第十二讲爱情短诗与哲理诗.docx
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第十二讲爱情短诗与哲理诗.docx
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第十二讲爱情短诗与哲理诗
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第十二讲爱情短诗
爱情诗(lovepoem)是用来表达男女之情的诗歌。
爱情是人类永恒的主题,爱情诗历来受欢迎,古往今来的诗人们留下了很多脍炙人口的诗篇。
首先如本•琼森的《致西丽亚》:
Drinktome,only,withthineeyes,
AndIwillpledgewithmine;
Orleaveakissbutinthecup,
AndI’llnotlookforwine.
Thethirst,thatfromthesouldothrise,
Dothaskadrinkdivine:
ButmightIofJove’sNectarsup,
Iwouldnotchangeforthine.
Isentthee,late,arosywreath,
Notsomuchhonoringthee,
Asgivingitahope,thatthere
Itcouldnotwitheredbe.
Butthouthereondidstonlybreathe,
Andsent’stitbacktome:
Sincewhenitgrows,andsmells,Iswear,
Notofitself,butthee.
(BenJonson:
ToCelia)
这首诗写得很典雅,写出了姑娘在诗人眼里的神圣高贵。
最后一行表现机智,颇有玄学诗的味道。
约翰•多恩的《赠别:
莫伤悲》既把离别比喻成黄金被打成透明薄叶的延展,又拿圆规的双脚来比一对夫妻,表示虽离别也仍彼此相连,丈夫动妻子也跟着动,因此不必因离别而悲:
Butwebyalovesomuchrefined
Thatourselvesknownotwhatitis,
Inter-assurèdofthemind,
Careless,eyes,lipsandhandstomiss.
Ourtwosoulstherefore,whichareone,
ThoughImustgo,endurenotyet
Abreach,butanexpansion,
Likegoldtoairythinnessbeat.
Iftheybetwo,theyaretwoso
Asstifftwincompassesaretwo;
Thysoul,thefix'dfoot,makesnoshow
Tomove,butdoth,ifth'otherdo.
Andthoughitinthecentersit,
Yet,whentheotherfardothroam,
Itleans,andhearkensafterit,
Andgrowserect,asthatcomeshome.
Suchwiltthoubetome,whomust,
Liketh'otherfoot,obliquelyrun;
Thyfirmnessmakesmycirclejust,
AndmakesmeendwhereIbegun.
(JohnDonne:
AValidiction:
ForbiddingMourning)
苏格兰诗人彭斯的《我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰》是经典爱情诗,他的其他爱情诗也一样不同凡响,如《为我打开门,哦》:
O,openthedoorsomepitytoshew,
Ifloveitmaynabe,O:
Tho’thouhastbeenfalse,I’lleverprovetrue,
O,openthedoortome,O.
Cauldistheblastuponmypalecheek,
Butcaulderthyloveforme,O:
Thefrost,thatfreezesthelifeatmyheart,
Isnoughttomypainsfraethee,O.
Thewanmoonsetsbehindthewhitewave,
AndTimeissettingwithme,O:
Falsefriends,falselove,farewell!
Formair
I’llne’ertroublethemorthee,O.
Shehasopen’dthedoor,shehasopen’ditwide,
Sheseesthepalecorseontheplain,O:
“Mytruelove!
”shecried,andsankdownbyhisside—
Nevertoriseagain,O.
(RobertBurns:
OpentheDoortoMe,O)
这是一首关于爱情悲剧的诗。
男孩和女孩应该是真心相爱,但由于一些误解,他们之间产生了隔阂。
男孩伤心欲绝地来到姑娘的家门口,希望得到恋人的同情,然后告别,等姑娘敞开大门时,却发现男孩已经气绝,姑娘伤心地跟随自己的真爱而去。
拜伦的《当初我俩告别》写的是昔日恋人再次相见时的感受:
Whenwetwoparted
Insilenceandtears,
Halfbroken-hearted
Toseverforyears,
Palegrewthycheekandcold,
Colderthykiss;
Trulythathourforetold
Sorrowtothis.
Thedewofthemorning
Sunkchillonmybrow—
Itfeltlikethewarning
OfwhatIfeelnow.
Thyvowsareallbroken,
Andlightisthyfame;
Ihearthynamespoken,
Andshareinitsshame.
Theynametheebeforeme,
Aknelltomineear;
Ashuddercomeso’erme—
Whywertthousodear?
TheyknewnotIknewthee,
Whoknewtheetoowell—
Long,longshallIruethee,
Toodeeplytotell.
Insecretwemet—
InsilenceIgrieve,
Thatthyheartcouldforget,
Thyspiritdeceive.
IfIshouldmeetthee
Afterlongyears,
HowshouldIgreetthee?
—
Withsilenceandtears.
(GeorgeByron:
WhenWeTwoParted)
两人曾经悄悄相爱,分手时恋恋不舍,依依惜别,但当时的感受已经预示,他们的感情在将来不复存在。
不是因为“我”不爱对方,而是对方早变得冷漠,在后来还变得轻浮,没有好名声,熟人们都在背后对此人议论纷纷。
对方把过去的一切甜言蜜语和山盟海誓都忘了,两人数年后的相见和今后可能的相见,都只能用沉默和眼泪向对方打招呼了。
诗歌的情感表达得真切感人,读后如同亲身经历一般,让人感叹唏嘘。
雪莱的《致——》是一首别开生面的情诗:
Onewordistoooftenprofaned
Formetoprofaneit,
Onefeelingtoofalselydisdained
Fortheetodisdainit;
Onehopeistoolikedespair
Forprudencetosmother,
Andpityfromtheemoredear
Thanthatfromanother.
Icangivenotwhatmencalllove,
Butwiltthouacceptnot
Theworshiptheheartliftsabove
AndtheHeavensrejectnot,—
Thedesireofthemothforthestar,
Ofthenightforthemorrow,
Thedevotiontosomethingafar
Fromthesphereofoursorrow?
(Shelley:
To—)
明明是求爱,诗歌一开始却不说,到了第二节才出现“爱”,但立即又换成“崇敬”,紧接着是两个比喻,即飞蛾扑火和黑夜追求黎明,这就把爱同理想联系起来了,扩大了意境,使得爱情更加高尚。
这首诗表达了一种非常高雅脱俗的对对方爱情的渴求。
罗伯特•勃朗宁的《夜会》,抒写了一对热恋的情人的激情幽会:
Thegreyseaandthelongblackland;
Andtheyellowhalf-moonlargeandlow;
Andthestartledlittlewavesthatleap
Infieryringletsfromtheirsleep,
AsIgainthecovewithpushingprow,
Andquenchitsspeedi’theslushysand.
Thenamileofwarmsea-scentedbeach;
Threefieldstocrosstillafarmappears;
Atapatthepane,thequicksharpscratch
Andbluespurtofalightedmatch,
Andavoicelessloud,thro’itsjoysandfears,
Thanthetwoheartsbeatingeachtoeach!
(RobertBrowning:
MeetingatNight)
此诗写的是“我”在夜里去会情人。
“我”先划船沿海前进,过小峡,到海滩,然后上岸步行,过沙滩、田地,到达情人的农舍,“我”在外面敲窗,屋里的情人听到暗号,马上擦火柴,两颗心在欢喜和惊恐中博跳。
这一切都描写得很细腻,却到此为止,不落俗套。
此诗押韵格式为abccba,属吻韵。
叶芝苦恋爱尔兰著名美人莫德•冈(MaudGonne),多次向她求婚,都遭拒绝。
为了表达自己的情感,叶芝写了一本书《苇间风》(TheWindsAmongtheReeds)献给她,,《当你老时》就是其中著名的一首:
Whenyouareoldandgreyandfullofsleep,
Andnoddingbythefire,takedownthisbook,
Andslowlyread,anddreamofthesoftlook
Youreyeshadonce,andoftheirshadowsdeep;
Howmanylovedyourmomentsofgladgrace,
Andlovedyourbeautywithlovefalseortrue,
Butonemanlovedthepilgrimsoulinyou,
Andlovedthesorrowsofyourchangingface;
Andbendingdownbesidetheglowingbars,
Murmur,alittlesadly,howlovefled
Andplaceduponthemountainsoverhead
Andhidhisfaceamidacrowdofstar.
(W.B.Yeats:
WhenYouAreOld)
叶芝与莫德•冈终未结合,是因为两人政见不一。
叶芝是温和派,而莫德•冈是激进派,主张积极开展反英武装斗争,而且认为民族解放事业比个人幸福更重要。
诗歌所称“朝圣者的心”(thepilgrimsoul)就是指莫德•冈那一心向往爱尔兰的独立自由、勇往直前的气概。
美国女诗人安•布拉兹特里特的《致我深情的亲爱丈夫》表达了一个妻子对丈夫的无限深情和他们夫妻的相亲相爱:
Ifevertwowereone,thensurelywe.
Ifevermanwerelovedbywife,thenthee;
Ifeverwifewashappyinaman,
Comparewithme,yewomen,ifyoucan.
Iprizethylovemorethanwholeminesofgold
OralltherichesthattheEarthdothhold.
Myloveissuchthatriverscannotquench,
Noroughtbutlovefromthee,giverecompense.
ThyloveissuchIcannowayrepay,
Theheavensrewardtheemanifold,Ipray.
Thenwhilewelive,inlovelet’ssopersevere
Thatwhenwelivenomore,wemayliveever.
(AnneBradstreet:
ToMyDearandLovingHusband)
爱情并非永远是甜蜜的,爱常有终结的时候,哈丽叶特•门罗的《抛弃》就表达了爱的终结。
其前半部分如下:
Olove,mylove,it'soverthen—
Yourheartfliesfree;
Andit'snownomoreustwoagain,
Thedooronyouandme.
Andit'snownomorethesupperspread,
Thestovesinginglow.
Oh,worldsawayyourfeetareled,
Whereboldwindsblow.
Oh,seasbetweenandworldsaway
Ourpathsrunnow.
Go,formoredeadthancoffinedclay
Islove'sdeadvow.
Go,mayyourbreadbesweet,yourrest
Assoftanddeepbe
Aswhenyousleptuponmybreast
Andgavetheworldforme.
Go,formyheartcriesoutwithpain,
Withjoycriesout.
Go!
you'veunwoundthegoldenchain—
Love'shope,love'sdoubt.
(HarrietMonroe:
Deserted)
埃莉娜•怀丽的《轻微的低语》表达的是同床夫妻的咫尺天涯之感:
Ineednotdietogo
Sofaryoucannotknow
Myescape,myretreat,
Andtheprintsofmyfeet
Writteninbloodordew;
Theyshallbehidfromyou,
Infern-seedlost
Orthesoftflakesoffrost.
Theywillturnsomewhere
Underwater,overair,
Toearthspaceorstellar,
Orthegarretorcellar
Ofthehousenextdoor;
Youshallseemenomore
ThougheachnightIhide
Inyourbed,atyourside.
(ElinorWylie:
TrivialBreath)
乔治•梅里狄斯的《现代之爱》组诗,把婚姻的破裂经过写得非常坦白,如其中第十七首前八行:
Atdinner,sheishostess,Iamhost.
Wentthefeastevercheerfuller?
Shekeeps
TheTopicoverintellectualdeeps
Inbuoyancyafloat.Theyseenoghost.
Withsparklingsurface-eyesweplytheball
Itisintruthamostcontagiousgame:
HIDINGTHESKELETON,shallbeitsname.
Suchplayasthisthedevilsmightappall!
(GeorgeMeredith:
ModernLove,17)
这是在客人面前假装门面。
所谓“鬼魂”(ghost)就是两人婚姻已经破裂,现在他们却在演一场表面欢笑的戏来“盖住尸骨”(HIDINGTHESKELETON),且用大写形式,做丈夫的心情之痛苦可想而知。
厄纳斯特•道生的《辛娜拉》写的是虽另有所欢,但忘不了昔日所爱的辛娜拉:
Lastnight,ah,yesternight,betwixtherlipsandmine
Therefellthyshadow,Cynara!
thybreathwasshed
Uponmysoulbetweenthekissesandthewine;
AndIwasdesolateandsickofanoldpassion,
Yea,Iwasdesolateandbowedmyhead:
Ihavebeenfaithfultothee,Cynara!
inmyfashion.
AllnightuponmineheartIfeltherwarmheartbeat,
Night-longwithinminearmsinloveandsleepshelay;
Surelythekissesofherboughtredmouthweresweet,
ButIwasdesolateandsickofanoldpassion,
WhenIawokeandfoundthedawnwasgrey:
Ihavebeenfaithfultothee,Cynara!
inmyfashion.
(ErnestDowson:
Cynara)
诗人抒发的这种在新欢里也忘不了昔日旧情的感受,没有亲身经历,恐怕难以写出,相信有相似经历的读者,必定会引起共鸣。
艾略特的《普罗弗洛克的情歌》是一个出入于贵妇客厅的中年知识分子的独白,道出了他的迷惘、迟疑和爱欲。
他想求婚,但又缺乏勇气。
其中一部分如下:
Andindeedtherewillbetime
Towonder,‘DoIdare?
’and,‘DoIdare?
’
Timetoturnbackanddescendthestair,
Withabaldspotinthemiddleofmyhair—
(Theywillsay:
‘Howhishairisgrowingthin!
’)
Mymorningcoat,mycollarmountingfirmlytothechin,
Mynecktierichandmodest,butassertedbyasimplepin—
(Theywillsay:
‘Buthowhisarmsandlegsarethin!
’)
DoIdare
Disturbtheuniverse?
Inaminutethereistime
Fordecisionsandrevisionswhichaminutewillreverse.
(T.S.Eliot:
TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock,Lines37~48)
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