人教版高中英语选修9阶段综合测评2.docx
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人教版高中英语选修9阶段综合测评2.docx
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人教版高中英语选修9阶段综合测评2
阶段综合测评
(二)
(时间:
100分钟;满分:
120分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
A
RobertBallardwasbornin1942.Fromanearlyage,helovedthesea.BallardgrewupinSouthernCalifornia.Hespenthisfreetimeatthebeachnearhishome.Heenjoyedfishingandswimming.Heevenlearnedtodive.
WhenBallardwasn'tattheocean,helovedreadingaboutit.Atage10,hereadTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSea,abookwhichdescribestheunderseaadventuresofCaptainNemo.BallarddecidedhewantedtobelikeCaptainNemowhenhegrewup.Hisparentshelpedhimfollowhisdream.
Ballardwasahardworkingstudent.Hespentmanyyearslearningallhecouldabouttheocean.Bytheageof28,hewasanexpert.In1970,hetookajobasascientistatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstituteinMassachusetts.TherehestudiedunderwatermountainsoftheAtlanticOcean.Hecameupwithwaystopredictvolcanoesundertheoceans.Workingwithotherscientists,Ballardalsofoundpreviouslyunknownseaanimals.Theseanimalslivedfarbelowtheocean'ssurface,wherescientistshadbelievednoanimalscouldlive.
Bythe1980s,Ballard'sinterestschanged.Hedevelopedunmannedvehiclestoexploretheoceanbottom.Hisfirstfind,thewellknownshipTitanic,madeBallardfamous.Hewasnothappywithjustonebigfind,however.Helookedforandfoundotherwellknownships.OnewastheGermanbattleshipBismarck.AnotherwastheUSS.Yorktown,anaircraftcarrier(航空母舰)thatsankduringWorldWarⅡ.
TodayRobertBallardisstillanunderwaterexplorer.Healsoheadsanorganizationthatencouragesstudentstolearnaboutscience.Ballardhopesthatsomeofthestudentswillfollowinhisfootsteps.Afterall,theworld'shugeoceansaremostlyunknown.Whoknowswhatremainstobediscoveredunderthesea?
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要叙述了RobertBallard成为水下探险家的经过。
1.WhatwasBallard'sdreamwhenhewasyoung?
A.Tobeascienceteacher.
B.Tobeafamouswriter.
C.Tobeananimalexpert.
D.Tobeanunderwaterexplorer.
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据第二段第三句“BallarddecidedhewantedtobelikeCaptainNemowhenhegrewup.”并结合第二段第二句可知,他的梦想是成为水下探险家。
【答案】 D
2.WhenBallardworkedatWoodsHoleOceanographic
Institute,he.
A.exploredtheunderseaworldbyship
B.thoughtofideastopredictunderwatervolcanoes
C.foundsomeunknownseaanimalsalone
D.setupanorganizationtoteachstudentsscience
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据第三段第六句“Hecameupwithwaystopredictvolcanoesundertheoceans.”可知,他想出了预测水下火山爆发的方法。
【答案】 B
3.WhichisthecorrectorderoftheeventsmentionedinthetextaboutBallard?
a.HefoundtheGermanbattleshipBismarck.
b.HereadabookaboutCaptainNemo.
c.HefoundthefamousshipTitanic.
d.Hebecameanexpertinscience.
A.b-c-d-a B.d-b-c-a
C.b-d-c-aD.d-c-a-b
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据第二段内容可知,他10岁时读了有关Nemo船长的书,根据第三段内容可知,他1970年时成为一名科学家;根据第四段内容可知,到20世纪80年代,他发现了泰坦尼克号,之后发现了德国俾斯麦号战舰。
【答案】 C
4.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.BallardwasgreatlyinfluencedbyTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSea.
B.Ballarddidn'tlikefishingandswimminginhischildhood.
C.Ballard'sparentsfeltdisappointedathisunderseaadventures.
D.Humanbeingshaveexploredmorethanhalfofthesea.
【解析】 推理判断题。
根据第二段内容可知,RobertBallard读了《海底两万里》这本书使他明确了他的理想,并为之努力,最终获得了成功。
因此这本书影响了他的一生。
【答案】 A
B
Coralreefs(珊瑚礁)arenotjustbeautifultolookat,butalsoveryuseful.Theyshelternearly25%ofoceanlifeandprovidefoodforbillionsofpeople.However,likemanyotherspecies,thisamazingecosystem(生态系统)isindangerofdyingout!
Therearetwomainreasonsforthedestruction—therisingcarbondioxidelevelscausedbyglobalwarmingaswellashumaninfluenceslikebottomoperation.Whilenotmuchcanbedoneabouttheformer,thelosscausedbythelattercanbereduced.
Bottomoperationinvolvesdroppingnetstotheoceanbedandthendraggingthemupwhenfilledwithfish.Thisactiondamagedtheoceanfloor,causingthecoralbranchestoseparatefromthereefs.Whilethatisverydiscouraging,thegoodnewsisthatifthesebranchesarefoundquickly,theycanbesaved.Atpresent,thatworkisbeingperformedbyvolunteerdivers.Butthemethodhasonlylimitedsuccessbecausetheycannotstaylongunderwater,norreachdepthsofover200meterswheresomeofthedeepseacoralgrows.
However,thisisnotthecaseforCoralbots-therobotsthatcanconstantlyseekoutbrokenbranches.Ateamof‘coralbots’,eachindividuallyworkingtosimpleruleswillpiecetogetherdamagedbitsofcoral,allowingthemtoregrow.Theyareprogrammedtobeabletodistinguishbetweenotherthingsandthecoral.Therobotsworktogetheringroups,similartobees.Ifonecoralbotisdamagedthentheotherswillstillbeabletocompletethetask.
DrLeaAnneHenrysaid,“Theprojectofusingcoralbotsoffersusthepossibilitytorestore(修复)thefunctionofreefs.Itisinthefinalstageoftesting.Onceready,theresearchershopetobuildhundredsofthemandusethemeffectivelyinthewatersoffScotlandandthenhopefullyintheoceansacrosstheworld.”
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。
美丽的珊瑚礁不仅在维系海洋生态平衡方面起着十分重要的作用,它与我们的日常生活也息息相关。
对于面临灭绝的珊瑚礁我们能做点什么呢?
5.Whichofthefollowingisacauseofthedangerthatcoralreefsarefacing?
A.Theappearanceofnewcreatures.
B.Theseriouslypollutedseawater.
C.Theactivitiesofvolunteerdivers.
D.Humanactivitieslikebottomoperation.
【解析】 事实细节题。
根据第二段首句中的“...aswellashumaninfluenceslikebottomoperation.”可知答案为D。
【答案】 D
6.Comparedwithvolunteerdivers,coralbots.
A.canstaylongerunderwater
B.mustworkasbeesdo
C.candistinguishwhatiscoral
D.canneverbedamaged
【解析】 推理判断题。
由第三段可知,目前修复受损珊瑚礁的工作由潜水志愿者完成。
但他们因为不能长时间待在水下而使工作效果大打折扣。
再结合第四段首句可知机器人在水下停留的时间会长些。
故答案为A。
【答案】 A
7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphreferto?
A.Coralbots.B.Brokenbranches.
C.Workingbees.D.Bitsofcoral.
【解析】 词义猜测题。
由上文可知,修复受损珊瑚礁的机器人目前还处于调试阶段。
结合语境可以推断,一旦调试完毕,研究者们希望批量生产这种机器人。
因此答案为A。
【答案】 A
8.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.
A.bottomoperationhasaffectedmostunderwatercreatures
B.brokenbranchesofcoralcanregrowifsavedintime
C.hundredsofthecoralbotshaveworkedwellintheoceans
D.withthecoralbotsalldamagedcoralreefscanberestored
【解析】 推理判断题。
根据第三段首句可知A项没有依据;由最后一段可知这种机器人尚未正式投入使用,故排除C项;由于D项中的all一词过于绝对,此项也不可选。
而根据倒数第二段中的“...constantlyseekoutbrokenbranches”和“...piecetogetherdamagedbitsofcoral,allowingthemtogrow.”可知答案为B。
【答案】 B
C
LifeintheClear
Transparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.Theseanimalstypicallylivebetweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3,300feet—asfarasmostlightcanreach.Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch.SonkeJohnsen,ascientistinbiology,says,“Theseanimalslivethroughtheirlifealone.Theynevertouchanythingunlessthey'reeatingit,orunlesssomethingiseatingthem.”
Andtheyareasclearasglass.Howdoesananimalbecomeseethrough?
It'strickierthanyoumightthink.
Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwithlight.Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowandscatter(散射)light,bouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.Othersabsorblight,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringandabsorptionmakeanobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,soyoucanseeiteasily.
Butatransparentobjectdoesn'tabsorborscatterlight,atleastnotverymuch.Lightcanpassthroughitwithoutbendingorstopping.Thatmeansatransparentobjectdoesn'tlookverydifferentfromthesurroundingairorwater.Youdon'tseeit—youseethethingsbehindit.
Tobecometransparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfromabsorbingorscatteringlight.Livingmaterialscanstoplightbecausetheycontainpigments(色素)thatabsorbspecificcolorsoflight.Butatransparentanimaldoesn'thavepigments,soitstissueswon'tabsorblight.AccordingtoJohnsen,avoidingabsorptionisactuallyeasy.Therealchallengeispreventinglightfromscattering.
Animalsarebuiltofmanydifferentmaterials—skin,fat,andmore—andlightmovesthrougheachatadifferentspeed.Everytimelightmovesintoamaterialwithanewspeed,itbendsandscatters.Transparentanimalsusedifferenttrickstofightscattering.Someanimalsaresimplyverysmallorextremelyflat.Withoutmuchtissuetoscatterlight,itiseasiertobeseethrough.Othersbuildalarge,clearmassofnonlivingjellylike(果冻状的)materialandspreadthemselvesoverit.
Largertransparentanimalshavethebiggestchallenge,becausetheyhavetomakeallthedifferenttissuesintheirbodiesslowdownlightexactlyasmuchaswaterdoes.Theyneedtolookuniform.Buthowthey'redoingitisstillunknown.Onethingisclear:
fortheselargeranimals,stayingtransparentisanactiveprocess.Whentheydie,theyturnanontransparentmilkywhite.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章解释了生活在海洋中的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。
9.AccordingtoParagraph1,transparentanimals.
A.stayingroups
B.canbeeasilydamaged
C.appearonlyindeepocean
D.arebeautifulcreatures
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch.可知,大部分的透明生物是非常脆弱的,仅碰一碰就会受到损害,故B项“很容易受到损害”正确。
A项“集体待在一起”和D项“是美丽的生物”在第一段中没有提到;根据第一段中的betweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3,300feet可知,它们生活在海面与海面以下大约3300英尺之间的海水中,故C项“只出现在深海中”错误。
【答案】 B
10.Theunderlinedword“dead”inParagraph3means.
A.silentlyB.gradually
C.regularlyD.completely
【解析】 词义猜测题。
由第三段可知,我们能看到物体一类是因为它们减慢了光速和对光进行了散射,使其改变了原来的路线,而另外一类是因为它们对光线的吸收。
既然吸收了,那么在光的传播过程中就被完全阻止了,因此这里dead意为“完全地”,故选D。
【答案】 D
11.Onewayforananimaltobecometransparentisto.
A.changethedirectionoflighttravel
B.gathermaterialstoscatterlight
C.avoidtheabsorptionoflight
D.growbiggertostoplight
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据第五段中的Tobecometransparent,ananimalneedsto
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