2023年考研英语一真题及答案.pdf
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2023年考研英语一真题及答案.pdf
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2023年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试英语
(一)试题年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试英语
(一)试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET(10points).CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareasincludingChina,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically_1_outsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbygovernmentsor_2_.Thisword“Caravanserais”isa_3_ofthePersianword“karvan”,whichmeansagroupoftravellersoracaravan,and“seray”,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.Thetermcaravanwasusedto_4_groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,_5_merchants,travellersorpilgrims.Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemoredeveloped,the_6_oftheCaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafeplaceforpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoad_7_possibilityofbeingattackedbythievesorbeing_8_toextremeweatherconditions.Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced_9_theycouldbereachedinadaystraveltime.Caravanseraisservedasaninformal_10_pointforthevariouspeoplewhotravelledtheSilkRoad._11_,thosestructuresbecameimportantcentersforculture_12_andinteraction,withtravelerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,_13_talkingknowledgewiththem,greatly_14_thedevelopmentofseveralcivilizations.Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommoditiesand_15_inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad._16_,itwasfrequentlythefirststopmerchantslookingtoselltheirwaresand_17_suppliesfortheirownjourneys.Itis_18_thataround12000to15000caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,_19_onlyabout3000areknowntoremaintoday,manyofwhicharein_20_.1.AdisplayedBoccupiedClocatedDequipped2.AprivatelyBregularlyCrespectivelyDpermanently3.AdefinitionBtransitionCsubstitutionDcombination4.AclassifyBrecordCdescribeDconnect5.AapartfromBinsteadofCsuchasDalongwith6.AconstructionBrestorationCimpressionDevaluation7.AdoubtedBfacedCacceptedDreduced8.AassignedBsubjectedCaccustomedDopposed9.AsothatBevenifCnowthatDincase10.AtalkingBstartingCbreakingDmeeting11.AbythewayBonoccasionCincomparisonDasaresult12.AheritageBrevivalCexchangeDstatus13.AwithregardtoBinspiteofCaswellasDinlinewith14.AcompletingBinfluencingCresumingDpioneering15.AaidedBinvestedCfailedDcompeted16.ARatherBIndeedCOtherwiseDHowever17.AgoinforBstandardupforCloseinonDstockupon18.AbelievedBpredictedCrecalledDimplied19.AuntilBbecauseCunlessDalthough20.AruinsBdebtCfashionDseriesSectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Text1TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,butthetemperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustinthismonthasofficialdebatehowclimatechangeistaughtinTexasschools.PatHardy,whosympathizeswiththeviewsoftheenergyscetor,isresistingproposedchangestosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.Thesewouldemphasizetheprimacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionofmigitationmeasures.MostscientistsandexpertssharplydisputeHardysviews.“Theycasuallydismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedopinion.”saysDanQuinn,sniorcommunicationstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-proftgoupthatmonitorspubliceducation.“WhatmillionsofTexaskidsleanintheirpublicschoolisdeterminedtoooftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship.”SuchdebatereflectsfiercediscussionsacrosstheUSandaroundtheworld,asresearchers,policymakers,teachersandstudentsstepupdemandsforagreaterfocusonteachingaboutthefactsofclimatechangeinschools.AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,anon-profitgroupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthecountryaddressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformersweresomeofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooksarewidelysoldelsewhere.GlennBranch,thecentersdeputydirector,cautionsthatsettingstate-levelsciencestandardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythatdecentralizesdecisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenifastateisconsideredahighperformerinitssciencestandards,“thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught,”hesays.Anotherissueisthat,whillclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosomesubjectsandatsomeagessuchasearthandspacesciencesinhighschoolsitisnotaswellrepresentedincurriculaforyoungchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidelytaught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocialstudiescourses.Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesandtextbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducationalmaterialsthatconveymoreslantedperspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustryassociations.21.Inthefirstparagraph,theweatherinTexasismentionedto_.AforecastapolicyshiftinTexasschoolBstresstheconsequencesofclimatechangeCindicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeetingDdrawthepublicsattentiontoenergyshortages22.WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?
ASheexaggeratestheexistingpanic.BShedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.CSheshowsnoconcernforpre-teens.DSheexpressedself-contradictoryview.23.Thestudyinparagraph5showsthat_.Alimatededucationisinsufficientatthestatespublicschools.Bpolicymakershavelittledriveforscienceeducation.CTexasisreluctanttorewriteitssciencetextbook.Denvironmentalteachinginsomestateslackssupervision.24.AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUS_.AcallforregularrevisionBrequireurgentapplicationChavelimitedinfluenceDcatertolocalneeds25.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsomeschools_.AagreetomajorpublicdemandsBreflectsteacherspersonalbiasesCmaymisrepresenttheenergysectorDcanbeswayedbyexternalforcesText2CommunitiesthroughoutNewEnglandhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-termrentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Nowwithrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowinventory,theresanincreasedurgencyinsuchregulation,particularlyamongthosewhoworrythatdeveloperswillcomeinandbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipforafortuneontheshort-termrentalmarket.InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1percent,housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurtherpressureonanalreadystrainedmarket.TheStateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthatwouldvemadeitillegalfortownstocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-termrentals“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalusing,”saidNickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsoutherNewHampshiretowns,“employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,andworkersarehavingahardtimefindingaplacetolive,”Taylorsaid.However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOofalocalassociationofrealter.“Alotofworkersareservicingthetouristindustry,andthetourismindustryisservedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm,”Castlesaid,“andsoitsacyclicaleffect.”Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKeenHorn,anexpertonaffordablehousingpolicy.“Ithinkindividualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.Ifitstheirvacationhomeanyway,anditsjustempty,whycantyoumakemoneyoffit?
”Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocreatelarge-scaleshort-termrentalfacilitiesdefactohotelstobypasstaxesandregulations.“Ithinkthequestionis,shouldntadeveloperwhosreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedandtaxedandregulatedlikeahotel?
”Hornsaid.Attheendof2018,governorCharlieBakerofMassachusettssignedabilltoreininthosepotentialinvestor-buyers.Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestatemandatestheycarryinsurance,andopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofanewstatelevy.Bostontookthingsevenfurther,requiringrenterstoregisterwiththecitysInspectionalServicesDepartment.Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitstrugglingcitiesandtowns,but“ifwewanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore.”26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?
AItshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.BItscommunitiesareinneedoffunding.CItsrentalvacancyrateisgoingupslowly.DItshomepricesareunderstrictcontrol.27.ThebillmentionedinParagraph2wasintendedtoAcurbshort-termrentalspeculation.Bensurethesupplyofcheaphousing.Cpunishillegaldealingsinhousing.Dallowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.28.ComparedwithCastle,TaylorismorelikelytosupportAfurtherinvestmentinlocaltourism.Banincreaseinaffordablehousing.Cstrictmanagementofrealestateagents.Dafavorablepolicyforshort-termworkers.29.WhatdoesHornemphasizeinParagraph5?
ATheurgencytoupgradeshort-termrentalfacilities.BTheefficientoperationofthelocalhousingmarket.CThenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.DTheproperproceduresforrentingoutsparehouses.30.Hornholdsthatimposingregistratio
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