英语学术论文写作_English_Academic_Writing--第五章--第三版.ppt
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英语学术论文写作_English_Academic_Writing--第五章--第三版.ppt
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homeMainExerciseshortcutEnglishAcademicWritingChapter5:
WritingStylehomeMainExerciseshortcutEnglishAcademicWritingvLeadin:
(1)Whatiscitation?
Howmanykindsofcitationarethereandwhichkinddoyouprefer?
v
(2)Whatdoyouusuallydowithin-textcitation?
(3)Whatisplagiarism?
Howtoavoidit?
(4)Inpairsorgroups,pleasediscussthedetailsofreferencesbasedonyourexperience?
(5)Whatarethecharacteristicsoflanguageinacademicpaper?
(6)whatarethecommonstyleguidesthatyouarefamiliarwith?
homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFive:
WritingStylePartOne:
Citationvs.PlagiarismPartTwo:
ReferencesPartThree:
LanguageStylehomeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartOne:
Citationvs.Plagiarismv1.IntroductionDefinition:
vCitationistheactofidentifyingsources.Acitationnamestheauthorandworkandprovidessufficientbibliographicinformationtoallowthereadertotrackdowntheoriginalsource.vTwotypesofcitation:
v
(1)Citationasnote/reference,
(2)Citationasmaterialquoted.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartOne:
Citationvs.Plagiarism2.GuidelinesforCitingtheIdeasofOthersCiteonlythemostappropriateandthelatestliterature.Citethepublishedliterature.Providecitationsfordirectquotationsandparaphrases,forideas,anddatatakenfromanoriginalsource.Accuracyincitationmustbeguaranteed.Citationformatmustbestandardized.Betentativeincitationratherthanbeingtooassertive.Donotcitemorethanisnecessary.Dontputa“catch-all”citationattheendofaparagraph.Citeasyouuse.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartOne:
Citationvs.Plagiarismv3.In-TextCitationvThreewaysofin-textcitation:
Boththenameanddateenclosedinparentheses.vE.g.v1.TheInternetisausefulresearchtool(Kwok,2018).2.Cyanidehasbeenfoundtoinhibitenzymeaction(Grubb,1977;Smith,1980;Taylor,1983).3.Cyanidehasbeenfoundtoinhibitenzymeaction(Jonesetal.,1985).homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartOne:
Citationvs.PlagiarismTomakethelastnameoftheresearcherthesubjectorobjectofthesentenceorclauseandfollowitimmediatelywiththedateofthestudyinparentheses.vE.g.vKwok(2018)statesthattheInternetisausefulresearchtool.vvLim(2018)statesthatthattheInternetisausefulresearchtool.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartOne:
Citationvs.PlagiarismIfyouwishtoemphasizethedateofthecitedstudy,youcanomittheparenthesesbysayingthat:
vE.g.vAsearlyas2018,KowkfoundthattheInternetisausefultool.Somejournalsjustcitethesequenceofthereferencesinthetextinordertosavespace.E.g.Vibrationisusedtoprepareuniformgranularmixturesortosegregategranularcomposites3,7,12,16,19.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartOne:
Citationvs.Plagiarismv4.FootnotesDefinition:
Footnotes,alsocalled“bottomnotes”or“end-of-the-pagenotes”,markitsusebyaddinganumberinuppercasetotheupperrightcornerofthewordsorsentencestobenoted,andthenputthenoteinthebottomofthepage.E.g._22Note,thisisdifferentfromthereferencescenarioreferredtothroughoutthispaper,inthatitincludestheimpactondemandofpricesgeneratedbytheERISmodel.23Andaround86%ofcumulativealcoholconsumptionintransport.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartOne:
Citationvs.Plagiarismv5.EndnotesDefinition:
Endnotesareputattheendofthearticle.Endnoteshelpreadersunderstandandretrieverelevantdocumentations.Itshouldbenotedthatthenumbersoftheendnotesmustbeconsistentwiththesequenceinthearticle.vE.g.vNotes1.LeonardShatzkin,InColdType:
OvercomingtheBookCrisis(Boston:
HoughtonMifflin,1982).2.PaulStarr,“TheElectronicReader”,inReadinginthe1980s,ed.StephenBraubard(NewYork:
Bowker,1983),149.3.Shatzkin,79.4.Starr,149.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartOne:
Citationvs.Plagiarismv6.Plagiarism
(1)Definition:
vPlagiarismistheactofusingsomeoneelsesideasorwordseitherinspokenorwrittenformwithoutgivingthatpersoncredit.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartOne:
Citationvs.Plagiarism
(2)Content:
Quotingmaterialwithoutattribution.Passingoffanothersideaasyourown,evenifithasbeenreworded.Imitatingapassagesstructureorargumentwithoutattribution.Concealingtheextenttowhichborrowingfromatextorothersourcehasoccurred.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartOne:
Citationvs.Plagiarism(3)Methodstoavoidplagiarism:
lSummarizewhatyouhavereadimmediatelyafteryouhavereaditandwithoutreferringbacktothesourceinordertoavoidcopyingdirectlyfromthesource.lWhencopyingdirectlyfromthesourceorevenparaphrasewhatyouhaveread,besuretonotethepagenumberfromwhichitcomes.lInwriting,provideclearreferencestothesourcesquoted.lDocumentallthesourcesquotedintheReferencessection.vgotomainhomeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartTwo:
Referencesv1.IntroductiongotomainTherearemanystyleguidesforacademicwriting,butthemostwidelyusedonesareAPA,CMSandMLA.NameDefinitionUsageAPAAmericanPsychologicalAssociationGuidelinesandrulesforpropergrammaticalusage,citationformats,orpaperwritingfromtheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA).Oftenusedinsocialscienceworks.CMSChicagoManualofStyleGuidelinesandrulesonpropergrammaticalusage,citationformats,orpaperwritingfromeithertheChicagoManualofStyleorKateL.MLAModernLanguageAssociationGuidelinesandrulesforpropergrammaticalusage,citationformats,orpaperwritingfromtheMLA.Oftenusedinworksontheliberalartsandhumanities.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartTwo:
Referencesv2.WhatStyleGuidetoUse?
vlAnthropology:
AmericanAnthropologicalAssociationsStyleGuidevOnline:
http:
/www.aaanet.org/pubs/style_guide.htmvlBiology(alsonaturalsciences):
CouncilofBiologyEditorsStyleManualvOnline:
http:
/www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocCBE.htmlvlChemistry:
AmericanChemicalSociety(ACS)StyleGuidevOnline:
http:
/iws.ohiolink.edu/chemistry/info/acs.htmlvlEconomics:
Turabian(asimplifiedChicagostyle)vOnline:
http:
/www.wisc.edu/writetest/Handbook/DocChicago.htmlvlEnglish:
MLAHandbookforWritersofResearchPapersvOnline:
http:
/www.wisc.edu/writetest/Handbook/DocMLA.htmlv.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartTwo:
Referencesv3.ContentofReferencesv
(1)Authorv
(2)Titleandversionv(3)Sourcetypev(4)Publicationdetailsv(5)SourceofdocumenthomeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartTwo:
Referencesv4.ReferencesSystemsv
(1)Sequentialsystemv
(2)Author-YearsystemSequentialSystemarrangesthereferencesinchronologicalorderaccordingtotheorderofthereferencesinthepaper.Author-YearSystemarrangesthereferenceaccordingtothealphabeticalorderoftheauthorslastname.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartTwo:
ReferencesvActivity1:
vAnalyzethereferencesofalinguisticjournalandtrytodetermineitscharacteristics.v参考文献vAlreck,P.L.&R.B.Settle.1985TheSurveyResearchHandbookM.Homewood,Illinois:
RichardD.Irwin,Inc.vDewey,J.1933.HowWeThinkM.NewYork:
D.C.Health.vDewey,J.1938/1963.ExperienceandEducationM.NewYork:
Macmillan.Freeman,D.2002.Thehiddensideofthework:
TeacherknowledgeandlearningtoteachJ.LanguageTeaching35:
1213.vFreeman,R.&J.C.Richards(eds.).1996.TeacherLearninginLanguageTeachingvC.Shanghai:
ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.vFreeman,D.&K.Johnson.1998.ReconceptualizingtheknowledgebaseofvlanguageteachereducationJ.TESOLQuarterly32:
3972417.vKaufman,D.2004.ConstructivistissuesinlanguagevlearningandteachingJ.AnnualReviewofAppliedLinguistics24:
303-319.vhomeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartTwo:
ReferencesvKey:
vFamilynamewithinitialscomesfirst,givennamefollows;vJournalarticletitleislisted;vJournalnameandbooknameareinitalics,vWhenthereareanumberofauthors,listthemall.v.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartTwo:
Referencesv5.APAReferencesDefinition:
vTheAPAstyleguideprescribesthattheReferencesection,bibliographiesandotherlistsofnamesshouldbeindicatedbylastnamesfirstandmandatesinclusionoffirstnameprefixes.vE.g.v“MartindeRijke”shouldbesortedas“DeRijke,M.”.“SaifAlFalasi”shouldbesortedas“Al-Falasi,S.”.PrintSourcesElectronicSourcesRules1.directreadersspecificallytothesourcematerialusingURLswhichwork,2.includetheaccessdate,3.includeallotherrelevantAPAstyledetailsforthesource.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartTwo:
Referencesv6.ACSStyleDefinition:
vTheACSstyle,astandardmethodofcitationinacademicpublications,originatedwiththeAmericanChemicalSociety(ACS).TheBibliographysectionoftheACSstyleappearsattheendofthepaperinalphabeticalorderifcitedbyauthoranddateorinnumericalorderifcitedbynumbers.BookBookorEncyclopediaChapterInternetSiteJournalNewspaper.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartTwo:
Referencesv7.CautionsvlAllsourcescitedinthetextmustbedocumentedintheReferencessection.vlNootherreferenceislistedintheReferencessectionunlessitwascitedinthetext.vlWriteasmuchinformationasnecessaryforthereference.vlAdaptthemethodofdocumentationtonewneeds.vgotomainhomeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartThree:
LanguageStylev1.IntroductionvAcademicassignmentsusuallyfollowaparticularstyle;herearesomecommonlyobservedfeatures:
TentativeFormalObjectiveConciseVariedhomeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartThree:
LanguageStylev2.Tentativenessv
(1)Avoidover-generalizationssuchas“always”and“every”,replacethemwith“often”and“many/much”.v
(2)Uselinguistic“hedges”(e.g.probably,seems,mightbe)toqualifygeneralizations.v(3)Usetentativewordsorphrasessuchas“tendsto”,“indicatesthat”,“suggeststhat”.v(4)Limityourclaimsberealistic.homeMainExerciseshortcutChapterFivePartThree:
LanguageStylevActivity2:
vRew
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