上海市晋元中学届高三月考英语试题含答案.docx
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上海市晋元中学届高三月考英语试题含答案.docx
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上海市晋元中学届高三月考英语试题含答案
上海市晋元中学2021届高三9月月考
英语试题
II。
GrammarandVocabulary
SectionA
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect。
Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank。
ExploringBeyond
Followingthecallofourrestlessgeneshasnotendedwellforallexplorers。
TheBritishexplorerCaptainJamesCookdiedinafightwithHawaiianstenyearsafterhereceivedthepreciousmapfromTupaia。
Hisdeath,somesay,broughttoaclose(21)________WesternhistorianscalltheAgeofExploration。
Yetithardly(22)________(end)ourexploring。
WehaveremainedenthusiasticaboutfillingintheEarth’smaps;reachingitsfarthestpoles,highestpeaks,anddeepesttrenches(海沟);sailingtoitseverycornerandthenflyingofftheplanetentirely。
WiththeNASARoverCuriositynow(23)________(stir)usallasitexploresMars,somecountriesandprivatecompaniesarepreparingtosendhumanstotheredplanetaswell。
Somevisionarieseventalkofhavingaspacecraft(24)________(send)totheneareststar。
NASA’sMichaelBarratt—adoctor,diver,andjetpilot;asailorfor40years;anastronautfor12—isamongthose(25)________achetogotoMars。
BarrattconsciouslyseeshimselfasanexplorerCookandTupaia."We’redoingwhat(26)________did,”hesays。
”Itworksthiswayateverypointinhumanhistory。
Asocietydevelopsanenablingtechnology,(27)________it’stheabilitytopreserveandcarryfoodorbuildashiporlauncharocket.”
Notallofus(28)________ridearocketorsailtheinfinitesea,Yet,(29)________aspecies,we’recuriousenoughandinterestedenoughbytheprospecttohelppayforthetripandcheeratthevoyagers’return.Yes,wehopetofindabetterplacetoliveoracquirealargerterritoryormakeafortune.Butwealsoexploresimply(30)________(discover)what'sthere.
SectionB
Directions:
Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce。
Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed。
A.appearsB.changingC。
dependentD.dimE.discovery
F。
exclusivelyG。
reflectH.reviewI。
sexuallyJ.underlyingK。
vigorously
UndercoverWings
Thenocturnal(夜间活动的)dot—underwindmoth(蛾)mayuseshape—shiftingpatternsonitswindsasawaytoattractmatesinthedark。
InastudypublishedlastSeptemberinCurrentBiology,scientistsreportthe__31__onmales’fore-wingsofthreepatches(色斑)thatchangedarknessandsizewhenviewedfromparticularangles。
Infemales,theentirefore—wingdarkens。
Althoughbutterflyandmothspeciesthatareactiveduringthedayareknowntoemployvisualeffectstocommunicate,researchershadthoughttheirnocturnalcousinsreliedalmost__32__onchemicalsignalsbecauseofthelackoflight。
Butthese__33__wingpatterns,nowfoundforthefirsttimeinanocturnalmoth,suggesttheinsectsmayalsousevisualsignals.Becauseonlythemaleshavethispattern,researcherssayitislikelya(n)__34__selectedmechanism。
JenniferKelley,anecologistbasedattheUniversityofWesternAustralia,andhercolleaguesfirstnoticedthevisualphenomenonwhilelookingatmuseummothspecimens(标本)foranotherproject."Assoonaswefiguredtheeffectwasangel-__35__,weknewthatnounderstandhowitworks,wehadtounderstandthe__36__physics,"Kelleysays。
ThegroupcontactedGerdSchroder—TurkandBodoWilts,whoarephysicistsatMurdochUniversityinPerthandtheAdolpheMerkleInstituteinSwitzerlandrespectively。
Togethertheresearchersfoundthatwhenthewingsareviewedfromabove,they__37__availablelightdirectly,likeadullmirror。
Whenviewedfromanangle,however,theyletsomeofthelightthroughtorevealadeeperlayerofdarkness,which__38__aspatchesonthemale’swings.Iftheinsectsweretobeattheirwings__39__-acommonbehavioramongmalesapproachingpotentialmates-thepatcheswouldflashonandoff,creatingastrikingsignaleveninvery__40__light.
III.ReadingComprehensions
SectionA
Directions:
Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext。
Whenyouarestuckonaproblem,sometimesitisbesttostopthinkingaboutit—consciously,anyway.Researchhasshownthattakingabreakoranapcanhelpthebraincreate__41__toasolution。
Nowamewstudy__42__ontheeffectofthisso-calledincubation(潜伏期)byusingsoundcuestofocusthesleepingmindonatargetedproblem.
Whenhumanssleep,partsofthebrainreplaycertainmemories,strengtheningandtransformingthem.Aboutadecadeagoresearchersdevelopedatechnique,calledtargetedmemoryreactivation(TMR),aimedatfurtherenhancing__43__memories:
whenasoundbecomesassociatedwithamemoryandislaterplayedduringsleep,thatmemorygets__44__.InastudypublishedlastNovemberinPsychologicalScience,scientiststestedwhether__45__thememoryofapuzzleduringsleepmightalsoimproveproblem—solving.
About60participantsvisitedthelaboratorybeforeandafteranightof__46__。
First,they__47__spatial,verbalandconceptualpuzzles,withadistinctmusiccliprepeatinginthebackgroundforeach,untiltheyhadworkedonsixpuzzlestheycouldnotsolve。
Overnighttheyworeelectrodes(电极)todetectslow—wavesleep,whichmaybeimportantformemoryenhancement-andadeviceplayedthesounds__48__tothreeofthesixunsolvedpuzzles.Thenextday,backatthelab,theparticipantsattemptedthesixpuzzlesagain.(Eachrepeatedtheexperimentwithadifferentsetofpuzzlesthefollowingnight。
)Alltold,thesubjectssolved32percentofthesound-stimulatedpuzzlescomparedwith21percentofthe__49__puzzles.
Theresearchers"verybravelywentforquitecomplextasksthatinvolvedalotofcomplexprocessing,andremarkablytheyfoundthesereallystrongeffectsinalloftheir__50__",saysPennyLewis,apsychologistatCardiffUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch。
"Thesearesuper—coolresults.Nowweneedtogooutandtrytounderstandthembyfirstlyreplicating(复制)themandsecondlytryingto__51__thecomponentprocessesthatareactuallybeinginfluenced。
"
Beyondprovidingnewevidencethathumansrestructurememorieswhilesleeping,theresearchmayhave__52__implications.”Inafuturisticworld,maybeTMRcouldhelpususesleeptoworkonourproblems,”saysleadauthorKristinSanders,whowasagraduatestudentatNorthwesternUniversityduringthestudy。
Sleep-monitoringtechnologyisincreasinglyaccessible-andevenwithoutdevices,prospectivesolvescanfocusonimportantproblemsbefore__53__。
Still,sleepisnot__54__;peopleneedtodotheirhomeworkandloadtheirheadswiththepuzzlepiecesinvolved.”I’mnotgoingtosolvecancerwiththistechnique,"Sanderssays,”becauseIamtotally__55__cancerresearch.”
41.A.applicationsB.commitmentC。
attentionD.pathways
42.A.countsB。
expandsC.insistsD.passes
43。
A。
treasuredB.selectedC。
devotedD.shortened
44。
A.dimmedB。
storedC。
reactivatedD.researched
45。
A。
neglectingB。
examiningC.erasingD.revisiting
46。
A.sleepB。
experimentC。
trainingD.relaxation
47.A.createdB。
solvedC.attemptedD.classified
48.A.assignedB。
transformedC.explainedD。
introduced
49。
A.unsettledB.untargetedC.unstatedD.untested
50.A。
puzzlesB.brainsC.processesD.tasks
51。
A.workoutB。
turntoC。
takeonD。
bringabout
52。
A。
individualB.conceptualC.practicalD。
collective
53。
A.dinnerB。
dawnC。
bedD.schooling
54。
A.significantB。
magicC.fixedD。
possible
55.A。
dependentonB.curiousaboutC。
interestedinD.ignorantof
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingtwopassage。
Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD。
Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread。
(A)
IconfessIhesitatedwhentheeditorinchiefofTheNewYorkTimesMagazinetoldmeinlate2014thatIwouldbeeditinganewfront—of—bookcolumncalledLetterofRecommendation,aboutstuffpeoplereallylike.Thecolumnwasthebrainchildofourstaffwriter,SamAnderson,heexplained。
Samfiguredthattherewasnoshortageofplacestofindoutwhatwritershatebutfewspacesforwriterstotalkaboutwhattheylove.Wewouldpushagainstthistrend,900wordsaweek,40—sometingtimesperyear.
Thereasonformyhesitationwasasimple,unfortunatefactaboutwriting.Writingaboutthingsyouhateiseasy:
notjustfun,butgenerative。
Thecriticismtendstoentertain,evenifyoudisagree,buttheodedoesn't。
Thewriterlytoneiswell-suitedtoourage,butit'shardnottoseeitasacollectivedefensemechanism—asifrevealingyourtruefeelingsexposesyourunmentionablesecretstothepublic.Obsessions(喜欢),meanwhile,areinseparablefromourpeculiaritiesaspeople—wecometolovethingsforoftenweirdreasons。
Whenthecolumnreallyworks,it'sasrevealingabouttheauthorasitisitssubject.Onewriter,amaninhislate30s,forexample,recommendedPedialyte,whichhedrinkstobalancetheeffectsofbothdrinkingandexercise,andtocheathiswaybacktoyouth.
IprobablyseesomewherebetweenthreeandfiveLetterofRecommendationpitchesaday。
It’sagreatspotfortryingoutnewwritersinthemagazine,soItrymybesttokeepupwithalltheemail,butIoftenfail。
(Ifeelgenuinelyterribleaboutthiseverydayofmylife。
)Determiningwhichtoassigninvolvesseeinghowitmeetsthevariouscriteriawe’ve
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