonlyone,theNetherlands,isfromtheeurozone.ThecrisisriddensouthofEurope,includingGreece,PortugalandSpain,fallsbehinddespitetheadvantageofafavourableclimate.Interestingly,thelargestEuropeaneconomies—Germany,FranceandBritain—donotdoparticularlywell.Nigeriahastheunenviable(不值得羡慕的)titleofbeingtheworstcountryforababytoentertheworldin2013.
11.Accordingtothepassage,thehappiestpeoplelivein________.
A.DenmarkB.Switzerland
C.GermanyD.Nigeria
12.Thefactorsoftellingthebestplacetobeborndon'tinclude________.
A.economy
B.geography
C.trustinpublicinstitutions
D.pollution
13.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?
A.TheEconomistIntelligenceUnitisacompany.
B.TheEconomistattemptedtomeasurethebestplacetolive.
C.TheScandinaviancountriesarehardlyatthetopofthelist.
D.Halfofthetop10countriesarefromtheeurozone.
14.Thepurposeofthetextistoshowpeople________.
A.thebestplacetobebornin2013
B.anewstudymadebytheEIU
C.theworstcountrytobebornin2013
D.thefactorsofmeasuringthebestplacetobeborn
【语篇导读】本文主要通过经济学人智库对国家的幸福指数的研究得出在瑞士出生的人是最幸福的,生活质量也最高,而挪威、瑞典和丹麦这几个斯堪的纳维亚国家也跻身前五名。
11.B 细节理解题。
根据文章第一段“Switzerlandisthebestplacetobebornintheworldin2013…”和第二段“PeopleborninSwitzerlandwilltendtobethehappiestandhavethebestqualityoflife…”可知,一般来说,在瑞士出生的人是最幸福的,其生活质量也最高。
故答案为B项。
12.D 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段中对于判断最佳居住地的因素介绍可知,没有提到“污染”的问题。
故答案为D项。
13.A 推理判断题。
根据文章第一段中“TheEIU,asistercompanyoftheEconomist…”可知经济学人智库是一家公司。
故A项正确。
14.B 主旨大意题。
本文的目的是展示经济学人智库的研究结果,而其他三个选项只是其中的一个部分,不能作为文章的目的。
故答案为B项。
阅读理解---------E
Whenwetalkaboutstars,especiallywomenstars,itseemsthattheyarealwaysyoung,prettyandowncharmingbodyshapes.ButrecentlyaBritain'sGotTalent(英国达人)starSusanBoylehaschangedourviewsabsolutely
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